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31. 发明授权

US07481992B2 Base-facilitated reformation reactions of organic substances 失效
标题翻译：有机物质的碱基改性反应
公开(公告)号：US07481992B2
公开(公告)日：2009-01-27
申请号：US10763616
申请日：2004-01-23
申请人： Benjamin Reichman , William Mays
发明人： Benjamin Reichman , William Mays
IPC分类号： C01B3/22 , C01B3/24
CPC分类号： C01F11/06 , C01B3/02 , C01B13/18 , C25B1/02
摘要： A base-facilitated reformation reaction. Hydrogen is produced from a reaction of an organic substance with a base to form bicarbonate ion or carbonate ion as a by-product. The base-facilitated reformation reactions are thermodynamically more spontaneous than conventional reformation reactions and are able to produce hydrogen gas at less extreme reaction conditions than conventional reformation reactions. In one embodiment, the instant base-facilitated reactions produce hydrogen gas from an organic substance at a lower temperature than is possible for the production of hydrogen gas from the organic substance in a conventional reformation reaction. In another embodiment, the instant base-facilitated reformation reactions produce hydrogen gas from an organic substance at a faster rate at a particular temperature than is possible from the conventional reformation reaction of the organic substance. In yet another embodiment, a reformation reaction is made spontaneous in the liquid phase by running the reaction at an elevated pressure. The preferred organic substances of the instant invention are hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms per molecule or mixtures thereof that are available from fuels such as gasoline, bio-diesel, diesel or other petroleum distillates or by-products.
摘要翻译：碱促进的重整反应。由有机物质与碱的反应产生氢气，以形成作为副产物的碳酸氢根离子或碳酸根离子。碱促进的重整反应在热力学上比常规重整反应更自发，并且能够在比常规重整反应更低的极端反应条件下产生氢气。在一个实施方案中，本发明的碱促反应在比在常规重整反应中从有机物质生产氢气的温度低的温度下，从有机物质中产生氢气。在另一个实施方案中，本发明的碱促进的重整反应在比有机物质的常规重整反应可能的特定温度下以更快的速率从有机物质产生氢气。在另一个实施方案中，通过在升高的压力下进行反应，在液相中自发进行重整反应。本发明优选的有机物质是每分子具有四个或更多个碳原子的烃或其混合物，其可从诸如汽油，生物柴油，柴油或其它石油馏出物或副产物的燃料获得。

32. 发明申请

US20050238959A1 Nickel metal hydride battery design 有权
标题翻译：镍氢电池设计
公开(公告)号：US20050238959A1
公开(公告)日：2005-10-27
申请号：US10887434
申请日：2004-07-08
申请人： Kwo Young , Cristian Fierro , Benjamin Reichman , Michael Fetcenko , John Koch , Avram Zallen
发明人： Kwo Young , Cristian Fierro , Benjamin Reichman , Michael Fetcenko , John Koch , Avram Zallen
IPC分类号： H01M4/02 , H01M4/04 , H01M4/24 , H01M4/32 , H01M4/36 , H01M4/38 , H01M4/52 , H01M4/58 , H01M4/62 , H01M10/34 , H01M10/42 , H01M10/44 , H01M10/52
CPC分类号： H01M10/345 , H01M4/0438 , H01M4/0445 , H01M4/0492 , H01M4/242 , H01M4/32 , H01M4/366 , H01M4/383 , H01M4/52 , H01M4/62 , H01M4/621 , H01M10/4235 , H01M10/446 , H01M10/52 , H01M2004/027
摘要： The present invention relates to rechargeable nickel metal hydride batteries and methods for making the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to rechargeable nickel metal hydride batteries having a precharge in the negative electrode sufficient for oxidation prevention in the negative electrode. The present invention discloses a nickel metal hydride battery, wherein the precharge of the negative electrode may be supplied by a variety of sources. The positive active material of the positive electrode may have positive active particles, such as nickel hydroxide, having a precursor coating that incorporates cobalt material capable of forming a conductive network. Sources other than cobalt-containing materials in the positive electrode include hydrogen gas provided directly to the negative active material, nickel aluminum mixed with the negative active material, the etching of the negative active material with an alkaline solution and borohydride chemically charging the negative active material. Preferably, a majority of the precharge of the negative electrode is supplied by sources other than cobalt-containing materials in the positive electrode.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及可再充电镍氢电池及其制造方法。更具体地说，本发明涉及在负极中具有足以在负极中进行氧化防止的预充电的可充电镍金属氢化物电池。本发明公开了一种镍金属氢化物电池，其中负极的预充电可以由各种源提供。正极的正极活性材料可以具有正的活性颗粒，例如氢氧化镍，其具有引入可形成导电网络的钴材料的前体涂层。来自正极中的含钴材料以外的源包括直接设置在负极活性物质上的氢气，与负极活性物质混合的镍铝，用碱性溶液腐蚀负极活性物质和化学充电负极活性物质的硼氢化物。优选地，负极的大部分预充电由正极中的含钴材料以外的源供给。

33. 发明授权

US06607707B2 Production of hydrogen from hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons 失效
标题翻译：从碳氢化合物和含氧烃生产氢气
公开(公告)号：US06607707B2
公开(公告)日：2003-08-19
申请号：US09929940
申请日：2001-08-15
申请人： Benjamin Reichman , William Mays
发明人： Benjamin Reichman , William Mays
IPC分类号： C01B322
CPC分类号： C25B1/02 , C01B3/02 , C01B3/32 , C01B3/323 , C01B3/34 , C01B3/38 , C01B13/18 , C01B2203/0211 , C01B2203/0227 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/1041 , C01B2203/1052 , C01B2203/1064 , C01B2203/107 , C01B2203/1082 , C01B2203/1217 , C01B2203/1223 , C01B2203/1229 , C01B2203/1235 , C01F11/06 , Y02P20/52
摘要： A process for producing hydrogen gas from hydrocarbon and oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds. The process includes combining a hydrocarbon or oxygenated hydrocarbon compound with a base to form a mixture that undergoes a reaction to produce hydrogen gas. The reaction mixture optionally includes water and/or a catalyst. In a preferred embodiment, hydrogen production occurs from methanol in the liquid phase without the production of environment harmful by-product gases.
摘要翻译：一种从烃和含氧烃化合物生产氢气的方法。该方法包括将烃或含氧烃化合物与碱组合以形成经历反应以产生氢气的混合物。反应混合物任选地包括水和/或催化剂。在优选的实施方案中，氢气从液相中的甲醇发生而不产生环境有害的副产物气体。

34. 发明授权

US4511838A Method for determining the point of zero zeta potential of semiconductor 失效
标题翻译：确定半导体零ζ电位点的方法
公开(公告)号：US4511838A
公开(公告)日：1985-04-16
申请号：US364041
申请日：1982-03-31
申请人： Benjamin Reichman , Charles E. Byvik
发明人： Benjamin Reichman , Charles E. Byvik
IPC分类号： G01R31/28 , H01G9/20 , G01N27/02
CPC分类号： H01G9/20 , G01R31/2831
摘要： A method for determining the potential of zero charge of an unpowdered semiconductor material. The semiconductor material is used as the working electrode 12 of a standard three-electrode photoelectrochemical cell 11. The onset potential of the semiconductor material is measured at several different cell temperatures. The slope of the graph of onset potential versus temperature is used to compute the potential of zero charge.
摘要翻译：一种用于确定未组装的半导体材料的零电荷的电位的方法。将半导体材料用作标准三电极光电化学电池11的工作电极12。半导体材料的起始电位在几个不同的电池温度下测量。开始电位对温度图的斜率用于计算零电荷的电位。

35. 发明授权

US4439301A Photoelectrochemical cells including chalcogenophosphate photoelectrodes 失效
标题翻译：光电化学电池包括硫属磷酸盐光电极
公开(公告)号：US4439301A
公开(公告)日：1984-03-27
申请号：US433196
申请日：1982-10-07
申请人： Benjamin Reichman , Charles E. Byvik
发明人： Benjamin Reichman , Charles E. Byvik
IPC分类号： C25B1/00 , H01G9/20 , H01M14/00 , C25B1/02 , H01M6/36
CPC分类号： H01M14/005 , C25B1/003 , H01G9/20 , Y02P20/135 , Y10S204/03 , Y10S204/04
摘要： Photoelectrochemical cells employing chalcogenophosphate (MPX.sub.3) photoelectrodes are disclosed, where M is selected from the group of transition metal series of elements beginning with scandium (atomic number 21) through germanium (atomic number 32) yttrium (atomic number 39) through antimony (atomic number 51) and lanthanum (atomic number 57) through polonium (atomic number 84); P is phosphorus; and X is selected from the chalogenide series consisting of sulfur, selenium, and tellurium. These compounds have bandgaps in the desirable range of 2.0 eV to 2.2 eV for the photoelectrolysis of water and are stable when used as photoelectrodes for the same.
摘要翻译：公开了使用硫属磷酸盐（MPX3）光电极的光电化学电池，其中M选自以钪（原子序数21）通过锗（原子序数32）钇（原子序数39）通过锑（原子序数）的过渡金属系列 51）和镧（原子序数57）通过onium（原子序数84）; 磷是磷; X选自由硫，硒和碲组成的chalogenide系列。这些化合物在水的光电解中具有2.0eV至2.2eV的期望范围的带隙，并且在用作光电极时是稳定的。

36. 发明授权

US08168158B2 Base-facilitated produciton of hydrogen from carbonaceous matter 失效
标题翻译：从碳质物质中促进氢的生成
公开(公告)号：US08168158B2
公开(公告)日：2012-05-01
申请号：US12586044
申请日：2009-09-15
申请人： Benjamin Reichman , William Mays
发明人： Benjamin Reichman , William Mays
IPC分类号： C01B3/02
CPC分类号： C25B1/02 , C10J3/00 , C10J2300/0916 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0973 , C10J2300/0983 , C10J2300/1807 , Y02P20/145
摘要： A base-facilitated process for producing hydrogen. Hydrogen is produced from a reaction of carbonaceous matter with a base and water, preferably through the formation of a bicarbonate or carbonate by-product. The base-facilitated hydrogen-producing reactions are thermodynamically more spontaneous and are able to produce hydrogen gas at less extreme reaction conditions than conventional reformation or gasification reactions of carbonaceous matter. In another embodiment, the instant reactions permit the production of hydrogen from carbonaceous matter without the production of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide. In a preferred embodiment, the carbonaceous matter is coal or a derivative thereof.
摘要翻译：用于生产氢的碱基方法。氢由碳质物质与碱和水的反应产生，优选通过形成碳酸氢盐或碳酸盐副产物。碱促进的产氢反应在热力学上更自发，并且能够在比碳质物质的常规改性或气化反应更不极端的反应条件下产生氢气。在另一个实施方案中，本反应允许从碳质物质产生氢气而不产生二氧化碳或一氧化碳。在优选的实施方案中，碳质物质是煤或其衍生物。

37. 发明授权

US07494581B2 Production of hydrogen from non-cyclic organic substances having multiple alcohol functionality 失效
标题翻译：从具有多个醇官能团的非环状有机物质制备氢气
公开(公告)号：US07494581B2
公开(公告)日：2009-02-24
申请号：US11232272
申请日：2005-09-21
申请人： Benjamin Reichman , William Mays , James Strebe
发明人： Benjamin Reichman , William Mays , James Strebe
IPC分类号： C01B3/22 , C25B1/02
CPC分类号： C01D7/07 , C01B3/02 , C01B3/323 , C01B2203/02 , C01B2203/1058 , C01B2203/1217 , C25B1/02
摘要： A method of producing hydrogen gas from a reaction of an organic substance having multiple alcohol functionality with a base. Hydrogen can be produced in a reaction of a base with an organic substance having multiple alcohol functionality that may proceed through the formation of a bicarbonate or carbonate compound as a byproduct. In some embodiments, the reaction may occur in the presence of water. The preferred organic substances include diols, triols, and higher order alcohols. Non-cyclic (linear or branched) organic substances having multiple alcohol functionality are among the preferred reactants. The instant base-facilitated hydrogen-producing reactions are thermodynamically more spontaneous than the corresponding conventional reformation reactions of the organic substances and can produce hydrogen at less extreme reaction conditions. The preferred reactants further include low volatility organic substances having multiple alcohol functionality. Such reactants permit the efficient formation of hydrogen in a liquid phase system and enable a continuous reaction capability in the liquid phase without the need to condense volatilized reactant.
摘要翻译：从具有多个醇官能团的有机物质与碱的反应产生氢气的方法。氢可以在碱与具有多个醇官能团的有机物质的反应中生成，所述有机物质可以通过形成作为副产物的碳酸氢盐或碳酸盐化合物而进行。在一些实施方案中，反应可以在水的存在下进行。优选的有机物质包括二醇，三醇和高级醇。具有多个醇官能团的非环状（直链或支链）有机物质是优选的反应物。本发明的碱促进的产氢反应在热力学上比有机物质的相应常规重整反应更自发，并且可在较不极端的反应条件下产生氢。优选的反应物还包括具有多个醇官能团的低挥发性有机物质。这样的反应物允许在液相体系中有效地形成氢气，并且能够在液相中具有连续的反应能力，而不需要使挥发的反应物冷凝。

38. 发明申请

US20070243128A1 Process for producing hydrogen gas from sustainable biofuels or from other carbon based fuels 审中-公开
标题翻译：从可持续生物燃料或其他碳基燃料生产氢气的方法
公开(公告)号：US20070243128A1
公开(公告)日：2007-10-18
申请号：US11787790
申请日：2007-04-18
申请人： Benjamin Reichman , William Mays , Michael Fetcenko , James Strebe
发明人： Benjamin Reichman , William Mays , Michael Fetcenko , James Strebe
IPC分类号： C01B3/02
CPC分类号： C01B3/34 , B82Y30/00 , C01F11/02 , C01F11/04 , C01P2004/61 , C01P2004/64
摘要： A process for producing hydrogen gas is disclosed. In one embodiment, the process for produces hydrogen gas from biofuel reformation. The process includes the step of reacting a biofuel with a naturally occurring base.
摘要翻译：公开了生产氢气的方法。在一个实施方案中，从生物燃料改造产生氢气的方法。该方法包括使生物燃料与天然存在的碱反应的步骤。

39. 发明授权

US07247406B2 Method for activating metal hydride material 有权
标题翻译：活化金属氢化物材料的方法
公开(公告)号：US07247406B2
公开(公告)日：2007-07-24
申请号：US10444382
申请日：2003-05-23
申请人： Benjamin Reichman , William Mays , Michael A. Fetcenko
发明人： Benjamin Reichman , William Mays , Michael A. Fetcenko
IPC分类号： H01M4/04
CPC分类号： H01M4/242 , C01B3/0005 , C01B3/0031 , H01M4/383 , H01M10/345 , Y02E60/327
摘要： A method of activating a hydrogen storage alloy. The method includes the step of contacting the hydrogen storage alloy with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide where the concentration of the alkali metal hydroxide is at least about 42 weight percent. The method produces a hydrogen storage alloy with increased surface area.
摘要翻译：一种活化储氢合金的方法。该方法包括使储氢合金与碱金属氢氧化物的水溶液接触的步骤，其中碱金属氢氧化物的浓度为至少约42重量％。该方法产生具有增加的表面积的储氢合金。

40. 发明申请

US20060018824A1 Production of hydrogen from non-cyclic organic substances having multiple alcohol functionality 失效
公开(公告)号：US20060018824A1
公开(公告)日：2006-01-26
申请号：US11232272
申请日：2005-09-21
申请人： Benjamin Reichman , William Mays , James Strebe
发明人： Benjamin Reichman , William Mays , James Strebe
IPC分类号： C01B3/32
CPC分类号： C01D7/07 , C01B3/02 , C01B3/323 , C01B2203/02 , C01B2203/1058 , C01B2203/1217 , C25B1/02
摘要： A method of producing hydrogen gas from a reaction of an organic substance having multiple alcohol functionality with a base. Hydrogen can be produced in a reaction of a base with an organic substance having multiple alcohol functionality that may proceed through the formation of a bicarbonate or carbonate compound as a byproduct. In some embodiments, the reaction may occur in the presence of water. The preferred organic substances include diols, triols, and higher order alcohols. Non-cyclic (linear or branched) organic substances having multiple alcohol functionality are among the preferred reactants. The instant base-facilitated hydrogen-producing reactions are thermodynamically more spontaneous than the corresponding conventional reformation reactions of the organic substances and can produce hydrogen at less extreme reaction conditions. The preferred reactants further include low volatility organic substances having multiple alcohol functionality. Such reactants permit the efficient formation of hydrogen in a liquid phase system and enable a continuous reaction capability in the liquid phase without the need to condense volatilized reactant.

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