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51. 发明授权

US07669439B2 Gas injection for glass melting furnace to reduce refractory degradation 失效
$Gas injection for glass melting furnace to reduce refractory degradation$
标题翻译：玻璃熔炼炉注气降低难度降解
公开(公告)号：US07669439B2
公开(公告)日：2010-03-02
申请号：US11657153
申请日：2007-01-24
申请人： Neil George Simpson , John R. LeBlanc , Gregory Floyd Prusia
发明人： Neil George Simpson , John R. LeBlanc , Gregory Floyd Prusia
IPC分类号： C03B5/167 , C03B5/425
CPC分类号： C03B5/425 , C03B5/193 , C03B5/2353 , C03B2211/30 , C03B2211/40 , C03B2211/60 , F23C5/00 , F23C6/047 , F23D14/02 , F23D14/32 , F23D17/002 , F23L7/00 , F23L2900/07005 , Y02E20/344 , Y02P40/55 , Y02P40/57 , Y02P40/58
摘要： A glass melting furnace has a gas inlet positioned proximate to a charging section oxy-fuel combustion region to introduce gas into the region and to at least partially displace gas having a partial pressure of alkali vapor from the region, and optionally a gas outlet is adapted to provide an exit for a volume of furnace atmosphere. A method for reducing alkali vapor corrosion of glass furnace refractory structures includes providing a gas inlet proximate to the oxy-fuel combustion region; introducing a volume of gas from the inlet into the region, displacing a volume of gas having a partial pressure of alkali vapor from the region; and, optionally providing a gas outlet adapted to provide an exit for a volume of furnace atmosphere.
摘要翻译：玻璃熔炉具有靠近充电部分氧 - 燃料燃烧区域定位的气体入口，以将气体引入该区域并且至少部分地替代来自该区域的具有碱性蒸汽分压的气体，并且可选地，气体出口被适配以提供大量炉气氛的出口。一种减少玻璃熔炉耐火结构的碱蒸汽腐蚀的方法包括提供靠近氧 - 燃料燃烧区的气体入口; 将一定体积的气体从入口引入该区域，从该区域移出一定体积的具有碱蒸气分压的气体; 并且，可选地提供适于为一定体积的炉气氛提供出口的气体出口。

52. 发明申请

US20050217317A1 Method for preventing bubbles on precious metal components 有权
标题翻译：用于防止贵金属组分上的气泡的方法
公开(公告)号：US20050217317A1
公开(公告)日：2005-10-06
申请号：US11091599
申请日：2005-03-28
申请人： Gerhard Lautenschlaeger , Thomas Pfeiffer , Andreas Roters , Gernot Roeth
发明人： Gerhard Lautenschlaeger , Thomas Pfeiffer , Andreas Roters , Gernot Roeth
IPC分类号： C03B5/16 , C03B5/167 , C03B5/225 , C03B5/24 , C03B5/425 , C03B5/43 , C03B7/02 , G01N27/406
CPC分类号： C03B5/1675 , C03B5/163 , C03B5/225 , C03B5/24
摘要： In the case of a method for manufacturing glass, with which molten glass is enclosed at least partially by precious metal walls or refractory metal walls, and with which the oxygen partial pressure of the molten glass is influenced by a treatment means to prevent disturbances, gas bubbles or other disturbances often form as a result of over-compensation. This over-compensation can be prevented by locating at least one probe (20) for determining the oxygen partial pressure at the interface—or close to the interface—of the glass melt and metal wall, and by regulating the influencing of the oxygen partial pressure in a safe range of the oxygen partial pressure with the treatment means using a regulating system (39, 45).
摘要翻译：在制造玻璃的方法的情况下，熔融玻璃至少部分地被贵金属壁或难熔金属壁封闭，熔融玻璃的氧分压受到处理装置的影响以防止干扰，气体气泡或其他干扰经常由于过度补偿而形成。可以通过定位用于确定玻璃熔体和金属壁的界面处的界面处或接近玻璃熔体和金属壁的氧分压的至少一个探针（20）以及通过调节氧分压的影响来防止该过度补偿在使用调节系统（39,45）的处理装置的氧分压的安全范围内。

53. 发明授权

US6119484A Vacuum degassing apparatus for molten glass 有权
标题翻译：熔融玻璃真空脱气装置
公开(公告)号：US6119484A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-19
申请号：US164356
申请日：1998-10-01
申请人： Yusuke Takei , Masataka Matsuwaki , Toshiyasu Kawaguchi , Takashi Kijima , Atsushi Tanigaki , Katsuharu Imamaki , Michito Sasaki , Toshihiro Ishino
发明人： Yusuke Takei , Masataka Matsuwaki , Toshiyasu Kawaguchi , Takashi Kijima , Atsushi Tanigaki , Katsuharu Imamaki , Michito Sasaki , Toshihiro Ishino
IPC分类号： C03B5/167 , C03B5/187 , C03B5/225 , C03B5/43 , C22B9/04 , C22B9/05 , C03B5/42
CPC分类号： C22B9/055 , C03B5/1672 , C03B5/1675 , C03B5/1875 , C03B5/205 , C03B5/2252 , C03B5/43 , C22B9/04 , Y02P40/57
摘要： A vacuum degassing apparatus for molten glass includes a vacuum housing where a vacuum is created; a vacuum degassing vessel housed in the vacuum housing to degas the molten glass; an introduction device communicated to the vacuum degassing vessel so as to introduce untreated molten glass into the vacuum degassing vessel, or preferably an uprising pipe; and a discharge device to discharge treated molten glass from the vacuum degassing vessel, or preferably a downfalling pipe. In the apparatus, at least a portion of at least one of the vacuum degassing vessel, the uprising pipe and the downfalling pipe that directly contact the molten glass is constituted by refractory material having a porosity of not greater than 5%. The apparatus can increase quantity of flow of the molten glass and consequently a degassing throughput of the molten glass, having the same size and the same pressure loss. The apparatus can further increase the quantity of flow and the degassing throughput without making the size of the apparatus excessively larger.
摘要翻译：用于熔融玻璃的真空脱气装置包括：真空室，其中产生真空; 容纳在真空壳体中以对熔融玻璃进行脱气的真空脱气容器; 将引入装置传送到真空脱气容器，以将未处理的熔融玻璃引入真空脱气容器，或优选上升管中; 以及排出装置，用于从真空脱气容器排出经处理的熔融玻璃，或优选地是下降管。在该装置中，直接接触熔融玻璃的真空脱气容器，上升管和下降管中的至少一个的至少一部分由孔隙率不大于5％的耐火材料构成。该装置可以增加熔融玻璃的流动量，并因此增加具有相同尺寸和相同压力损失的熔融玻璃的脱气生产量。该装置可以进一步增加流量和脱气生产量，而不会使装置的尺寸过大。

54. 发明授权

US5795363A Reduction of solid defects in glass due to refractory corrosion in a float glass operation 失效
$Reduction of solid defects in glass due to refractory corrosion in a float glass operation$
标题翻译：在浮法玻璃操作中由于耐火腐蚀而减少玻璃中的固体缺陷
公开(公告)号：US5795363A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-18
申请号：US758139
申请日：1996-11-25
申请人： George A. Pecoraro , Yih-Wan Tsai
发明人： George A. Pecoraro , Yih-Wan Tsai
IPC分类号： C03B5/167 , C03B5/16
CPC分类号： C03B5/1672 , C03B5/167 , Y02P40/57
摘要： The present invention provides an apparatus and method for reducing the occurrences of solid defects in float glass due to corrosion of refractory in a glass melting and refining furnace. In making flat glass by the float process, batch materials are fed into a melting and refining furnace and heated to form molten glass. The molten glass passes through the melting section and into a refining section of the furnace where the glass is gradually cooled and conditioned prior to delivering the glass to a forming chamber where the molten glass is floated upon molten metal and formed into a continuous sheet of glass. During the melting operation, alkali vapors from the molten glass accumulate within a downstream portion of the melting section. These vapors attack and corrode those portions of the melting section of the furnace which are constructed from silica refractory. The products of the corrosion are deposited in the molten glass resulting in solid defects. In the present invention, a nonreactive gas is directed into the downstream portion of the melting section at a temperature no greater than that of the molten glass within the melting section and at a gas volume sufficient to reduce the amount of alkali vapors in the downstream portion of the melting section. As a result, the corrosion of the silica refractory is reduced and the total occurrences of solid defects in the glass due to refractory corrosion is reduced. In one embodiment of the invention, the gas is the combustion products from burners that are positioned in the downstream portion of the melting section of the furnace.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种用于减少由于玻璃熔化和精炼炉中的耐火材料的腐蚀而导致的浮法玻璃中的固体缺陷的发生的装置和方法。在通过浮法制造平板玻璃时，将批料送入熔化和精炼炉中并加热形成熔融玻璃。熔融玻璃通过熔化部分并进入炉的精炼部分，其中玻璃逐渐冷却和调节，然后将玻璃输送到熔融玻璃浮在熔融金属上的成形室，并形成连续的玻璃片。在熔化操作期间，来自熔融玻璃的碱蒸汽在熔化部分的下游部分中积聚。这些蒸气侵蚀和腐蚀由二氧化硅耐火材料构成的炉的熔化部分的那些部分。腐蚀产物沉积在熔融玻璃中，导致固体缺陷。在本发明中，非反应性气体以不大于熔融部分内的熔融玻璃的温度的温度被引导到熔化部分的下游部分，并且气体体积足以减少下游部分中的碱蒸气的量的熔化部分。结果，二氧化硅耐火材料的腐蚀减少，并且由于耐火腐蚀而导致的玻璃中固体缺陷的总发生率降低。在本发明的一个实施例中，气体是来自燃烧器的燃烧产物，其位于炉的熔化部分的下游部分。

55. 发明授权

US5569312A Method for reducing no.sub.x emissions from a regenerative glass furnace 失效
标题翻译：减少再生玻璃熔炉排放的方法
公开(公告)号：US5569312A
公开(公告)日：1996-10-29
申请号：US153986
申请日：1993-11-18
申请人： Richard Quirk , David A. Bird , Ian N. W. Shulver , Robin M. McIntosh
发明人： Richard Quirk , David A. Bird , Ian N. W. Shulver , Robin M. McIntosh
IPC分类号： C03B5/16 , B01D53/56 , B01D53/62 , C03B5/04 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/237 , F23C6/04 , F23L15/02 , C03B5/167
CPC分类号： B01D53/62 , B01D53/56 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/237 , F23C6/04 , F23L15/02 , F23C2900/06041 , Y02E20/348 , Y02P40/535 , Y02P40/58
摘要： A method of operating a cross-fired regenerative glass furnace for melting flat glass so as to minimize emission of NOx in waste gases leaving the furnace, the furnace having sealed regenerators which act as heat exchangers, the method comprising supplying fuel in excess of that required for stoichiometric combustion to ensure that glass of the required quality at the required production rate is obtained, and that the waste gases leaving the furnace through the regenerators contain combustible material, and reacting the combustible material with sufficient air to ensure that the waste gases exiting to atmosphere contain permissible levels of combustible material and permissible levels of NOx. Alternatively, the furnace may be operated at substantially stoichiometric conditions and fuel is supplied to the waste gases as they leave the melting chamber. The invention also relates to a cross-fired regenerator glass furnace for use in the method. The invention further provides a method of reducing the emissions of CO in waste gases leaving a cross-fired regenerative glass furnace for melting flat glass, the furnace having sealed regenerators which act as heat exchangers, the method comprising removing CO from the waste gases in the regenerator by combusting CO in around 8% excess air, based on the combustion air for the supplied fuel, at a temperature greater than 650.degree. C.
摘要翻译：一种操作用于熔化平板玻璃的交叉烧成再生玻璃熔炉的方法，以便使离开炉的废气中的NOx的排放最小化，该炉具有作为热交换器的密封再生器，该方法包括提供超过所需的燃料用于化学计量燃烧，以确保获得所需质量的玻璃所需的生产率，并且通过再生器离开炉的废气含有可燃材料，并使可燃材料与足够的空气反应，以确保废气离开气氛含有可燃材料的允许水平和NOx的允许水平。或者，炉可以在基本上化学计量的条件下操作，并且当废气离开熔化室时，燃料被供应给废气。本发明还涉及一种用于该方法的交叉烧制再生器玻璃熔炉。本发明还提供了一种减少废气中CO排放的方法，离开用于熔化平板玻璃的交叉烧制蓄热式玻璃熔炉，该炉具有作为热交换器的密封再生器，该方法包括从废气中除去CO 在大于650℃的温度下，基于用于供给的燃料的燃烧空气将大约8％的过量空气中的CO燃烧，

56. 发明授权

US5051235A Novel palladium-based alloys containing indium bismuth, silver and copper 失效
标题翻译：新型含钯铋，银和铜的钯基合金
公开(公告)号：US5051235A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-24
申请号：US463832
申请日：1990-01-08
申请人： Jean-Paul Guerlet , Dan Weber
发明人： Jean-Paul Guerlet , Dan Weber
IPC分类号： C03B5/42 , C03B5/167 , C03B5/425 , C03B37/095 , C22C5/04
CPC分类号： C03B5/1675 , C03B37/095 , C22C5/04
摘要： The invention relates to a novel palladium-based alloy.This palladium-based alloy comprises at least one additional element selected from indium, bismuth, silver and copper, in an amount sufficient to impart an acceptable resistance to corrosion by molten glass, preferably being essentially equivalent to that of platinum-rhodium 10% alloys.An alloy of this type can be used in the glass industry for making components which come into contact with molten glass, which preferably essentially contains no oxides less stable than the oxide of the additional element, such as lead oxide, because is has an excellent resistance to corrosion by molten glass and is less expensive than the platinum-rhodium 10% alloy normally used. Moreover, by the addition of at least one element selected from platinum (0-50% by weight), rhodium (0-20% by weight), iridium (0-20% by weight), ruthenium (0-20% by weight) and tin (0-20%), the mechanical strength at high temperature, especially the creep strength, is significantly improved.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种新型的钯基合金。这种钯基合金包括至少一种选自铟，铋，银和铜的附加元素，其量足以赋予熔融玻璃的可接受的耐腐蚀性，优选基本上等于铂 - 铑10％合金的量。这种合金可用在玻璃工业中用于制造与熔融玻璃接触的部件，其优选基本上不含氧化物比附加元素的氧化物更不稳定，例如氧化铅，因为具有优异的电阻通过熔融玻璃腐蚀并且比通常使用的铂 - 铑10％合金便宜。此外，通过添加选自铂（0-50重量％），铑（0-20重量％），铱（0-20重量％），钌（0-20重量％）和锡（0-20％），高温下的机械强度，特别是蠕变强度明显提高。

57. 发明授权

US4812372A Refractory metal substrate and coatings therefor 失效
$Refractory metal substrate and coatings therefor$
标题翻译：耐火金属基材及其涂料
公开(公告)号：US4812372A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-14
申请号：US147963
申请日：1988-01-25
申请人： Subhash S. Kithany
发明人： Subhash S. Kithany
IPC分类号： C03B5/167 , C03B5/20 , C03B37/095 , C23C30/00 , B32B15/01 , C03B5/42
CPC分类号： C03B37/095 , C03B5/1672 , C03B5/20 , C23C30/00 , Y10T428/12833
摘要： A refractory metal substrate suitable for use in contact with an oxygen- or nitrogen-containing environment at a temperature greater than the oxidation or mitridation acceleration temperature of the substrate is disclosed. The refractory metal substrate comprises a refractory metal comprised of molybdenum and having a coating comprised of chromium metal. In an alternative embodiment the refractory metal can be an alloy comprised of in weight percent: from about 10 to about 20 chromium, from about 0 to about 5 alumina (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3), from about 0 to about 1 yttria (Y.sub.2 O.sub.3), from about 0 to about 0.5 titanium, from about 0 to about 0.1 zirconium, the balance being essentially molybdenum to make 100% of the composition; and, optionally having a coating of chromium metal.
摘要翻译：公开了一种适合用于与含氧或含氮环境接触的难熔金属基底，其温度大于基底的氧化或加速加速温度。难熔金属基材包括由钼构成的难熔金属，并具有由铬金属构成的涂层。在替代实施例中，难熔金属可以是由重量百分比：约10至约20铬，约0至约5氧化铝（Al 2 O 3），约0至约1氧化钇（Y 2 O 3），约0 约0.5钛，约0至约0.1的锆，余量基本上为钼，以制成100％的组成; 和任选地具有铬金属的涂层。

58. 发明授权

US4684616A Methods for the removal and/or prevention of build-up of slag and composition for use in said methods 失效
标题翻译：用于去除和/或防止用于所述方法的炉渣和组合物堆积的方法
公开(公告)号：US4684616A
公开(公告)日：1987-08-04
申请号：US833532
申请日：1986-02-24
申请人： Patrick J. Trears
发明人： Patrick J. Trears
IPC分类号： C03B5/167 , C03B5/237 , F28F19/00 , F28G13/00 , C03B40/02
CPC分类号： C03B5/1672 , C03B5/237 , F28F19/00 , F28G13/00 , Y02P40/535
摘要： Use of borax in the removal of and/or to prevent the build-up of slag on heat transfer surfaces in glass manufacture and allied industries. The borax may be used in association with a minor amount of a transition metal acetylacetonate. The borax is preferably applied directly onto the heat recuperator tubes.
摘要翻译：在玻璃制造和相关行业中，使用硼砂去除和/或防止炉渣在热传递表面积聚。硼砂可以与少量的过渡金属乙酰丙酮化合物一起使用。硼砂优选直接应用于热交换器管上。

59. 发明授权

US4444728A Iridium-rhenium crucible 失效
标题翻译：铱坩埚
公开(公告)号：US4444728A
公开(公告)日：1984-04-24
申请号：US341422
申请日：1982-01-21
申请人： Richard D. Lanam , Allen R. Robertson , Edward D. Zysk
发明人： Richard D. Lanam , Allen R. Robertson , Edward D. Zysk
IPC分类号： C30B13/14 , C03B5/167 , C30B15/00 , C30B15/10 , C30B29/28 , C30B35/00 , H01F10/26
CPC分类号： C03B5/1675 , C30B15/00 , C30B15/10 , C30B29/28 , Y10S117/90
摘要： A crucible for preparing a single crystal which comprises an iridium-rhenium alloy comprised of from about 80 to about 99 parts of iridium and from about 1 to about 20 parts of rhenium. The crucible has excellent creep resistance and compatability properties and is especially useful for the preparation of gadolinium-gallium-garnet crystal.
摘要翻译：一种用于制备单晶的坩埚，其包含由约80至约99份铱和约1至约20份铼组成的铱合金。坩埚具有优异的耐蠕变性和相容性，并且特别适用于制备钆镓石榴石晶体。

60. 发明授权

US4366571A Electric furnace construction 失效
标题翻译：电炉施工
公开(公告)号：US4366571A
公开(公告)日：1982-12-28
申请号：US243811
申请日：1981-03-16
申请人： Ronald W. Palmquist
发明人： Ronald W. Palmquist
IPC分类号： F27B14/00 , C03B5/027 , C03B5/03 , C03B5/167 , C03B5/235 , C03B5/42 , C03B5/425 , F27D1/00 , F27D7/06
CPC分类号： C03B5/425 , C03B5/0275
摘要： A method and apparatus for melting thermoplastic material is disclosed utilizing, in a preferred embodiment, a vessel having a bottom wall and upstanding sidewalls. A protective liner for the vessel is provided, being formed of corrosion resistant material. The furnace may include both through-the-batch and floor electrodes, and also hot spot fining to a conductive outlet channel.A method is set forth for operating the furnace described herein utilizing symmetrical, below the batch heat dissipation for accelerated melting. In order to protect the liner, which in some instances may be fabricated from an oxidizable refractory metal, start-up burners are operated under a reduced oxygen supply.
摘要翻译：在优选实施例中，公开了一种用于熔化热塑性材料的方法和装置，该容器具有底壁和直立的侧壁。提供用于容器的保护衬垫，由耐腐蚀材料形成。炉子可以包括批次和地板电极两者，并且还可以将热点澄清到导电出口通道。提出了一种用于操作本文所述的炉子的方法，其中使用对称的，低于用于加速熔化的批散热。为了保护在一些情况下可由可氧化的难熔金属制造的衬里，起动燃烧器在减少的氧气供应下运行。

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