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51. 发明授权

US5676904A Thermal stereolithography 失效
标题翻译：热立体光刻
公开(公告)号：US5676904A
公开(公告)日：1997-10-14
申请号：US457958
申请日：1995-06-01
申请人： Thomas A. Almquist , Dennis R. Smalley
发明人： Thomas A. Almquist , Dennis R. Smalley
IPC分类号： B29C41/12 , B29C41/36 , B29C67/00 , G03C9/08 , G03F7/00 , G03F7/20 , B29C35/08 , B29C41/02
CPC分类号： B29C67/0066 , B29C41/12 , B29C41/36 , B29C67/0062 , B29C67/0074 , B29C67/0092 , G03F7/0037 , G03F7/70375 , G05B2219/49013 , G05B2219/49015 , G05B2219/49039
摘要： Apparatus for and related methods of forming three-dimensional objects out of a building material, which is normally solid, but which is flowable when heated. In one embodiment, a support material is used to fill in portions of layers which are not to be solidified as part of the object, thus providing support to otherwise unsupported portions of other layers. Advantageously, the support material is also normally solid and flowable when heated, and has a lower melting point than the building material enabling the support material to later be removed without damaging the object. In an alternative embodiment this support material can be used to build a support such as a web support, or the like, for supporting an object surface from a second surface. In another alternative embodiment, such an apparatus is combined with a conventional stereolithographic apparatus to provide means for forming an object out of conventional stereolithographic materials, but utilizing a normally solid but thermally-flowable support material to provide support to the object, either on a layer-by layer basis, or by building supports such as web supports.
摘要翻译：从建筑材料中形成三维物体的装置和相关方法，其通常是固体，但是当加热时它是可流动的。在一个实施例中，支撑材料用于填充不被凝固的部分层，作为物体的一部分，从而为其它层的其它未支撑的部分提供支撑。有利地，支撑材料在加热时也通常是固体和可流动的，并且具有比建筑材料低的熔点，使得能够在不损坏物体的情况下移除支撑材料。在替代实施例中，该支撑材料可用于构建支撑件，例如幅材支撑件等，用于从第二表面支撑物体表面。在另一替代实施例中，这种装置与传统的立体光刻设备组合以提供用于从常规立体光刻材料形成物体的装置，但是使用通常为固体但热可流动的支撑材料来提供对物体的支撑，或通过构建诸如web支持的支持。

52. 发明授权

US5345391A Method and apparatus for production of high resolution three-dimensional objects by stereolithography 失效
标题翻译：通过立体光刻技术生产高分辨率三维物体的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5345391A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-06
申请号：US861210
申请日：1992-03-31
申请人： Charles W. Hull , Stuart T. Spence , David J. Albert , Dennis R. Smalley , Richard A. Harlow , Phil Stinebaugh , Harry L. Tarnoff , Hop D. Nguyen , Charles W. Lewis , Tom J. Vorgitch , David Z. Remba
发明人： Charles W. Hull , Stuart T. Spence , David J. Albert , Dennis R. Smalley , Richard A. Harlow , Phil Stinebaugh , Harry L. Tarnoff , Hop D. Nguyen , Charles W. Lewis , Tom J. Vorgitch , David Z. Remba
IPC分类号： B29C35/08 , B29C67/00 , B29K105/24 , G01J1/42 , G03C9/08 , G03F7/00 , G03F7/20 , G06F17/50 , G06T17/00 , G06T17/10 , G06T17/20 , G06F15/46
CPC分类号： B29C67/0066 , B29C67/0062 , B29C67/0088 , B29C67/0092 , G01J1/4257 , G03F7/0037 , G03F7/70416 , G06T17/00 , G06T17/10 , G06T17/20 , B29K2995/0073 , G05B2219/49013
摘要： An improved stereolithography system for generating a three-dimensional object by creating a cross-sectional pattern of the object to be formed at a selected surface of a fluid medium capable of altering its physical state in response to appropriate synergistic stimulation by impinging radiation, particle bombardment or chemical reaction, information defining the object being specially processed to reduce curl and distortion, and increase resolution, strength, accuracy, speed and economy of reproduction even for rather difficult object shapes, the successive adjacent laminae, representing corresponding successive adjacent cross-sections of the object, being automatically formed and integrated together to provide a step-wise laminar buildup of the desired object, whereby a three-dimensional object is formed and drawn from a substantially planar surface of the fluid medium during the forming process.
摘要翻译：一种改进的立体光刻系统，用于通过在能够响应于通过撞击辐射的适当的协同刺激来改变其物理状态的流体介质的选定表面处形成待形成的物体的横截面图案来产生三维物体，颗粒轰击或化学反应，定义被特殊处理的物体的信息以减少卷曲和变形，并且即使对于相当困难的物体形状也增加分辨率，强度，精度，速度和经济性，连续的相邻层，表示相应的相邻的相邻横截面该物体被自动地形成并且集成在一起以提供期望物体的逐层层叠，从而在成形过程中从流体介质的基本上平坦的表面形成三维物体并从其中抽出。

53. 发明授权

US5258146A Method of and apparatus for measuring and controlling fluid level in stereolithography 失效
标题翻译：用于测量和控制立体光刻中液位的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5258146A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-02
申请号：US880190
申请日：1992-05-06
申请人： Thomas A. Almquist , Borzo Modrek , Paul F. Jacobs , Charles W. Lewis , Mark A. Lewis , Abraham Liran , Adam L. Cohen , Dennis R. Smalley
发明人： Thomas A. Almquist , Borzo Modrek , Paul F. Jacobs , Charles W. Lewis , Mark A. Lewis , Abraham Liran , Adam L. Cohen , Dennis R. Smalley
IPC分类号： B29C35/08 , B29C41/02 , B29C41/12 , B29C41/52 , B29C67/00 , G01F23/292 , G01F23/36 , G05D9/12
CPC分类号： G05D9/12 , B29C41/12 , B29C67/0066 , G01F23/2921 , G01F23/366 , B29K2995/0073 , Y10T156/17
摘要： Improved apparatus and methods for forming a layer of material over a surface of a previously-formed cross-section of a three-dimensional object in anticipation of forming a next cross-section of the object out of the layer. A volume of material, including at least some excess material, is placed over the surface, and the excess material is swept off by placing the excess material in the predetermined path of a sweeping member, the path being substantially in a plane spaced from a working surface of material. The member may be directed to sweep the excess material away through a successive number of sweeps, which may vary for each cross-section, at least a velocity which may vary for each sweep. Additionally, the clearance between the member and the surface of the previous cross-section may vary for each sweep. A "winged" member is also provided, comprising two legs extending from a base, and a "Trident" embodiment is also provided, comprising three legs extending from a base.
摘要翻译：改进的用于在三维物体的预先形成的横截面的表面上形成材料层的装置和方法，以期将物体的下一个横截面形成在该层之外。将一定体积的材料（包括至少一些多余的材料）放置在表面上，并且通过将多余的材料放置在扫掠构件的预定路径中来清除多余的材料，该路径基本上处于与工作材料表面。该构件可以被引导以通过连续数量的扫描来扫过多余的材料，该扫描对于每个横截面可以变化，至少每个扫描可能变化的速度。此外，构件和前一横截面的表面之间的间隙可以针对每个扫掠而变化。还提供了一个“翼形”构件，其包括从基座延伸的两个腿部，并且还提供了“三叉戟”实施例，其包括从底座延伸的三个腿部。

54. 发明授权

US5141680A Thermal stereolighography 失效
标题翻译：热立体定向
公开(公告)号：US5141680A
公开(公告)日：1992-08-25
申请号：US592559
申请日：1990-10-04
申请人： Thomas A. Almquist , Dennis R. Smalley
发明人： Thomas A. Almquist , Dennis R. Smalley
IPC分类号： B29C41/12 , B29C41/36 , B29C67/00 , G03C9/08 , G03F7/00 , G03F7/20
CPC分类号： B29C67/0066 , B29C41/12 , B29C41/36 , B29C67/0062 , B29C67/0074 , B29C67/0092 , G03F7/0037 , G03F7/70375 , G05B2219/49013 , G05B2219/49015 , G05B2219/49039
摘要： Apparatus for and related methods of forming three-dimensional objects out of a building material, which is normally solid but which is flowable when heated. In one embodiment a support material is used to fill in portions of layers which are not to be solidified as part of the object to provide support to otherwise unsupported portions of other layers. Advantageously, the support material is also normally solid and flowable when heated, and has a lower melting point than the building material enabling the support material to later be removed without damaging the object. In an alternative embodiment this support material can be used to build a support such as a web support or the like for supporting an object surface from a second surface. In another alternative embodiment such an apparatus is combined with a conventional stereolithographic apparatus to provide means for forming an object out of conventional stereolithographic materials, but utilizing a normally solid but thermally-flowable support material to provide support to the object, either on a layer-by-layer basis, or by building supports such as web supports.
摘要翻译：在建筑材料中形成三维物体的装置和相关方法，其通常是固体，但是当加热时可流动。在一个实施例中，支撑材料用于填充不被固化的层的部分，作为物体的一部分，以提供对其它层的其它未支撑部分的支撑。有利地，支撑材料在加热时也通常是固体和可流动的，并且具有比建筑材料低的熔点，使得能够在不损坏物体的情况下移除支撑材料。在替代实施例中，该支撑材料可以用于构建支撑件，例如用于从第二表面支撑物体表面的腹板支撑件等。在另一个替代实施例中，这种装置与传统的立体光刻设备组合以提供用于通过常规立体光刻材料形成物体的装置，但是使用通常为固体但热可流动的支撑材料来提供对物体的支撑，或通过构建诸如web支持之类的支持。

55. 发明授权

US09244101B2 Electrochemical fabrication process for forming multilayer multimaterial microprobe structures 有权
公开(公告)号：US09244101B2
公开(公告)日：2016-01-26
申请号：US12431680
申请日：2009-04-28
申请人： Adam L. Cohen , Ananda H. Kumar , Michael S. Lockard , Dennis R. Smalley
发明人： Adam L. Cohen , Ananda H. Kumar , Michael S. Lockard , Dennis R. Smalley
IPC分类号： C25D5/02 , C25D5/48 , C23C28/02 , G01R3/00 , G01R1/067 , H01L21/48 , C25D1/00 , C23C18/16
CPC分类号： G01R3/00 , C23C18/1605 , C23C18/1651 , C25D1/003 , C25D5/02 , C25D5/10 , G01R1/06716 , G01R1/06744 , G01R1/06755 , H01L21/4853
摘要： Some embodiments of the invention are directed to the electrochemical fabrication of microprobes which are formed from a core material and a material that partially coats the surface of the probe. Other embodiments are directed to the electrochemical fabrication of microprobes which are formed from a core material and a material that completely coats the surface of each layer from which the probe is formed including interlayer regions. These first two groups of embodiments incorporate both the core material and the coating material during the formation of each layer. Still other embodiments are directed to the electrochemical fabrication of microprobe arrays that are partially encapsulated by a dielectric material during a post layer formation coating process. In even further embodiments, the electrochemical fabrication of microprobes from two or more materials may occur by incorporating a coating material around each layer of the structure without locating the coating material in inter-layer regions.

56. 发明申请

US20150368820A9 Electrochemical Fabrication Process for Forming Multilayer Multimaterial Microprobe Structures 有权
公开(公告)号：US20150368820A9
公开(公告)日：2015-12-24
申请号：US12431680
申请日：2009-04-28
申请人： Adam L. Cohen , Ananda H. Kumar , Michael S. Lockard , Dennis R. Smalley
发明人： Adam L. Cohen , Ananda H. Kumar , Michael S. Lockard , Dennis R. Smalley
IPC分类号： C25D5/02 , C25D5/10 , B32B38/10
CPC分类号： G01R3/00 , C23C18/1605 , C23C18/1651 , C25D1/003 , C25D5/02 , C25D5/10 , G01R1/06716 , G01R1/06744 , G01R1/06755 , H01L21/4853
摘要： Some embodiments of the invention are directed to the electrochemical fabrication of microprobes which are formed from a core material and a material that partially coats the surface of the probe. Other embodiments are directed to the electrochemical fabrication of microprobes which are formed from a core material and a material that completely coats the surface of each layer from which the probe is formed including interlayer regions. These first two groups of embodiments incorporate both the core material and the coating material during the formation of each layer. Still other embodiments are directed to the electrochemical fabrication of microprobe arrays that are partially encapsulated by a dielectric material during a post layer formation coating process. In even further embodiments, the electrochemical fabrication of microprobes from two or more materials may occur by incorporating a coating material around each layer of the structure without locating the coating material in inter-layer regions.

57. 发明授权

US08729916B2 Methods of creating probe structures from a plurality of planar layers 有权
标题翻译：从多个平面层产生探针结构的方法
公开(公告)号：US08729916B2
公开(公告)日：2014-05-20
申请号：US13273897
申请日：2011-10-14
申请人： Richard T. Chen , Ezekiel J. J. Kruglick , Christopher A. Bang , Dennis R. Smalley , Pavel B. Lembrikov
发明人： Richard T. Chen , Ezekiel J. J. Kruglick , Christopher A. Bang , Dennis R. Smalley , Pavel B. Lembrikov
IPC分类号： G01R31/00
CPC分类号： C25D5/02 , G01R1/0483 , G01R1/06711 , G01R1/06716 , G01R1/06727 , G01R1/06738 , G01R1/06744 , G01R1/06755 , G01R1/07342 , G01R1/07357 , G01R3/00 , G01R31/2886
摘要： Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to compliant probe structures for making temporary or permanent contact with electronic circuits and the like. Some embodiments are directed to various designs of cantilever-like probe structures while other embodiments are directed to methods for fabricating probe structures. In some embodiments, methods are used to form probe structures from a plurality of planar multi-material layers wherein each probe structure includes a contact tip and a compliant body wherein a portion of the complaint body is formed, then the contact tip is formed and then finally the rest of the compliant body is formed, wherein the compliant body provides for elastic compression of the probe in a plane of primary motion during use and wherein during formation of the layers a stacking direction of the plurality of layers is perpendicular to the plane of primary motion.
摘要翻译：本文公开的实施例涉及用于与电子电路等进行临时或永久接触的柔性探针结构。一些实施例涉及悬臂式探针结构的各种设计，而其他实施例涉及用于制造探针结构的方法。在一些实施例中，使用方法来从多个平面多材料层形成探针结构，其中每个探针结构包括接触尖端和柔顺体，其中形成了部分投诉体，然后形成接触尖端，然后形成最后形成柔性体的其余部分，其中顺应性主体在使用期间在主运动平面中提供探针的弹性压缩，并且其中在层的形成期间，多个层的堆叠方向垂直于主要运动。

58. 发明授权

US08723543B2 Methods of creating probe structures from a plurality of planar layers 有权
标题翻译：从多个平面层产生探针结构的方法
公开(公告)号：US08723543B2
公开(公告)日：2014-05-13
申请号：US13273873
申请日：2011-10-14
申请人： Richard T. Chen , Ezekiel J. J. Kruglick , Christopher A. Bang , Dennis R. Smalley , Pavel B. Lembrikov
发明人： Richard T. Chen , Ezekiel J. J. Kruglick , Christopher A. Bang , Dennis R. Smalley , Pavel B. Lembrikov
IPC分类号： G01R31/00
CPC分类号： C25D5/02 , G01R1/0483 , G01R1/06711 , G01R1/06716 , G01R1/06727 , G01R1/06738 , G01R1/06744 , G01R1/06755 , G01R1/07342 , G01R1/07357 , G01R3/00 , G01R31/2886
摘要： Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to compliant probe structures for making temporary or permanent contact with electronic circuits and the like. Some embodiments are directed to various designs of cantilever-like probe structures while other embodiments are directed to methods for fabricating probe structures. In some embodiments, methods are used to form probe structures from a plurality of planar multi-material layers wherein each probe structure includes a contact tip, a compliant body, and a bonding material that can be used in bonding the probe to a substrate and wherein the compliant body provides for elastic compression of the probe in a plane of primary motion during use and wherein during formation of the layers a stacking direction of the plurality of layers is perpendicular to the plane of primary motion.
摘要翻译：本文公开的实施例涉及用于与电子电路等进行临时或永久接触的柔性探针结构。一些实施例涉及悬臂式探针结构的各种设计，而其他实施例涉及用于制造探针结构的方法。在一些实施例中，使用方法从多个平面多材料层形成探针结构，其中每个探针结构包括接触尖端，柔顺体和可用于将探针结合到基底的接合材料，其中顺应性体在使用期间在主运动平面中提供探针的弹性压缩，并且其中在层的形成期间，多个层的堆叠方向垂直于主运动平面。

59. 发明授权

US08717055B2 Probe devices formed from multiple planar layers of structural material with tip regions formed from one or more intermediate planar layers 有权
标题翻译：由具有由一个或多个中间平面层形成的尖端区域的多个结构材料平面层形成的探针装置
公开(公告)号：US08717055B2
公开(公告)日：2014-05-06
申请号：US13251789
申请日：2011-10-03
申请人： Richard T. Chen , Ezekiel J. J. Kruglick , Christopher A. Bang , Dennis R. Smalley , Pavel B. Lembrikov
发明人： Richard T. Chen , Ezekiel J. J. Kruglick , Christopher A. Bang , Dennis R. Smalley , Pavel B. Lembrikov
IPC分类号： G01R31/00
CPC分类号： C25D5/02 , G01R1/0483 , G01R1/06711 , G01R1/06716 , G01R1/06727 , G01R1/06738 , G01R1/06744 , G01R1/06755 , G01R1/07342 , G01R1/07357 , G01R3/00 , G01R31/2886
摘要： Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to compliant probe structures for making temporary or permanent contact with electronic circuits and the like. In particular, embodiments are directed to various designs of cantilever-like probe structures. Some embodiments are directed to methods for fabricating such cantilever structures. In some embodiments, methods are used to form probe structures from a plurality of planar multi-material layers wherein the probe structures include a contact tip and a compliant body with the compliant body formed from at least one material that is different from the tip material and wherein compliant body provides for elastic compression of the probe in a plane of primary motion during use and wherein during formation a stacking direction of the plurality of layers is perpendicular to the plane of primary motion.
摘要翻译：本文公开的实施例涉及用于与电子电路等进行临时或永久接触的柔性探针结构。具体地，实施例涉及悬臂式探针结构的各种设计。一些实施例涉及制造这种悬臂结构的方法。在一些实施例中，使用方法从多个平面多材料层形成探针结构，其中探针结构包括接触尖端和柔顺体，所述柔性体与至少一种不同于尖端材料的材料形成，其中柔性主体在使用期间在主运动平面中提供探针的弹性压缩，并且其中在成形期间，多个层的堆叠方向垂直于主运动平面。

60. 发明授权

US08262916B1 Enhanced methods for at least partial in situ release of sacrificial material from cavities or channels and/or sealing of etching holes during fabrication of multi-layer microscale or millimeter-scale complex three-dimensional structures 有权
标题翻译：用于在多层微米级或毫米级复杂三维结构的制造期间至少部分原位释放来自空腔或通道的牺牲材料和/或蚀刻孔的密封的方法
公开(公告)号：US08262916B1
公开(公告)日：2012-09-11
申请号：US12828274
申请日：2010-06-30
申请人： Dennis R. Smalley , Michael S. Lockard , Adam L. Cohen
发明人： Dennis R. Smalley , Michael S. Lockard , Adam L. Cohen
IPC分类号： C23F1/22
CPC分类号： B81C1/00071 , C25D1/003
摘要： Embodiments of the invention are directed to multi-layer, multi-material fabrication methods (e.g. electrochemical fabrication methods) which provide improved versatility in producing complex microdevices and in particular in removing sacrificial material from passages, channels, or cavities that are complex or that include etching access ports in their final configurations that are small relative to passage, channel, or cavity lengths. Embodiments of the present invention provide for removal of sacrificial material from these passages, channels or cavities using one or more initial or preliminary removal steps that occur prior to completion of the such passages that results from the completion of the layer forming steps. In some embodiments, first sacrificial material is replaced after a secondary solid sacrificial material after the initial removal step or steps. In other embodiments, the first sacrificial material is replaced after a liquid material after the initial removal step or steps. In some embodiments, desired structure formation may occur along or separately from one or more etchant directing manifolds that can force etchant into the passages, channels, and cavities.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施例涉及多层，多材料制造方法（例如电化学制造方法），其提供了在复杂微器件生产中提供改进的多功能性，特别是从复杂的通道，通道或腔中去除牺牲材料，蚀刻其相对于通道，通道或腔长度较小的最终构造的进入端口。本发明的实施例提供了从这些通道，通道或空腔中去除牺牲材料，使用在完成层形成步骤后产生的这种通道完成之前发生的一个或多个初始或初步去除步骤。在一些实施例中，在初始移除步骤或步骤之后，在第二固体牺牲材料之后，替换第一牺牲材料。在其它实施例中，在初始移除步骤或步骤之后，在液体材料之后替换第一牺牲材料。在一些实施方案中，期望的结构形成可以沿着或分开地与一个或多个蚀刻剂导向歧管发生，其可以迫使蚀刻剂进入通道，通道和空腔。

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