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61. 发明授权

US4836676A Phase reading fiber optic interferometer 失效
标题翻译：相位读取光纤干涉仪
公开(公告)号：US4836676A
公开(公告)日：1989-06-06
申请号：US946628
申请日：1986-12-29
申请人： Byoung Y. Kim , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Byoung Y. Kim , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G01C19/72
CPC分类号： G01C19/72
摘要： A system and method for detecting the influence of selected forces on an interferometer over an extended dynamic range. One presently preferred embodiment is disclosed for detecting rotation of an interferometer. In this embodiment, an open-loop, all-fiber-optic gyroscope provides an output signal comprising the phase difference of two light waves which are counterpropagating within the gyroscope, and which are phase modulated at a selected frequency. The phase difference of the light waves is influenced by the rotation rate of the interferometer. The output signal is amplitude modulated at the phase modulation frequency to transpose the optical phase shift into a low frequency electronic phase shift, which is measured using a digital time interval counter. A linear scale factor is achieved through use of this system and method.
摘要翻译：一种用于在扩展动态范围内检测所选力对干涉仪的影响的系统和方法。公开了一种目前优选的实施例，用于检测干涉仪的旋转。在该实施例中，开环全光纤陀螺仪提供包括在陀螺仪内相反传播的两个光波的相位差并且以所选频率进行相位调制的输出信号。光波的相位差受到干涉仪的旋转速度的影响。输出信号以相位调制频率进行幅度调制，以将光相位转换成低频电子相移，其使用数字时间间隔计数器测量。通过使用该系统和方法实现线性比例因子。

62. 发明授权

US4794598A Synchronously pumped ring fiber Raman laser 失效
标题翻译：同步泵浦环形光纤拉曼激光器
公开(公告)号：US4794598A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-27
申请号：US888170
申请日：1986-07-18
申请人： Emmanuel Desurvire , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Emmanuel Desurvire , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： H01S3/00 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/16 , H01S3/30
CPC分类号： H01S3/094026 , H01S3/302
摘要： An all-fiber ring laser has a single, uninterrupted length of single-mode optical fiber that is formed into a loop by using an optical coupler. Pump signal pulses at a first optical wavelength are introduced into one end of the optical fiber. Each pump pulse propagates through the loop formed in the fiber and then exits the fiber. The pump signal pulses excite the molecules of the optical fiber to cause them to go to a higher, unstable energy level. When the molecules return to a lower energy level, photons are emitted at a second optical frequency that has a wavelength that is shifted from the wavelength of the pump signal to form laser signal pulses. The coupler is a multiplexing coupler that has a first coupling ratio at the wavelength of the pump signal and has a second coupling ratio at the wavelength of the emitted optical signal. The first coupling ratio is preferably close to zero and the second coupling coefficient is greater than 0.5. The laser optical signal recirculates in the loop to stimulate further emission of optical energy at the shifted wavelength in phase with the recirculating optical signal. Each pump pulse is timed to enter the optical fiber loop in synchronism with the recirculating laser signal pulse so as to excite the fiber molecules so as to amplify the recirculating signal pulses. The laser signal has a loop transit time related to the time interval between pump pulses such that a multiple of the loop transit time is substantially equal to a multiple of the time interval.
摘要翻译：全光纤环形激光器具有单个不间断长度的单模光纤，其通过使用光耦合器形成环路。在第一光波长的泵浦信号脉冲被引入光纤的一端。每个泵浦脉冲通过形成在光纤中的环路传播，然后离开光纤。泵浦信号脉冲激发光纤的分子，使它们进入更高，不稳定的能级。当分子返回到较低的能量水平时，光子以具有从泵浦信号的波长偏移的波长的第二光学频率发射以形成激光信号脉冲。耦合器是在泵浦信号的波长处具有第一耦合比并且在所发射的光信号的波长处具有第二耦合比的多路耦合器。第一耦合比优选接近零，第二耦合系数大于0.5。激光光信号在环路中再循环以刺激与再循环光信号同相的移动波长的光能的进一步发射。每个泵浦脉冲被定时以与循环激光信号脉冲同步地进入光纤回路，以激发光纤分子，以放大再循环信号脉冲。激光信号具有与泵脉冲之间的时间间隔相关的回路通过时间，使得循环通过时间的倍数基本上等于时间间隔的倍数。

63. 发明授权

US4676585A Continuously variable fiber optic delay line 失效
标题翻译：连续可变光纤延迟线
公开(公告)号：US4676585A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-30
申请号：US637042
申请日：1984-07-09
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , John E. Bowers , Steven A. Newton
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , John E. Bowers , Steven A. Newton
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02B6/28 , H04B10/02 , G02B6/26
CPC分类号： G02B6/2861 , G02B6/2821 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A continuously variable optical delay line having a first substrate (66, 70) and a second substrate (95). The first substrate is composed of a quartz block (70) with a large radius of curvature along its length, supporting a silicon substrate (66) having a plurality of longitudinal, parallel v-grooves (68). A single length (121) of single mode optical fiber is wrapped around the first substrate (66, 70) in helical fashion with each loop being secured in one of the v-grooves (68). The portions of the fiber (121) in the v-grooves (68) are lapped and polished to create a flat coupling surface extending laterally and longitudinally across the first substrate (66, 70). The second substrate (91) is composed of a quartz block with a single v-groove holding a segment of single mode fiber (95). The radius of curvature of this v-groove is substantially smaller than that of the first substrate, such that the flat coupling surface of the second substrate (91) is shorter than that of the first substrate (66). The first and second substrates are placed together such that the fiber in the second substrate is coupled to the fiber in the first substrate. By moving (142) the second substrate longitudinally with respect to the first substrate, a continuously variable delay can be obtained. The continuously variable delay line can be combined with a separate discretely variable delay line to create a longer continuous variable delay. The continuous variable delay line can be formed with only one v-groove (68) in the first substrate (66).
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US82 / 01609 Sec。 371日期1984年7月9日 102（e）日期1984年7月9日PCT申请日1982年11月12日PCT公布。出版物WO84 / 02006 日期：1984年5月24日。一种具有第一基板（66,70）和第二基板（95）的连续可变光延迟线。第一衬底由沿其长度具有大曲率半径的石英块（70）组成，支撑具有多个纵向平行V形槽（68）的硅衬底（66）。单模光纤的单个长度（121）以螺旋方式缠绕在第一基板（66,70）周围，每个环固定在一个V形槽（68）中。所述v形槽（68）中的所述纤维（121）的所述部分被研磨和抛光以产生横向和纵向延伸穿过所述第一衬底（66,70）的平坦的联接表面。第二基板（91）由具有保持单模光纤（95）的单个v形槽的石英块组成。该v形槽的曲率半径比第一衬底的曲率半径小，使得第二衬底（91）的平坦耦合表面比第一衬底（66）的平坦的耦合表面短。将第一和第二基板放置在一起，使得第二基板中的光纤耦合到第一基板中的光纤。通过相对于第一基板纵向移动（142）第二基板，可以获得连续可变的延迟。连续可变延迟线可以与单独的离散可变延迟线组合以产生更长的连续可变延迟。连续可变延迟线可以在第一基板（66）中仅形成一个V形槽（68）。

64. 发明授权

US4588255A Optical guided wave signal processor for matrix-vector multiplication and filtering 失效
标题翻译：光导波信号处理器，用于矩阵矢量乘法和滤波
公开(公告)号：US4588255A
公开(公告)日：1986-05-13
申请号：US503871
申请日：1983-06-13
申请人： Moshe Tur , Joseph W. Goodman , Herbert J. Shaw , Behzad Moslehi , John E. Bowers
发明人： Moshe Tur , Joseph W. Goodman , Herbert J. Shaw , Behzad Moslehi , John E. Bowers
IPC分类号： G02B6/28 , G06E3/00 , G06G7/12
CPC分类号： G02B6/2861 , G06E3/001
摘要： An array (48, 49, 50, 51) of fiber optic couplers coupling an input (45) and an output (46) waveguide. The output waveguide (46) is routed among the couplers of the array such that either backward or forward coupling exists. With backward coupling, energy coupled into the output waveguide (46) in a coupler of the array is guided back to the preceding coupler for coupling back into the input waveguide (45).The backward coupling allows recirculations to occur between couplers to create poles and zeroes in the transfer function of the array which transfer function can be programmed or tailored somewhat to have specific characteristics. Further, the backward coupling allows the array to be used for matrix-vector multiplication.
摘要翻译：耦合输入（45）和输出（46）波导的光纤耦合器的阵列（48,49,50,51）。输出波导（46）在阵列的耦合器之间被路由，使得存在向后或向前耦合。通过反向耦合，耦合到阵列的耦合器中的输出波导（46）的能量被引导回到先前的耦合器以耦合回到输入波导（45）。反向耦合允许在耦合器之间发生再循环，以在阵列的传递函数中产生极点和零点，该传递函数可以被编程或稍微修改以具有特定的特性。此外，反向耦合允许阵列用于矩阵矢量乘法。

65. 发明授权

US4564293A Fiber optic loop interferometer and method with coincident backscatter elimination 失效
标题翻译：光纤环路干涉仪和符合反向散射消除的方法
公开(公告)号：US4564293A
公开(公告)日：1986-01-14
申请号：US520605
申请日：1983-08-05
申请人： Steven A. Newton , Herbert J. Shaw , Cassius C. Cutler
发明人： Steven A. Newton , Herbert J. Shaw , Cassius C. Cutler
IPC分类号： G01B9/02 , G01C19/72 , G01C19/64
CPC分类号： G01C19/72
摘要： Method and apparatus for improving the sensitivity of Sagnac gyroscopes and other interferometers utilizing a fiber optic loop by minimizing the effects of backscattered radiation. In one disclosed embodiment, the amplitude of coincident backscattered radiation is significantly reduced by applying the light in the form of a pulse of short duration and gating the output so that only the scattered energy from a short length of the fiber contributes to the interfering wave. The interference is reduced even further by processing or constructing the loop to eliminate the scattering sources in the short segment which can give rise to coincident backscattered power.
摘要翻译：用于通过最小化背散射辐射的影响来提高利用光纤环路的Sagnac陀螺仪和其它干涉仪的灵敏度的方法和装置。在一个公开的实施例中，通过以短持续时间的脉冲的形式施加光并门控输出，使得只有来自光纤的短长度的散射能量有助于干扰波，才能显着地减少重合后向散射辐射的幅度。通过处理或构造回路以消除短段中的散射源，甚至可以进一步降低干扰，这可以产生一致的反向散射功率。

66. 发明授权

US4554510A Switching fiber optic amplifier 失效
标题翻译：开关光纤放大器
公开(公告)号：US4554510A
公开(公告)日：1985-11-19
申请号：US531231
申请日：1983-09-12
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet
IPC分类号： G01P9/00 , G01C19/64 , G01C19/72 , G02B6/00 , G02F1/01 , G02F1/313 , G02F1/39 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/091 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/10 , H01S3/102 , H01S3/16 , H01S3/23 , H03F3/68
CPC分类号： H01S3/06754 , H01S3/094011 , H01S3/10007 , H01S3/1611 , H01S3/1643
摘要： A fiber optic amplifier utilizes a crystal fiber of laser material to bidirectionally amplify light signals. This amplifier permits the application of both pumping illumination and the signal to be amplified to the end of the crystal fiber to avoid the disadvantages inherent in side pumping this fiber. End pumping is accomplished by taking advantage of the slow spontaneous fluorescence of the laser crystal to sequentially apply the pumping illumination and then the signal to be amplified to the crystal. This sequential application of signals is made possible through the use of a switchable coupler which allows light to be selectively coupled from either of a pair of input optical fibers to a single output optical fiber which is coupled to the crystal fiber. The pumping illumination is initially supplied to the crystal fiber to invert the ions within the crystal. Once these ions are inverted, the coupler is switched to permit the application of the signal to be amplified to the crystal, and the application of pumping illumination is temporarily discontinued. The signal to be amplified propagates through the crystal to stimulate emission of coherent light from the laser material resulting in amplification of the signal. When this amplification process is complete, pumping illumination is again applied through the switch to the crystal fiber.
摘要翻译：光纤放大器利用激光材料的晶体光纤双向放大光信号。该放大器允许将泵浦照明和信号放大到晶体光纤的端部，以避免侧向泵浦该光纤的固有缺点。通过利用激光晶体的缓慢的自发荧光来顺序地施加泵浦照明，然后将待放大的信号施加到晶体来实现末端泵浦。通过使用可切换耦合器来实现信号的这种顺序应用，其允许光从一对输入光纤中的任一个选择性地耦合到耦合到晶体光纤的单个输出光纤。泵浦照明最初被提供给晶体纤维以反转晶体内的离子。一旦这些离子被反转，耦合器被切换以允许将信号施加到晶体上，并且暂时停止施加泵浦照明。要放大的信号通过晶体传播，以激发来自激光材料的相干光的发射，从而产生信号的放大。当该放大过程完成时，泵浦照明再次通过开关施加到晶体光纤。

67. 发明授权

US4546476A Fiber optic amplifier 失效
标题翻译：光纤放大器
公开(公告)号：US4546476A
公开(公告)日：1985-10-08
申请号：US448707
申请日：1982-12-10
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Marvin Chodorow
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Marvin Chodorow
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02B6/04 , G02B6/28 , G02B27/10 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/091 , H01S3/0915 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/23 , H01S3/30
CPC分类号： H01S3/094003 , H01S3/06708 , H01S3/06737 , H01S3/094007 , H01S3/094019 , H01S3/094069
摘要： A pair of small diameter optical fibers are arranged in a side-by-side configuration, the first fiber providing a pumping source, and the second fiber doped with a material which will lase at the signal frequency. The signal to be amplified propagates through the second fiber to stimulate emission of coherent light from the lasing material, resulting in amplification of the signal. The refractive index of the first and second fibers are selected such that the signal in the second fiber is well guided, while the pumping light in the first fiber is unguided, yielding low losses in the second fiber but high transfer of the pumping light from the first fiber to the second fiber.
摘要翻译：一对小直径光纤以并排配置排列，第一光纤提供泵浦源，第二光纤掺杂有以信号频率变化的材料。待放大的信号通过第二光纤传播，以刺激来自激光材料的相干光的发射，导致信号的放大。选择第一和第二光纤的折射率使得第二光纤中的信号被良好地引导，而第一光纤中的泵浦光未被引导，在第二光纤中产生低损耗，但来自第一根光纤到第二条光纤。

68. 发明授权

US4530097A Brillouin ring laser 失效
标题翻译：布里渊环激光
公开(公告)号：US4530097A
公开(公告)日：1985-07-16
申请号：US426885
申请日：1982-09-29
申请人： Loren F. Stokes , Herbert J. Shaw , Marvin Chodorow
发明人： Loren F. Stokes , Herbert J. Shaw , Marvin Chodorow
IPC分类号： G01C19/66 , G01C19/72 , G02B27/28 , G02F1/35 , H01S3/083 , H01S3/30
CPC分类号： H01S3/302 , G01C19/66 , H01S3/083
摘要： A Brillouin ring laser comprises a fiber optic resonator formed from a loop of fiber optic material and a fiber optic directional coupler for optically closing the loop.
摘要翻译：布里渊环激光器包括由光纤材料环形成的光纤谐振器和用于光学闭合环路的光纤定向耦合器。

69. 发明授权

US4529312A Fiber optic rotation sensor utilizing unpolarized light 失效
标题翻译：光纤旋转传感器采用非偏振光
公开(公告)号：US4529312A
公开(公告)日：1985-07-16
申请号：US288212
申请日：1981-07-29
申请人： George A. Pavlath , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： George A. Pavlath , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G01C19/64 , G01C19/72 , G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01C19/72
摘要： A fiber optic rotation sensor, employing detection of the Sagnac phase shift, comprises a single mode fiber forming a loop. The rotation sensor utilizes unpolarized light to provide reciprocal operation. The unpolarized light produces incoherent light wave components which are averaged to zero in the detector. Non-rotationally induced phase shifts between coherent components resolve into vectors equal in magnitude and opposite in phase angle so that the non-reciprocal components of these vectors cancel.The rotation sensor is independent of environmental factors when the phase difference between the waves counterpropagating through the loop is an odd multiple of .pi./2. Accordingly, the sensor includes a phase shifter for biasing such phase difference to .pi./2 to provide a stable operating point when the loop is at rest. Additional compensating means are included to provide stability during rotation.
摘要翻译：使用Sagnac相移的检测的光纤旋转传感器包括形成环路的单模光纤。旋转传感器利用非偏振光提供相互作用。非偏振光产生在检测器中平均为零的非相干光波分量。相干分量之间的非旋转感应相移分解成幅度相等且相位角相反的矢量，从而消除这些矢量的不可逆分量。当通过回路反向传播的波形之间的相位差是pi / 2的奇数倍时，旋转传感器与环境因素无关。因此，传感器包括用于将这种相位差偏置到π/ 2的移相器，以在环路静止时提供稳定的工作点。包括额外的补偿装置以提供旋转期间的稳定性。

70. 发明授权

US4515431A Fiber optic amplifier 失效
标题翻译：光纤放大器
公开(公告)号：US4515431A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-07
申请号：US407136
申请日：1982-08-11
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Marvin Chodorow , Michel J. F. Digonnet
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Marvin Chodorow , Michel J. F. Digonnet
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02B6/02 , G02B6/28 , G02B6/34 , G02F1/35 , H01S3/0933 , H01S3/094 , G02B5/172
CPC分类号： H01S3/094003 , G02B6/2821 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , H01S3/0933 , H01S3/094011
摘要： An optical fiber bidirectional amplifier includes a pair of small diameter optical fibers, arranged in a side-by-side configuration, the first fiber providing a pumping source and the second fiber doped with a material which will lase at the frequency of the signal to be amplified. The signal to be amplified propagates through the second fiber to stimulate emission of coherent light from the lasing material, resulting in amplification of the signal. The refractive indexes of the first and second fibers are substantially identical, but the coupling characteristic provided by the geometrical relationship between the pair of fibers yields a wavelength dependent coupling efficiency. Specifically, the coupling efficiency at the wavelength of the pumping source is relatively high, while the coupling efficiency at the wavelength of the signal to be amplified is relatively low. Thus, the pumping illumination is coupled from the first fiber to the second fiber to stimulate the doping material in the second fiber, while the signal to be amplified remains relatively uncoupled, and is amplified by the coherent light emitted by the lasing material.
摘要翻译：光纤双向放大器包括一对并排配置的小直径光纤，第一光纤提供泵浦源，第二光纤掺杂有将以信号频率变化的材料放大待放大的信号通过第二光纤传播，以刺激来自激光材料的相干光的发射，导致信号的放大。第一和第二纤维的折射率基本上相同，但由一对纤维之间的几何关系提供的耦合特性产生了与波长相关的耦合效率。具体地说，在泵浦源的波长处的耦合效率相对较高，而要放大的信号的波长的耦合效率相对较低。因此，泵浦照明从第一光纤耦合到第二光纤以刺激第二光纤中的掺杂材料，而待放大的信号保持相对不耦合，并且由激光材料发射的相干光放大。

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