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51. 发明授权

US06477223B1 Tomographic apparatus and method 有权
标题翻译：断层扫描仪和方法
公开(公告)号：US06477223B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-05
申请号：US09551603
申请日：2000-04-17
申请人： Tom Francke
发明人： Tom Francke
IPC分类号： A61B600
CPC分类号： A61B6/032 , G01T1/185 , G01T1/2928 , G01T1/2985 , H01J47/02
摘要： A tomographic apparatus for constructing a two-dimensional image of a cut (35) through an object comprises a source (3) for providing a planar beam of radiation so that the beam passes through said object, and thus defines said cut; a detector (9) positioned opposite said source and aligned therewith for detecting the radiation not absorbed or scattered by said object; an arrangement for causing relative movement, between said object and said source and detector combination about an axis of rotation (44) that is perpendicular to said cut through said object; a reconstruction device (39) coupled to said detector for performing a reconstruction process based upon non-absorbed and non-scattered radiation detected by said detector at a plurality of different relative positions between said object and said source and detector combination as reached by said movement causing arrangement, wherein said reconstruction device converts values of non-absorbed and non-scattered radiation into values of absorbed radiation in each of an arbitrarily large number of voxels selected within said cut; and a display (41) coupled to said reconstruction device for projecting a two-dimensional image of said amounts of absorbed radiation. The detector comprises a chamber (13) filled with an ionizable substance, and including a first (17, 18) and a second (27, 29) electrode arrangement, substantially in parallel with each other; a radiation entrance (33) arranged such that the planar radiation beam (1) can enter the chamber between and substantially in parallel with the first and second electrode arrangements and ionize the ionizable substance; an electron avalanche amplification arrangement (15) for avalanche amplification of electrons created during ionization; and a read-out arrangement (27) for detection of the electron avalanches and/or correspondingly produced ions.
摘要翻译：用于通过物体构建切口（35）的二维图像的断层摄影装置包括用于提供平面射线束的光源（3），使得光束通过所述物体，从而限定所述切割; 与所述源相对定位并与其对准的检测器（9），用于检测不被所述物体吸收或散射的辐射; 用于在所述物体和所述源和检测器组合之间围绕垂直于穿过所述物体的所述切割的旋转轴线（44）引起相对运动的装置; 耦合到所述检测器的重建装置（39），用于基于由所述检测器在由所述运动达到的所述物体与所述源和检测器组合之间的多个不同相对位置处检测到的非吸收和非散射辐射进行重建过程其中所述重建装置将非吸收和非散射辐射的值转换成在所述切割中选择的任意大量体素的每一个中的吸收辐射值; 以及耦合到所述重建装置的用于投影所述吸收辐射量的二维图像的显示器（41）。检测器包括填充有可电离物质的腔室（13），并且包括基本上彼此平行的第一（17,18）和第二（27,29）电极装置; 布置成使得所述平面辐射束（1）可以在所述第一和第二电极装置之间并基本上与所述第一和第二电极装置平行进入所述腔室并电离所述可电离物质的辐射入口（33）用于在电离期间产生的电子的雪崩放大的电子雪崩放大装置（15）; 以及用于检测电子雪崩和/或相应产生的离子的读出装置（27）。

52. 发明申请

US20020149305A1 Diagnostic and therapeutic detector system for imaging with low and high energy X-rays and electrons 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于利用低能量和高能X射线和电子成像的诊断和治疗检测器系统
公开(公告)号：US20020149305A1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-17
申请号：US10166197
申请日：2002-06-11
发明人： Mats Danielsson , Anders Brahme
IPC分类号： H01J043/00
CPC分类号： H01J47/02 , A61N5/1048 , A61N2005/1054 , G01T1/185
摘要： A detector unit for detecting photons in the energy range 1 keV to 100 MeV, includes at least two converter layers adapted to interact with incident X-ray photons and to cause electrons to be emitted therefrom, at least one amplifier adapted to interact with the electrons emitted from the converters and adapted to produce a multiplicity of secondary electrons and photons representing a signal proportional to the incident fluence of X-ray photons, a connector connecting the detector to an electric field generator providing an electric drift field for secondary electrons in the detector, and a sensor device arranged to receive the signal and provide an input to electronic signal processor.
摘要翻译：用于检测能量范围为1keV至100MeV的光子的检测器单元包括适于与入射的X射线光子相互作用并使电子从其发射的至少两个转换器层，适于与电子相互作用的至少一个放大器从转换器发射并且适于产生多个二次电子和光子，其表示与X射线光子的入射注量成正比的信号;将检测器连接到电场发生器的连接器，该电场产生器为检测器中的二次电子提供电漂移场以及传感器装置，被布置成接收信号并向电子信号处理器提供输入。

53. 发明授权

US06452190B1 Radiation detector provided with an absorption chamber and a plurality of avalanche chambers 失效
标题翻译：辐射检测器具有吸收室和多个雪崩室
公开(公告)号：US06452190B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-17
申请号：US09621523
申请日：2000-07-21
申请人： Hendrik Johannes Jan Bolk , Klaus Bethke
发明人： Hendrik Johannes Jan Bolk , Klaus Bethke
IPC分类号： G01T118
CPC分类号： G01N23/20 , G01T1/185 , H01J47/02 , H01J2237/24415
摘要： In order to obtain suitable absorption of the radiation to be detected in the detector gas of a radiation detector, in particular an X-ray detector, the detector is constructed in such a way that the radiation enters the detector parallel to the counting wire, thus offering an absorption path having any desired length. According to the invention, a number of avalanche chambers 50 is arranged adjacent the absorption chamber 46, said avalanche chambers having a comparatively small cross-section. The avalanche chambers are provided with grids 54 in such a way that charge multiplication by the grid voltage can occur only in the avalanche chamber. Due to the comparatively small cross-section of the avalanche chambers, broadening of the current impulses to be detected is prevented. Moreover, the comparatively long absorption chamber offers good radiation absorption and the presence of several avalanche chambers enables a favourable detection rate.
摘要翻译：为了在放射线检测器，特别是X射线检测器的检测器气体中获得对待检测的辐射的适当吸收，检测器被构造成使得辐射与计数线平行地进入检测器，因此提供具有任何期望长度的吸收路径。根据本发明，多个雪崩室50邻近吸收室46设置，所述雪崩室具有较小的横截面。雪崩室设置有栅格54，使得电网电压的充电只能在雪崩室中发生。由于雪崩室的相对较小的横截面，防止了要检测的电流脉冲的变宽。此外，相对较长的吸收室提供良好的辐射吸收，并且几个雪崩室的存在使得能够获得良好的检测率。

54. 发明授权

US06385282B1 Radiation detector and an apparatus for use in radiography 失效
标题翻译：辐射检测器和用于放射线照相术的装置
公开(公告)号：US06385282B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-07
申请号：US09443320
申请日：1999-11-19
申请人： Tom Francke , Vladimir Peskov , Christer Ullberg
发明人： Tom Francke , Vladimir Peskov , Christer Ullberg
IPC分类号： G01F166
CPC分类号： G01T1/185 , H01J47/02
摘要： A detector for detection of ionizing radiation, and an apparatus for use in planar beam radiography, including such a detector. The detector includes a chamber filled with an ionizable gas. First and second electrode arrangements are provided in the chamber with a space therebetween. The space includes a conversion volume, an electron avalanche amplification unit arranged in the chamber, and at least one arrangement of read-out elements for detection of electron avalanches. To reduce the effect of possible spark discharges in the chamber, at least one of the first and second electrode arrangements includes a resistive material having a surface facing the other electrode arrangement.
摘要翻译：用于电离辐射检测的检测器，以及包括这种检测器在内的平面射线照相术中使用的装置。检测器包括填充有可电离气体的室。第一和第二电极布置在腔室中设置有间隙。该空间包括转换体积，布置在室中的电子雪崩放大单元以及用于检测电子雪崩的读出元件的至少一个排列。为了减小腔室中可能的火花放电的影响，第一和第二电极装置中的至少一个包括具有面向另一电极装置的表面的电阻材料。

55. 发明授权

US06365901B1 Relating to monitoring ion sources 失效
标题翻译：关于监测离子源
公开(公告)号：US06365901B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-02
申请号：US09307222
申请日：1999-05-07
申请人： Christopher Henry Orr , Craig Janson Luff , Thomas Dockray , Duncan Whittemore Macarthur , John Alan Bounds
发明人： Christopher Henry Orr , Craig Janson Luff , Thomas Dockray , Duncan Whittemore Macarthur , John Alan Bounds
IPC分类号： G01T118
CPC分类号： G01T1/185
摘要： The apparatus and method provide techniques for monitoring the position on alpha contamination in or on items or locations. The technique is particularly applicable to pipes, conduits and other locations to which access is difficult. The technique uses indirect monitoring of alpha emissions by detecting ions generated by the alpha emissions. The medium containing the ions is moved in a controlled manner frog in proximity with the item or location to the detecting unit and the signals achieved over time are used to generate alpha source position information.
摘要翻译：该装置和方法提供用于监测物品或位置中或物体上的α污染位置的技术。该技术特别适用于难以进入的管道，管道和其他位置。该技术通过检测由α辐射产生的离子来间接监测α辐射。含有离子的介质以受控的方式移动到接近检测单元的物品或位置的青蛙，并且使用随时间实现的信号来产生α源位置信息。

56. 发明授权

US06359280B1 Detectors 失效
标题翻译：探测器
公开(公告)号：US06359280B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-19
申请号：US09307370
申请日：1999-05-07
申请人： Christopher Henry Orr , Craig Janson Luff , Thomas Dockray , Duncan Whittemore Macarthur , John Alan Bounds , Krag Allander
发明人： Christopher Henry Orr , Craig Janson Luff , Thomas Dockray , Duncan Whittemore Macarthur , John Alan Bounds , Krag Allander
IPC分类号： G01T118
CPC分类号： G01T1/175 , G01T1/185 , G01T7/00
摘要： The apparatus and method provide techniques through which both alpha and beta emission determinations can be made simultaneously using a simple detector structure. The technique uses a beta detector covered in an electrically conducting material, the electrically conducting material discharging ions generated by alpha emissions, and as a consequence providing a measure of those alpha emissions. The technique also offers improved mountings for alpha detectors and other forms of detectors against vibration and the consequential effects vibration has on measurement accuracy.
摘要翻译：该装置和方法提供了可以使用简单的检测器结构同时进行α和β发射测定的技术。该技术使用覆盖在导电材料中的β检测器，导电材料排放由α发射产生的离子，并因此提供这些α辐射的测量。该技术还提供了用于α检测器和其他形式的检测器抵抗振动的改进的安装，以及振动对测量精度的相应影响。

57. 发明申请

US20020008206A1 Ion monitoring 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：US20020008206A1
公开(公告)日：2002-01-24
申请号：US09930899
申请日：2001-08-15
申请人： British Nuclear Fuels, PLC
发明人： Christopher Henry Orr , Craig Janson Luff , Thomas Dockray , Duncan Whittemore Macarthur
IPC分类号： G01T001/18
CPC分类号： G01T1/169 , G01T1/185 , H01J47/02
摘要： The apparatus and method provide a technique for significantly reducing capacitance effects in detector electrodes arising due to movement of the instrument relative to the item/location being monitored in ion detection based techniques. The capacitance variations are rendered less significant by placing an electrically conducting element between the detector electrodes and the monitored location/item. Improved sensitivity and reduced noise signals arise as a result. The technique also provides apparatus and method suitable for monitoring elongate items which are unsuited to complete enclosure in one go within a chamber. The items are monitored part by part as the pass through the instrument, so increasing the range of items or locations which can be successfully monitored.

58. 发明授权

US06207958B1 Multimedia detectors for medical imaging 失效
标题翻译：用于医学成像的多媒体检测器
公开(公告)号：US06207958B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-27
申请号：US09117925
申请日：1998-08-10
申请人： George C. Giakos
发明人： George C. Giakos
IPC分类号： G01T1185
CPC分类号： G01T1/185 , G01T1/2935 , H01J47/02
摘要： The application of gas-detection principles on both dual-energy detection, such as for chest radiography and mammorgraphy, and quantitative autoradiography enhances dramatically the image quality of the digital dual-energy detector with great implications in general-purpose digital radiography, computer assisted tomography (CT), microtomography and x-ray microscopy, and offers notable advantages over film autoradiography with a higher sensitivity, much lower exposure times, as well as imaging access at the cellular level. A gas microstrip detector receives incident radiation through a subject to generate an image. The detector includes a substrate having on a first surface a plurality of alternating anodes and cathodes, a detector cathode spaced apart from and opposing the substrate, and a zone for dispensing a gaseous medium between the substrate and the detector cathode and for receiving incident radiation imparted through the subject.
摘要翻译：气体检测原理在双能量检测（例如胸部X线摄影和乳房造影术）和定量放射自显影中的应用显着增强了数字双能量检测器的图像质量，对通用数字射线照相术，计算机辅助断层摄影（CT），微影像学和X射线显微术，并且具有比具有更高灵敏度，低得多的曝光时间以及细胞水平的成像进入的电影放射自显影的显着优点。气体微带检测器通过对象接收入射辐射以产生图像。检测器包括在第一表面上具有多个交替的阳极和阴极的衬底，与衬底间隔开并与衬底相对的检测器阴极，以及用于在衬底和检测器阴极之间分配气体介质的区域，并用于接收所施加的入射辐射通过主题。

59. 发明授权

US6118125A Method and a device for planar beam radiography and a radiation detector 失效
标题翻译：方法和用于平面射线照相和辐射探测器的装置
公开(公告)号：US6118125A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-12
申请号：US969554
申请日：1997-11-13
申请人： Per Carlson , Tom Francke , Alexandre Vaniachine , Vladimir Ivotchkine
发明人： Per Carlson , Tom Francke , Alexandre Vaniachine , Vladimir Ivotchkine
IPC分类号： A61B6/00 , G01T1/185 , H05G1/64 , H01J47/02
CPC分类号： G01T1/185 , H05G1/64
摘要： A method and apparatus for radiography, and especially for planar beam radiography, and also a detector for detecting incident radiation. In the method and the apparatus, wherein X-rays are emitted from an X-ray source, the X-rays are formed into a planar beam and are transmitted through an object to be imaged, and the X-rays transmitted through said object are detected in a detector. The detector, which detects incident radiation is a gaseous parallel plate avalanche chamber, including electrode arrangements between which a voltage is applied for creating an electrical field, which causes electron-ion avalanches of primary and secondary ionization electrons released by incident radiation. The detector is oriented, in relation to the incident radiation, so that the radiation enters sideways between a first and a second parallel plate, between which the electrical field is created. Electrical signals induced by said electron-ion avalanches are detected in at least one detector electrode arrangement, including a plurality of detector electrode elements arranged adjacent to each other, each along a direction being essentially parallel to the incident radiation. Pulses from each detector electrode element are processed in processing electronics, for obtaining values for each pixel corresponding to the respective detector electrode element.
摘要翻译：一种用于放射线照相术，特别是用于平面射线照相术的方法和装置，以及用于检测入射辐射的检测器。在从X射线源发射X射线的方法和装置中，X射线被形成为平面光束，并被透射通过待成像的物体，并且通过所述物体透射的X射线为在检测器中检测。检测入射辐射的检测器是气体平行板雪崩室，其包括施加电压以产生电场的电极布置，其引起由入射辐射释放的初级和次级电离电子的电子 - 离子雪崩。检测器相对于入射辐射定向，使得辐射在第一和第二平行板之间横向进入，在其间产生电场。在至少一个检测器电极装置中检测由所述电子离子雪崩引起的电信号，包括彼此相邻布置的多个检测器电极元件，每个检测器电极元件沿着基本上平行于入射辐射的方向。来自每个检测器电极元件的脉冲在处理电子器件中被处理，以获得对应于各个检测器电极元件的每个像素的值。

60. 发明授权

US5880477A Method of real time control of ionizing radiation dose rate and device for using same 失效
标题翻译：电离辐射剂量率实时控制方法及使用方法
公开(公告)号：US5880477A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-09
申请号：US659930
申请日：1996-06-07
申请人： Philippe Jean-Pierre Perilleux , Robert Soubie
发明人： Philippe Jean-Pierre Perilleux , Robert Soubie
IPC分类号： G01N23/14 , B29C35/02 , B29C35/08 , G01T1/02 , G01T1/185 , H01J37/252 , H01J49/44
CPC分类号： B29C35/0288 , G01T1/02 , G01T1/185 , B29C2035/0844 , B29C2037/903 , B29C35/0866
摘要： A method and apparatus for real time control of the dose rate of particles or ionizing radiation, especially X-ray radiation, generated from an electron linear gun and applied to objects for various purposes. The method involves sampling continuously, using an appropriate ionization chamber having planar electrodes, placed in the field of particles or ionizing radiation, the current for collecting the load between the electrodes. Thus, the instantaneous does rate of the radiation is represented by the collecting current. Using an appropriate shielded conducting system, the collecting current is directed to an amplification and measurement circuit arranged outside of the irradiation zone. The intensities of the current are translated into dose rate values. The does rate values are then processed and/or displayed and/or recorded. The invention can be applied to the polymerization of resins of composite materials.
摘要翻译：一种用于实时控制由电子线性枪产生的颗粒或电离辐射（特别是X射线辐射）的剂量率并用于各种目的的物体的方法和装置。该方法包括连续采样，使用放置在颗粒或电离辐射场中的具有平面电极的合适的电离室，用于收集电极之间负载的电流。因此，辐射的瞬时速率由收集电流表示。使用适当的屏蔽导电系统，集电电流被引导到布置在照射区外部的放大和测量电路。电流强度转化为剂量率值。然后，对速率值进行处理和/或显示和/或记录。本发明可应用于复合材料树脂的聚合。

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