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31. 发明授权

US07477672B2 Mitigation of photodarkening to achieve laser oscillation and amplification with highly doped fibers 失效
标题翻译：减轻光暗化实现激光振荡和高掺杂光纤放大
公开(公告)号：US07477672B2
公开(公告)日：2009-01-13
申请号：US11508550
申请日：2006-08-22
申请人： Supriyo Sinha , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Robert L. Byer , Jens Limpert
发明人： Supriyo Sinha , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Robert L. Byer , Jens Limpert
IPC分类号： H01S3/30 , H01S3/03
CPC分类号： H01S3/0675 , H01S3/06716 , H01S3/06791 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/094003 , H01S3/094011 , H01S3/1055
摘要： Photodarkening in active fiber or waveguide devices (e.g. lasers, amplifiers, and incoherent sources such as ASE sources) can be reduced by altering the dopant concentration along the length of the doped fiber. A fiber or waveguide device includes two or more intentionally doped fiber or waveguide sections having different concentrations of one or more dopants. The dopants provide optical gain responsive to pump radiation provided to the fiber device by a pump source. A first optical intensity in a first of the fiber or waveguide sections is greater than a second optical intensity in a second of the fiber or waveguide sections. A first dopant concentration in the first fiber or waveguide section is lower than a second dopant concentration in the second fiber or waveguide section. Thus the dopant concentration is reduced in sections of the fiber or waveguide device having a higher optical intensity. The optical intensity can be due to pump radiation and/or signal radiation. Reduced dopant concentration in regions of high optical intensity reduces photodarkening.
摘要翻译：通过改变沿着掺杂光纤的长度的掺杂剂浓度，可以减少有源光纤或波导器件（例如，激光器，放大器和非相干源，例如ASE源）中的光标。光纤或波导器件包括具有不同浓度的一种或多种掺杂剂的两个或更多个有意掺杂的光纤或波导部分。掺杂剂通过泵浦源提供响应于提供给光纤装置的泵浦辐射的光学增益。第一光纤或波导部分中的第一光强度大于第二光纤或波导部分中的第二光强度。第一光纤或波导部分中的第一掺杂剂浓度低于第二光纤或波导部分中的第二掺杂剂浓度。因此，具有较高光强度的光纤或波导器件的部分的掺杂剂浓度降低。光强度可能是由于泵浦辐射和/或信号辐射。高光强度区域的掺杂剂浓度降低会降低光暗化。

32. 发明授权

US07385683B2 Method of characterizing fiber Bragg gratings using iterative processing 有权
标题翻译：使用迭代处理表征光纤布拉格光栅的方法
公开(公告)号：US07385683B2
公开(公告)日：2008-06-10
申请号：US11130418
申请日：2005-05-16
申请人： Aydogan Ozcan , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Gordon S. Kino
发明人： Aydogan Ozcan , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Gordon S. Kino
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G02B6/0208 , G01M11/3145 , G01M11/3172 , G02B2006/02166
摘要： A method determines a complex reflection impulse response of a fiber Bragg grating. The method includes providing a measured amplitude of a complex reflection spectrum of the fiber Bragg grating. The method further includes providing an estimated phase term of the complex reflection spectrum. The method further includes multiplying the measured amplitude and the estimated phase term to generate an estimated complex reflection spectrum. The method further includes calculating an inverse Fourier transform of the estimated complex reflection spectrum, wherein the inverse Fourier transform is a function of time. The method further includes calculating an estimated complex reflection impulse response by applying at least one constraint to the inverse Fourier transform of the estimated complex reflection spectrum.
摘要翻译：一种方法确定光纤布拉格光栅的复反射脉冲响应。该方法包括提供光纤布拉格光栅的复反射光谱的测量幅度。该方法还包括提供复反射谱的估计相位项。该方法还包括将测量的幅度和估计的相位项相乘以产生估计的复反射谱。该方法还包括计算估计的复反射谱的傅立叶逆变换，其中逆傅立叶变换是时间的函数。该方法还包括通过对估计的复反射光谱的傅里叶逆变换应用至少一个约束来计算估计的复反射脉冲响应。

33. 发明授权

US07365851B2 Method of measuring a physical function using a composite function which includes the physical function and an arbitrary reference function 有权
标题翻译：使用包括物理功能和任意参考功能的复合函数来测量物理功能的方法
公开(公告)号：US07365851B2
公开(公告)日：2008-04-29
申请号：US11747177
申请日：2007-05-10
申请人： Aydogan Ozcan , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Gordon S. Kino
发明人： Aydogan Ozcan , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Gordon S. Kino
IPC分类号： G01N21/59
CPC分类号： G01N21/21 , G01J11/00 , G01N21/4788 , G01N21/636 , G01N2021/4723 , G01N2021/4735
摘要： A method for measuring a physical function forms a symmetric composite function by combining the physical function with a reference function. The method obtains a Fourier transform of the symmetric composite function. The method calculates an inverse Fourier transform of the obtained Fourier transform, wherein the calculated inverse Fourier transform provides information regarding the physical function. The physical function can be a nonlinearity profile of a sample with at least one sample surface. The physical function can alternatively by a sample temporal waveform of a sample optical pulse.
摘要翻译：用于测量物理功能的方法通过将物理功能与参考功能组合来形成对称复合函数。该方法获得对称复合函数的傅立叶变换。该方法计算所获得的傅立叶变换的傅立叶逆变换，其中所计算的傅里叶逆变换提供关于物理功能的信息。物理功能可以是具有至少一个样品表面的样品的非线性分布。物理功能可以替代地通过采样光脉冲的采样时间波形。

34. 发明授权

US07313493B2 Method of retrieving phase and magnitude of weak ultra-short optical pulses using a stronger unknown pulse 有权
公开(公告)号：US07313493B2
公开(公告)日：2007-12-25
申请号：US11384230
申请日：2006-03-17
申请人： Aydogan Ozcan , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Gordon S. Kino
发明人： Aydogan Ozcan , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Gordon S. Kino
IPC分类号： G01R29/02
CPC分类号： G04F13/02 , G01J11/00
摘要： A method determines a complex electric field temporal profile of an optical pulse. The method includes providing a measured magnitude of the Fourier transform of a complex electric field temporal profile of a pulse sequence comprising the optical pulse and a dummy pulse. The method further includes providing an estimated phase term of the Fourier transform of the complex electric field temporal profile of the pulse sequence. The method further includes multiplying the measured magnitude and the estimated phase term to generate an estimated Fourier transform of the complex electric field temporal profile of the pulse sequence. The method further includes calculating an inverse Fourier transform of the estimated Fourier transform, wherein the inverse Fourier transform is a function of time. The method further includes calculating an estimated complex electric field temporal profile of the pulse sequence by applying at least one constraint to the inverse Fourier transform.

35. 发明授权

US06781750B2 Method of amplifying optical signals using doped materials with extremely broad bandwidths 有权
标题翻译：使用具有极宽带宽的掺杂材料放大光信号的方法
公开(公告)号：US06781750B2
公开(公告)日：2004-08-24
申请号：US10282139
申请日：2002-10-25
申请人： Yannick G. Feillens , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Martin M. Fejer
发明人： Yannick G. Feillens , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Martin M. Fejer
IPC分类号： H01S317
CPC分类号： H01S3/06754 , H01S3/06766 , H01S3/0677 , H01S3/094011 , H01S3/094096 , H01S3/1608 , H01S3/1643
摘要： In a method of amplifying optical input signals over a wide bandwidth, the optical input signals are applied to an optical waveguide made from a rare-earth-doped amorphous material (e.g., erbium-doped yttrium aluminum oxide material). The optical input signals include optical signals having wavelengths over a range of at least 80 nanometers, and, preferably, over a range of at least 160 nanometers. Pump light is applied to the optical waveguide to cause the waveguide to provide optical gain to the optical input signals. The optical gain causes the optical signals to be amplified within the waveguide to provide amplified optical signals over the extended 80-160-nanometer range, including, in particular, optical signals having wavelengths at one end of the range and optical signals having wavelengths at a second end or the range.
摘要翻译：在宽带宽放大光输入信号的方法中，光输入信号被施加到由稀土掺杂非晶材料（例如掺铒氧化铝材料）制成的光波导。光输入信号包括具有至少80纳米范围内的波长的光信号，并且优选在至少160纳米的范围内。泵浦光被施加到光波导以使波导对光输入信号提供光增益。光学增益使得光信号在波导内被放大，以在扩展的80-160纳米范围内提供放大的光信号，特别是包括在该范围的一端具有波长的光信号，第二端或范围。

36. 发明授权

US06721093B2 Method of amplifying optical signals using doped materials with extremely broad bandwidths 有权
公开(公告)号：US06721093B2
公开(公告)日：2004-04-13
申请号：US10282155
申请日：2002-10-25
申请人： Yannick G. Feillens , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Martin M. Fejer
发明人： Yannick G. Feillens , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Martin M. Fejer
IPC分类号： H01S317
CPC分类号： H01S3/06754 , H01S3/06766 , H01S3/0677 , H01S3/094011 , H01S3/094096 , H01S3/1608 , H01S3/1643
摘要： In a method of amplifying optical input signals over a wide bandwidth, the optical input signals are applied to an optical waveguide made from a rare-earth-doped amorphous material (e.g., erbium-doped yttrium aluminum oxide material). The optical input signals include optical signals having wavelengths over a range of at least 80 nanometers, and, preferably, over a range of at least 160 nanometers. Pump light is applied to the optical waveguide to cause the waveguide to provide optical gain to the optical input signals. The optical gain causes the optical signals to be amplified within the waveguide to provide amplified optical signals over the extended 80-160-nanometer range, including, in particular, optical signals having wavelengths at one end of the range and optical signals having wavelengths at a second end or the range.

37. 发明授权

US06687048B2 Polarization and wavelength stable superflourescent sources 有权
标题翻译：极化和波长稳定的超流体源
公开(公告)号：US06687048B2
公开(公告)日：2004-02-03
申请号：US10170783
申请日：2002-06-11
申请人： Dario G. Falquier , Michel J. F. Digonnet , H. John Shaw
发明人： Dario G. Falquier , Michel J. F. Digonnet , H. John Shaw
IPC分类号： H01S300
CPC分类号： H01S3/06795 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/094042 , H01S3/09415
摘要： The instability of the mean wavelength of a superfluorescent fiber source (SFS) is reduced by randomizing the polarization of light from a pump source or by using polarization maintaining components. In one embodiment, the polarization of a pump source is made more random, leading to greater stability of the mean wavelength of the SFS, with an output mean wavelength that is stable to better than 3 ppm for full rotation of the pump polarization state. In another embodiment, the polarization of optical radiation throughout the device is kept substantially constant by using polarization maintaining fiber and components, thereby leading to enhanced mean wavelength stability of the SFS.
摘要翻译：通过使来自泵浦源的光的偏振随机化或通过使用偏振保持元件来降低超荧光光纤源（SFS）的平均波长的不稳定性。在一个实施例中，使泵浦源的极化更随机，导致SFS的平均波长的更大的稳定性，对于泵极化状态的完全旋转，输出平均波长对于优于3ppm是稳定的。在另一个实施例中，通过使用偏振保持光纤和部件，整个装置中的光辐射的极化保持基本上恒定，从而导致SFS的平均波长稳定性的增强。

38. 发明授权

US06469825B1 Method of amplifying optical signals using erbium-doped materials with extremely broad bandwidths 有权
标题翻译：使用具有极宽带宽的铒掺杂材料放大光信号的方法
公开(公告)号：US06469825B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-22
申请号：US09628731
申请日：2000-07-28
申请人： Michel J. F. Digonnet , Hiroshi Noguchi , Martin M. Fejer
发明人： Michel J. F. Digonnet , Hiroshi Noguchi , Martin M. Fejer
IPC分类号： H01S300
CPC分类号： C03C3/062 , C03C3/125 , C03C13/046 , C03C13/048 , H01S3/0637 , H01S3/06716 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/1608 , H01S3/1618 , H01S3/1638 , H01S3/1643
摘要： In a method of amplifying optical input signals over a wide bandwidth, the optical input signals are applied to an optical waveguide made from a rare-earth-doped amorphous yttrium aluminum oxide material (e.g., erbium-doped yttrium aluminum oxide material). The optical input signals include optical signals having wavelengths shorter than 1,520 nanometers and optical signals having wavelengths longer than 1,610 nanometers. Preferably, the wavelengths range from as short as approximately 1,480 nanometers to as long as approximately 1,650 nanometers. Pump light is applied to the optical waveguide to cause the waveguide to provide optical gain to the optical input signals. The optical gain causes the optical signals to be amplified within the waveguide to provide amplified optical signals over the extended range from approximately 1,480 nanometers to approximately 1,650 nanometers, including, in particular, optical signals having wavelengths shorter than 1,520 nanometers and optical signals having wavelengths longer than 1,610 nanometers. Alternatively, the wavelengths of the optical input signals may be in the range from approximately 1,480 nanometers to approximately 1,565 nanometers. As a further alternative, the wavelengths of the optical input signals may be in the range from approximately 1,565 nanometers to approximately 1,650 nanometers.
摘要翻译：在宽带宽放大光输入信号的方法中，光输入信号被施加到由稀土掺杂的无定形钇铝氧化物材料（例如掺铒氧化铝材料）制成的光波导。光输入信号包括波长短于1520纳米的光信号和波长长于1610纳米的光信号。优选地，波长范围从约1,480纳米到长达约1,650纳米。泵浦光被施加到光波导以使波导对光输入信号提供光增益。光学增益使得光信号在波导内被放大，以在从大约1,480纳米到大约1,650纳米的扩展范围内提供放大的光信号，包括特别是具有短于1,520纳米的波长的光信号和具有波长更长的光信号比1,610纳米。或者，光输入信号的波长可以在从大约1,480纳米到大约1,565纳米的范围内。作为另一替代方案，光输入信号的波长可以在大约1565纳米到大约1,650纳米的范围内。

39. 发明授权

US06393167B1 Fast, environmentally-stable fiber switches using a Sagnac interferometer 有权
标题翻译：使用Sagnac干涉仪的快速，环保的光纤开关
公开(公告)号：US06393167B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-21
申请号：US09215403
申请日：1998-12-18
申请人： Monica K. Davis , Michel J. F. Digonnet
发明人： Monica K. Davis , Michel J. F. Digonnet
IPC分类号： G02B626
CPC分类号： G02F1/3519
摘要： A fast, environmentally-stable fiber switch uses a Sagnac interferometer having an active fiber portion located asymmetrically in the loop of the interferometer. A pump pulse is applied to the interferometric loop and acts upon the active fiber portion to cause a change in its refractive index either by a thermal effect or by a non-thermal nonlinear effect. Because the active fiber portion is located asymmetrically in the loop, the change in refractive index of the active fiber portion is seen by the clockwise propagating light signal and the counterclockwise propagating light signal at different times, thus causing a temporary difference in the phase changes experienced by the two counterpropagating light signals. The temporary difference in the phase changes causes the two light signals to combine constructively at a switched output port of the input/output coupler of the interferometric loop until the phase changes of the two signals are again the same, at which time the signals combine at an unswitched output port of the coupler. The on-time of the switch is set primarily by the length of the Sagnac loop, and the fall time, which is caused by the Sagnac architecture, can be fast, even with a relatively slow active fiber.
摘要翻译：快速，环境稳定的光纤开关使用具有位于干涉仪的环路中的非对称位置的有源光纤部分的Sagnac干涉仪。泵浦脉冲被施加到干涉测量环路上并且作用在有源光纤部分上，以通过热效应或非热非线性效应引起其折射率的变化。由于有源光纤部分不对称地位于环路中，有源光纤部分的折射率变化可以通过顺时针传播的光信号和逆时针传播的光信号在不同时间看到，从而导致经历的相位变化的暂时的差异由两个反向传播的光信号。相位变化的暂时差异导致两个光信号在干涉测量环路的输入/输出耦合器的切换输出端口上建构性地组合，直到两个信号的相位变化再次相同，此时信号在耦合器的未切换输出端口。开关的导通时间主要由Sagnac回路的长度决定，即使使用相对较慢的有源光纤，Sagnac架构引起的下降时间也会很快。

40. 发明授权

US06356385B1 Inhomogeneous broadening to modify the gain of an optical amplifier 有权
标题翻译：不均匀的加宽以修改光放大器的增益
公开(公告)号：US06356385B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-12
申请号：US09245554
申请日：1999-02-05
申请人： Michel J. F. Digonnet , Silviu Savin
发明人： Michel J. F. Digonnet , Silviu Savin
IPC分类号： H01S300
CPC分类号： H04B10/296 , H01S3/094042 , H01S3/1302 , H01S3/131 , H01S3/1608 , H01S3/1691 , H01S2301/04
摘要： An optical amplifier has a gain profile which is substantially flat and independent, over a wide range, of the pump power, power of the input signals, and the number of input signals. The amplifier utilizes an optical resonator having a gain medium whose gain broadening behaves inhomogeneously by pumping the gain medium at at least one wavelength in at least one absorption tail of the gain medium. The resonator is a ring resonator that preferably includes an erbium-doped fiber. Codopants may be added to the fiber to enhance the inhomogeneous broadening effect. A method of gain flattening introduces a pump signal into a gain medium. The pump signal has a wavelength in the tail of the absorption profile of the gain medium. A plurality of optical signals at different wavelengths are introduced into the gain medium. Stimulated emission within the gain medium clamps the gain of the gain medium.
摘要翻译：光放大器具有在泵浦功率，输入信号的功率和输入信号数量的大范围内基本平坦且独立的增益分布。放大器利用具有增益介质的光谐振器，其增益增宽通过在增益介质的至少一个吸收尾部中以至少一个波长泵浦增益介质而非均匀地表现。谐振器是优选包括铒掺杂光纤的环形谐振器。可以将纤维素添加到纤维中以增强不均匀的加宽效果。增益平坦化的方法将泵浦信号引入增益介质。泵浦信号在增益介质的吸收曲线的尾部具有波长。将不同波长的多个光信号引入到增益介质中。增益介质内的受激发射夹着增益介质的增益。

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