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31. 发明授权

US07381366B2 Apparatus for the production or refining of metals, and related processes 失效
标题翻译：用于生产或精炼金属的设备及相关工艺
公开(公告)号：US07381366B2
公开(公告)日：2008-06-03
申请号：US10749893
申请日：2003-12-31
申请人： William Thomas Carter, Jr. , Mark Gilbert Benz , Clifford Earl Shamblen , Andrew Philip Woodfield
发明人： William Thomas Carter, Jr. , Mark Gilbert Benz , Clifford Earl Shamblen , Andrew Philip Woodfield
IPC分类号： C21C1/00
CPC分类号： C22B34/1295 , C22B9/18 , Y02P10/138
摘要： An electroslag-cold hearth (ESCH) system for refining or producing a desired metal or metal alloy is described. The system includes at least one cold hearth vessel capable of holding a pool of molten liquid metal and an overlying slag layer, and an ingot mold laterally off-set from the cold hearth. A source of raw material, e.g., a feed electrode, is positioned above the cold hearth, and fed into the molten slag in a refining operation. A flow-over dam separates the ingot mold from the cold hearth, preventing the flow of inclusions and other foreign bodies into the ingot mold. In some instances, a non-consumable electrode provides additional thermal energy to the slag. In the production operation, the metal source can be a salt from which the desired metal can be electrochemically extracted. Related methods for refining or producing metals such as titanium alloys are also described.
摘要翻译：描述了用于精炼或生产所需金属或金属合金的电渣冷床（ESCH）系统。该系统包括至少一个能够容纳熔融液体金属池和上覆渣层的冷壁炉容器，以及从冷炉侧向偏移的铸锭模具。原料源例如进料电极位于冷炉的上方，并在精炼操作中进料到熔渣中。流水坝将铸模与冷炉分开，防止夹杂物和其他异物流入铸锭模具。在一些情况下，非消耗性电极为炉渣提供额外的热能。在生产操作中，金属源可以是可以电化学提取所需金属的盐。还描述了用于精炼或生产诸如钛合金的金属的相关方法。

32. 发明授权

US06583362B2 Zirconia-stabilized multi-filamentary niobium-tin superconducting wire 失效
标题翻译：氧化锆稳定的多丝铌锡超导线
公开(公告)号：US06583362B2
公开(公告)日：2003-06-24
申请号：US09682972
申请日：2001-11-05
申请人： Mark Gilbert Benz , Theodore McCall Evenden , Judson Sloan Marte , Thomas Robert Raber
发明人： Mark Gilbert Benz , Theodore McCall Evenden , Judson Sloan Marte , Thomas Robert Raber
IPC分类号： H01B1200
CPC分类号： H01L39/2409 , H01L39/14
摘要： A multi-filament superconducting wire in which the filaments comprise zirconia-stabilized ultra-fine grain Nb3Sn. The superconducting wire is formed by wire-drawing a preform comprising a metallic matrix and at least one niobium alloy rod having zirconium and oxygen in solid solution and heat treating the drawn wire in the presence of tin to yield at least one continuous filament comprising ultra-fine grain Nb3Sn having semi-coherent ZrO2 precipitates disposed therein. The ZrO2 precipitates serve to stabilize the ultra-fine grain microstructure of the Nb3Sn at temperatures up to 1100° C. and allows Nb3Sn to maintain the ultra-fine grain microstructure when heat treated at temperatures that are greater than those previously used. By using higher temperatures to form Nb3Sn, the time required for heat treatment can be significantly reduced.
摘要翻译：一种多丝超导线，其中长丝包含氧化锆稳定的超细晶粒Nb 3 Sn。超导线材通过拉丝预成型体而形成，该预成型体包括金属基体和至少一个在固溶体中具有锆和氧的铌合金棒，并在锡的存在下热处理拉丝，得到至少一根连续的长丝，配置有半连续ZrO 2析出物的细晶粒Nb 3 Sn。 ZrO2沉淀物用于在高达1100℃的温度下稳定Nb3Sn的超细晶粒微观结构，并允许Nb 3 Sn在高于以前使用的温度下进行热处理时保持超细晶粒微观结构。通过使用较高的温度来形成Nb 3 Sn，可以显着降低热处理所需的时间。

33. 发明授权

US06427752B1 Casting systems and methods with auxiliary cooling onto a liquidus portion of a casting 失效
标题翻译：铸造系统和方法，辅助冷却到铸件的液相部分
公开(公告)号：US06427752B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-06
申请号：US09496752
申请日：2000-02-03
申请人： William Thomas Carter, Jr. , Mark Gilbert Benz , Robert John Zabala , Bruce Alan Knudsen
发明人： William Thomas Carter, Jr. , Mark Gilbert Benz , Robert John Zabala , Bruce Alan Knudsen
IPC分类号： B22D2300
CPC分类号： B22D23/10 , C22B9/18
摘要： A casting system with auxiliary cooling onto a liquidus portion of the casting can produce a metal casting that comprises a fine-grain, homogeneous microstructure. The microstructure is essentially oxide- and sulfide-free, segregation defect free, and essentially free of voids caused by air entrapped during solidification of the metal from a liquidus state to a solid state. The casting system with auxiliary cooling onto a liquidus portion of the casting can comprises an electroslag refining system as a source of liquid metal; a nucleated casting system; and at least one cooling system that supplies coolant onto a liquidus portion of the casting. The liquidus portion of the casting is cooled in a manner sufficient to provide a casting microstructure that comprises a fine-grain, homogeneous microstructure that is essentially oxide- and sulfide-free, segregation defect free, and essentially free of voids caused by air entrapped during solidification from a liquidus state to a solid state.
摘要翻译：具有辅助冷却到铸件的液相部分上的铸造系统可以产生包括细晶粒均匀微观结构的金属铸件。微结构基本上是无氧化物和无硫化物，偏析缺陷，并且基本上不含金属由液相状态固化至固态时由空气夹带而引起的空隙。具有辅助冷却到铸件的液相部分上的铸造系统可以包括作为液态金属源的电渣精炼系统; 成核铸造系统; 以及将冷却剂供应到铸件的液相部分上的至少一个冷却系统。铸件的液相部分以足以提供铸造微观结构的方式被冷却，该铸造微结构包括基本上不含氧化物和无硫化物的偏析缺陷，并且基本上没有由空气截留的空隙从液相状态到固态的固化。

34. 发明授权

US06350293B1 Bottom pour electroslag refining systems and methods 失效
标题翻译：底部电渣精炼系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US06350293B1
公开(公告)日：2002-02-26
申请号：US09511198
申请日：2000-02-23
申请人： William Thomas Carter, Jr. , Mark Gilbert Benz , Felix Guenter Muller , Franz Waldemar Hugo , Robert John Zabala , Bruce Alan Knudsen
发明人： William Thomas Carter, Jr. , Mark Gilbert Benz , Felix Guenter Muller , Franz Waldemar Hugo , Robert John Zabala , Bruce Alan Knudsen
IPC分类号： C22B918
CPC分类号： C22B9/18 , F27B3/19 , F27B3/28
摘要： A bottom pour electroslag refining system refines raw material into refined liquid metal. The bottom pour electroslag refining system comprises an electroslag refining crucible; a slag; a bottom pour structure that comprises an orifice from which refined liquid metal from the electroslag refining crucible can flow as a stream of refined liquid metal; and a current path. The current path is defined in the bottom pour electroslag refining system for applying current to the raw material for melting and refining the raw material. The melted and refined raw material forms a refined liquid metal pool in the electroslag refining crucible. The current that is applied by the current path is sufficient to provide the refined liquid metal in the refined liquid metal pool with a viscosity under which the refined liquid metal can flow through the orifice under its own viscosity.
摘要翻译：底部倾倒电渣精炼系统将原料精制成精炼液态金属。底部电渣精炼系统包括电渣精炼坩埚; 渣底部倾倒结构，其包括孔，来自电渣精炼坩埚的精炼液体金属可以由精细液态金属流流动; 和当前路径。目前的路径在底部浇注电渣精炼系统中定义，用于向原料中施加电流以熔化和精炼原料。熔化和精炼的原料在电渣精炼坩埚中形成精炼的液态金属池。通过电流路径施加的电流足以在精制液态金属池中提供精炼的液态金属，其中精细液态金属可以在该粘度下在其自身粘度下流过孔口。

35. 发明授权

US06295309B1 Vacuum arc remelting apparatus and process 失效
标题翻译：真空电弧重熔设备及工艺
公开(公告)号：US06295309B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-25
申请号：US09651962
申请日：2000-08-31
申请人： Mark Gilbert Benz , Michael Francis Henry , William Thomas Carter, Jr. , Bernard Patrick Bewlay
发明人： Mark Gilbert Benz , Michael Francis Henry , William Thomas Carter, Jr. , Bernard Patrick Bewlay
IPC分类号： H05B360
CPC分类号： H05B7/07
摘要： A VAR process is conducted in an apparatus characterized by a crucible wall that provides a stable shelf anchor. The VAR apparatus includes a furnace chamber, a consumable electrode formed of a material to be remelted within the furnace chamber and a crucible within the furnace chamber. The crucible has a wall that forms a vessel to collect melt material from the consumable electrode. At least part of the wall is textured to provide area for mechanical stabilization of the shelf as the underside of the shelf melts and the upperside of the shelf forms. In a vacuum arc remelting process, a consumable electrode is loaded into a furnace chamber above a cooled crucible having a textured wall that forms a vessel to collect melt material from the consumable electrode. The process includes striking a direct electric current between the electrode and a bottom of the crucible to cause melting of material from a tip of the electrode. Melt material is collected from the tip in the crucible. The melt material is cooled to form an ingot characterized by a shelf of solidified material forming adjacent the textured section of the crucible wall in advance of a lower boundary of solidifying material.
摘要翻译：在由坩埚壁构成的设备中进行VAR工艺，该坩埚壁提供稳定的搁板锚。 VAR设备包括炉室，由炉室内重熔的材料形成的可消耗电极和炉室内的坩埚。坩埚具有形成容器以从消耗性电极收集熔体材料的壁。墙壁的至少一部分是纹理化的，以提供架子的机械稳定性的区域，因为架子的下侧熔化，并且架子的上侧形成。在真空电弧重熔工艺中，可消耗电极被装载到具有纹理壁的冷却坩埚之上的炉室中，所述纹理壁形成容器以从可消耗电极收集熔体材料。该过程包括在电极和坩埚的底部之间引起直流电流，引起材料从电极尖端的熔化。从坩埚中的尖端收集熔体材料。熔融材料被冷却以形成特征在于在凝固材料的下边界之前形成为邻近坩埚壁的纹理部分的凝固材料的搁板。

36. 发明授权

US06256376B1 Composite x-ray target 失效
标题翻译：复合x射线靶
公开(公告)号：US06256376B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-03
申请号：US09466029
申请日：1999-12-17
申请人： Mark Gilbert Benz , Charles Gitahi Mukira , Thomas Robert Raber , Constantinos Minas , Gregory Alan Steinlage , Gregory Reznikov , Wayne Charles Hasz
发明人： Mark Gilbert Benz , Charles Gitahi Mukira , Thomas Robert Raber , Constantinos Minas , Gregory Alan Steinlage , Gregory Reznikov , Wayne Charles Hasz
IPC分类号： H01J3510
CPC分类号： H01J35/108 , H01J2235/081 , H01J2235/083 , H01J2235/1241
摘要： An X-ray tube anode comprises a graphite ring, a target substrate applied onto the graphite ring and a target focal track applied onto the target substrate. The target focal track comprises a first refractory metal and the target substrate comprises a second refractory metal and at least one layer of a material that is characterized by characterized by a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) that is the same as the CTE of the target focal track or is intermediate between the CTE of the target focal track and the CTE of the substrate.
摘要翻译： X射线管阳极包括石墨环，施加到石墨环上的目标基底和施加到目标基底上的目标焦点轨迹。目标焦点轨道包括第一耐火金属，并且目标基底包括第二难熔金属和至少一层材料，其特征在于热膨胀系数（CTE）与靶的CTE相同焦点轨迹或者在目标焦点轨迹的CTE和基底的CTE之间的中间。

37. 发明授权

US06219372B1 Guide tube structure for flux concentration 失效
标题翻译：导管结构用于通量集中
公开(公告)号：US06219372B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-17
申请号：US09474421
申请日：1999-12-29
申请人： Robert John Zabala , Howard Roscoe Hart, Jr. , Mark Gilbert Benz , Bruce Alan Knudsen , William Thomas Carter, Jr. , Russell Scott Miller
发明人： Robert John Zabala , Howard Roscoe Hart, Jr. , Mark Gilbert Benz , Bruce Alan Knudsen , William Thomas Carter, Jr. , Russell Scott Miller
IPC分类号： F27D300
CPC分类号： F27D3/1509 , F27B14/063 , F27B2014/0818
摘要： A guide tube structure for flux concentration is provided. The discharge guide tube comprises a central orifice that extends from a source of metal to an outlet in the discharge guide tube for directing a stream of melt therethrough; a structure that generates an electromagnetic field in the discharge guide tube; and an interior discharge guide tube flux concentration configuration that is capable of concentrating at least one of heat, electromagnetic field, and electromagnetic flux onto the stream of melt that flows through the central orifice. The electromagnetic field is applied at a substantially constant level.
摘要翻译：提供了用于流量浓度的导管结构。排放导管包括从金属源延伸到排放导管中的出口的中心孔，用于引导熔体流通过; 在排出导管中产生电磁场的结构; 以及能够将热，电磁场和电磁通量中的至少一种集中到流经中心孔的熔体流上的内部排放导管通量集中构造。电磁场以基本上恒定的水平施加。

38. 发明授权

US6097750A Electroslag refining hearth 失效
标题翻译：电炉精炼炉膛
公开(公告)号：US6097750A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-01
申请号：US1077
申请日：1997-12-31
申请人： Bruce Alan Knudsen , Peter George Frischmann , Robert John Zabala , Mark Gilbert Benz , William Thomas Carter, Jr.
发明人： Bruce Alan Knudsen , Peter George Frischmann , Robert John Zabala , Mark Gilbert Benz , William Thomas Carter, Jr.
IPC分类号： F27B14/06 , F27B14/08 , F27D3/15 , H05B6/22
CPC分类号： F27D3/1527 , F27B14/063 , F27B2014/0818
摘要： A cold hearth for an electroslag refining crucible includes a floor above which a melt pools. The floor includes a drain for draining the melt by gravity. A plug is deployed inside the drain to block discharge of the melt therethrough, and an actuator is attached to the plug for withdrawing the plug from the drain to permit drainage of the melt upon startup.
摘要翻译：用于电渣精炼坩埚的冷炉包括在其上方的熔融池的地板。地板包括用于通过重力排出熔体的排水沟。在排水管内部设置塞子以堵塞熔体的排放，并且将致动器附接到塞子上，以从排水管抽出塞子，以允许在启动时熔化物排出。

39. 发明授权

US5722869A System and method for manufacturing x-ray tubes having metal envelopes utilizing a metal disk 失效
标题翻译：用于制造利用金属盘的具有金属封套的x射线管的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US5722869A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-03
申请号：US577162
申请日：1995-12-22
申请人： Thomas Robert Raber , Mark Gilbert Benz , Robert John Zabala
发明人： Thomas Robert Raber , Mark Gilbert Benz , Robert John Zabala
IPC分类号： H01J9/24 , H01J9/385 , H01J35/16 , H01J9/26 , B23K31/02
CPC分类号： H01J35/16 , H01J9/24 , H01J9/385 , H01J2235/20
摘要： Improved systems and methods are disclosed for exhausting and combined exhausting and seasoning of x-ray tubes having metal envelopes for high performance x-ray systems having a rotating anode therein. The methods and systems for sealing a metal tubulation, having a diameter greater than about 20 mm and operatively connected to the x-ray tube metal envelope, to a metal disk positioned inside the metal tubulation, the metal disk having a smaller diameter than at least one portion of the metal tubulation include providing a vacuum connection to the metal tubulation and a heater positioned on the outside of the metal tubulation; heating the anode of the x-ray tube to temperatures inside the x-ray tube metal envelope of about 1500.degree. C.; positioning the metal disk inside the metal tubulation proximate the position of the heater on the outside of the metal tubulation; heating the metal tubulation proximate the metal disk to a temperature sufficient to bond the metal disk to the metal tubulation; checking for bonding between the metal tubulation and the metal disk; and cooling the metal tubulation proximate the metal disk until the metal tubulation/metal disk connection is bonded.
摘要翻译：公开了改进的系统和方法，用于对具有其中具有旋转阳极的高性能x射线系统的具有金属包络的x射线管的排气和组合排气和调味。用于将具有大于约20mm的直径并且可操作地连接到x射线管金属外壳的金属管道密封到位于金属管内的金属盘的方法和系统，金属盘的直径小于至少金属管的一部分包括提供与金属管的真空连接和位于金属管的外侧的加热器; 将x射线管的阳极加热到大约1500℃的x射线管金属外壳内的温度。将金属盘定位在靠近金属管外侧的加热器位置的金属管内; 将靠近金属盘的金属管道加热到足以将金属盘结合到金属管的温度; 检查金属管和金属盘之间的接合; 并且在金属盘附近冷却金属管，直到金属管/金属盘连接被粘合。

40. 发明授权

US5670204A Nb--Sn precursors having controlled impurities and method of making 失效
标题翻译：具有可控杂质的Nb-Sn前体和制备方法
公开(公告)号：US5670204A
公开(公告)日：1997-09-23
申请号：US494743
申请日：1995-06-26
申请人： Melissa Lea Murray , Bruce Alan Knudsen , Christopher Gus King , Mark Gilbert Benz , Robert John Zabala , Anthony Mantone
发明人： Melissa Lea Murray , Bruce Alan Knudsen , Christopher Gus King , Mark Gilbert Benz , Robert John Zabala , Anthony Mantone
IPC分类号： C23C2/08 , C23C2/28 , C23C26/00 , H01L39/24 , B05D5/12
CPC分类号： H01L39/2409 , C23C2/08 , C23C2/28 , C23C26/00 , Y10S505/818
摘要： Nb--Sn precursor articles are described that include a Nb alloy article that is at least partially coated with a layer of a Sn alloy, such as a Sn--Cu alloy. The precursor articles described herein have a controlled concentration of the impurity elements As and S in the Sn alloy layer. The concentration of these elements in the Sn alloy layer is less than or equal to 50 ppm by weight. This invention also describes a method for making Nb--Sn precursor articles having a controlled concentration of As and S impurities.
摘要翻译：描述了Nb-Sn前体制品，其包括至少部分地涂覆有诸如Sn-Cu合金的Sn合金层的Nb合金制品。本文所述的前体制品在Sn合金层中具有受控的杂质元素As和S的浓度。这些元素在Sn合金层中的浓度小于或等于50重量ppm。本发明还描述了制备具有受控浓度的As和S杂质的Nb-Sn前体制品的方法。

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