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31. 发明授权

US06548202B2 Carbon-supported catalysts for fuel cells 失效
标题翻译：用于燃料电池的碳载催化剂
公开(公告)号：US06548202B2
公开(公告)日：2003-04-15
申请号：US09799183
申请日：2001-03-05
申请人： Stephen A. Campbell , Jason Edward Chisham , David P. Wilkinson
发明人： Stephen A. Campbell , Jason Edward Chisham , David P. Wilkinson
IPC分类号： H01M496
CPC分类号： H01M4/9083 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8846 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/1004 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： Carbon-supported catalysts are frequently employed in the electrodes of solid polymer fuel cells in order to make efficient use of the catalyst therein. The catalyst utilization in the electrode and the fuel cell performance can be further improved by introducing acidic surface oxide groups on the carbon-supported catalyst. The introduction of acidic surface oxide groups on the carbon-supported catalyst can be accomplished by treating the carbon-supported catalyst with a suitable acid, such as nitric acid, before incorporating the carbon-supported catalyst in a fuel cell electrode. The present technique is particularly suitable for use in solid polymer fuel cell cathodes.
摘要翻译：为了有效利用其中的催化剂，常常在固体聚合物燃料电池的电极中使用碳载体催化剂。通过在碳载体催化剂上引入酸性表面氧化物基，能够进一步提高电极中的催化剂利用率和燃料电池性能。在碳载体催化剂上引入酸性表面氧化物基团可以通过在将碳载体催化剂加入到燃料电池电极中之前，用合适的酸如硝酸处理碳负载的催化剂来实现。本技术特别适用于固体聚合物燃料电池阴极。

32. 发明授权

US5976726A Electrochemical cell with fluid distribution layer having integral sealing capability 失效
标题翻译：具有集成密封能力的流体分布层的电化学电池
公开(公告)号：US5976726A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-02
申请号：US846653
申请日：1997-05-01
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Juergen Stumper , Stephen A. Campbell , Michael T. Davis , Gordon J. Lamont
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Juergen Stumper , Stephen A. Campbell , Michael T. Davis , Gordon J. Lamont
IPC分类号： H01M8/02 , H01M8/10 , H01M8/24
CPC分类号： H01M8/241 , H01M8/0206 , H01M8/0213 , H01M8/0226 , H01M8/0228 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0236 , H01M8/0239 , H01M8/0243 , H01M8/0245 , H01M8/0256 , H01M8/0263 , H01M8/0271 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M8/0221 , Y10T29/4911 , Y10T428/30
摘要： An electrochemical fuel cell comprises a pair of separator plates and a pair of fluid distribution layers interposed between the separator plates. At least one of the fluid distribution layers comprises a sealing region and an electrically conductive, fluid permeable active region, and a preformed sheet material extending into each of the sealing region and the active region. An ion exchange membrane is interposed between at least a portion of the fluid distribution layers, and a quantity of electrocatalyst is interposed between at least a portion of each of the fluid distribution layers and at least a portion of the membrane, thereby defining the active region. Compression of the preformed sheet material by urging of the pair of plates towards each other renders the at least one fluid distribution layer substantially fluid impermeable in a direction parallel to the major planar surfaces, in the sealing region. The performed sheet material included in the at least one fluid distribution layer thus has intrinsic sealing capability. This approach reduces or eliminates the need for separate gaskets or sealing components and integrates several functions, such as sealing, fluid distribution, and current collection, in a single layer.
摘要翻译：一种电化学燃料电池包括一对分隔板和一对介于隔板之间的流体分布层。流体分配层中的至少一个包括密封区域和导电的，可流体渗透的有源区域，以及延伸到每个密封区域和活性区域中的预成型片材。在至少一部分流体分配层之间插入离子交换膜，并且在每个流体分配层的至少一部分和至少一部分膜之间插入一定量的电催化剂，由此限定有源区。通过使一对板彼此推动来压缩预成型片材使得至少一个流体分配层在密封区域中在平行于主平面的方向上基本上不可渗透。因此，包含在至少一个流体分配层中的所执行的片材具有固有的密封能力。这种方法减少或消除了对单独的垫片或密封部件的需求，并且在单层中集成了诸如密封，流体分配和电流收集的几个功能。

33. 发明授权

US5763765A Method and apparatus for detecting and locating perforations in membranes employed in electrochemical cells 失效
标题翻译：用于检测和定位在电化学电池中使用的膜中穿孔的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5763765A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-09
申请号：US719342
申请日：1996-09-25
申请人： Gordon J. Lamont , David P. Wilkinson
发明人： Gordon J. Lamont , David P. Wilkinson
IPC分类号： B01D65/10 , H01M2/14 , H01M8/02 , G01M3/04
CPC分类号： B01D65/102 , H01M2/14 , H01M8/0289
摘要： A method and apparatus detects and locates perforations in membranes used in electrochemical cells. The membrane has first and second oppositely facing major planar surfaces. The first surface is exposed to a first reactant fluid, preferably a gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen, while the second surface is exposed to a second reactant fluid, preferably ambient air comprising oxygen. The first and second reactant fluids are substantially fluidly isolated from each other by the membrane when no perforations are present in the membrane. The first reactant fluid contacts the second reactant fluid when at least one perforation is present in the membrane. The first and second reactant fluids exothermically react upon contact, preferably in the presence of a catalyst, to generate heat, which is then detected using an infrared thermal detector or thermal imaging device or a layer of thermally sensitive film positioned in proximity with the membrane.
摘要翻译：一种方法和装置检测并定位在电化学电池中使用的膜中的穿孔。膜具有第一和第二相对面的主平面。第一表面暴露于第一反应物流体，优选包含氢气的气体混合物，而第二表面暴露于第二反应物流体，优选包含氧的环境空气。当膜中没有穿孔时，第一和第二反应物流体通过膜基本上流体地隔离。当膜中存在至少一个穿孔时，第一反应物流体接触第二反应物流体。第一和第二反应物流体在接触时放热反应，优选在催化剂存在下放热反应产生热量，然后使用红外热检测器或热成像装置或位于膜附近的热敏膜层进行检测。

34. 发明申请

US20110269039A1 APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING VARIABLE POWER CONDITIONS IN A FUEL CELL 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于控制燃料电池中的可变功率条件的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US20110269039A1
公开(公告)日：2011-11-03
申请号：US13124480
申请日：2009-10-14
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Alfred Lam
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Alfred Lam
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/1011 , H01M8/04186 , H01M8/04276 , H01M8/04582 , H01M8/04611 , H01M8/04932 , H01M8/08 , Y02E60/523
摘要： A fuel cell comprises an anode having an inner face and an outer face fluidly communicable with a fuel; a cathode having an inner face ionically communicable with and physically separated from the anode inner face, and having an outer face fluidly communicable with an oxidant; and at least one movable guard movable over at least one of the anode outer face, cathode outer face, anode inner face, and cathode inner face. The guard has a structure sufficient to block at least part of one or more of the anode's communication with the fuel, the cathode's communication with the oxidant, and the ionic communication between the anode and cathode thereby reducing a maximum potential active area of the fuel cell to an effective active area of the fuel cell.
摘要翻译：燃料电池包括具有可与燃料流体连通的内表面和外表面的阳极; 阴极，其具有与阳极内表面离子地可连接并与物理分离的内表面，并且具有可与氧化剂流体连通的外表面; 以及至少一个可移动的保护件，可在阳极外表面，阴极外表面，阳极内表面和阴极内表面中的至少一个上移动。防护罩具有足以阻挡阳极与燃料的一个或多个连通的至少一部分的结构，阴极与氧化剂的连通以及阳极和阴极之间的离子连通，从而减少了燃料电池的最大潜在有效面积到燃料电池的有效活性区域。

35. 发明申请

US20100151354A1 Membraneless Fuel Cell And Method Of Operating Same 有权
标题翻译：无孔燃料电池及其操作方法相同
公开(公告)号：US20100151354A1
公开(公告)日：2010-06-17
申请号：US12598371
申请日：2008-04-30
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Alfred Lam
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Alfred Lam
IPC分类号： H01M8/08 , H01M8/00 , H01M4/92 , H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M4/92 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0234 , H01M8/04197 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1009
摘要： A direct fuel cell comprises a cathode comprising electroactive catalyst material; and an anode assembly comprising an anode having a porous layer and electroactive catalyst material in the porous layer. The electrode characteristics of the anode assembly are selected so that fuel supplied to the anode is reacted within the anode so that cross-over from the anode to the cathode does not have more than a 10% negative effect on voltage or a 25 mV voltage loss when at peak power and steady state conditions. The anode and cathode each have a first major surface facing each other in non-electrical contact and without a microporous separator or ion exchange membrane therebetween.
摘要翻译：直接燃料电池包括包含电活性催化剂材料的阴极; 以及阳极组件，其包括在所述多孔层中具有多孔层的阳极和电活性催化剂材料。选择阳极组件的电极特性使得供给阳极的燃料在阳极内反应，使得从阳极到阴极的交叉不会对电压或25mV的电压损失产生10％以上的负面影响在峰值功率和稳态条件下。阳极和阴极各自具有非电接触的彼此面对的第一主表面，并且在它们之间没有微孔分离器或离子交换膜。

36. 发明授权

US06936370B1 Solid polymer fuel cell with improved voltage reversal tolerance 有权
标题翻译：固体聚合物燃料电池具有改善的电压反转公差
公开(公告)号：US06936370B1
公开(公告)日：2005-08-30
申请号：US09643550
申请日：2000-08-22
申请人： Shanna D. Knights , David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell , Jared L. Taylor , John M. Gascoyne , Thomas R. Ralph
发明人： Shanna D. Knights , David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell , Jared L. Taylor , John M. Gascoyne , Thomas R. Ralph
IPC分类号： H01M4/86 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/92 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/10 , H01M10/42 , H01M4/96
CPC分类号： H01M4/9075 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/9083 , H01M4/925 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1007 , H01M10/4235 , H01M2004/8684 , H01M2300/0005 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： In a solid polymer fuel cell series, various circumstances can result in the fuel cell being driven into voltage reversal. For instance, cell voltage reversal can occur if that cell receives an inadequate supply of fuel (for example, fuel starvation). In order to pass current during fuel starvation, reactions other than fuel oxidation may take place at the fuel cell anode, including water electrolysis and oxidation of anode components. The latter may result in significant degradation of the anode. Such fuel cells can be made more tolerant to cell reversal by promoting water electrolysis over anode component oxidation at the anode. This can be accomplished by incorporating a catalyst composition at the anode to promote the water electrolysis reaction, in addition to the typical anode electrocatalyst for promoting fuel oxidation.
摘要翻译：在固体聚合物燃料电池系列中，各种情况可导致燃料电池被驱动进入电压反转。例如，如果该电池接收到不足的燃料供应（例如，燃料不足），则可能发生电池电压反转。为了在燃料不足期间通过电流，燃料氧化以外的反应可能发生在燃料电池阳极，包括水电解和阳极组件的氧化。后者可能导致阳极的显着降解。通过在阳极上的阳极组分氧化促进水电解，可以使这种燃料电池更容忍电池逆转。这可以通过在阳极处引入催化剂组合物以促进水电解反应来实现，除了用于促进燃料氧化的典型的阳极电催化剂之外。

37. 发明授权

US06841285B2 Impregnation of ion-exchange membranes to improve electrochemical fuel cell performance 失效
标题翻译：浸渍离子交换膜以改善电化学燃料电池性能
公开(公告)号：US06841285B2
公开(公告)日：2005-01-11
申请号：US10230953
申请日：2002-08-28
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Joy A. Roberts , Nengyou Jia , Eagranie Yuh , Shanna D. Knights , Jean St-Pierre
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Joy A. Roberts , Nengyou Jia , Eagranie Yuh , Shanna D. Knights , Jean St-Pierre
IPC分类号： B01D71/00 , C08J5/22 , C25B9/00 , H01M8/10
CPC分类号： C08J5/2287 , C08J2379/08 , H01M8/1023 , H01M8/1039 , H01M8/1048 , H01M8/1051
摘要： The electrochemical performance of an ion-exchange membrane in a fuel cell system may be improved by impregnating therein a perfluoroamine. The amine may be primary, secondary or tertiary. Further, the amine is preferably water insoluble or only slightly water soluble. For example, the amine may be perfluorotriamylamine or perfluorotributylamine. Use of such a membrane system within a fuel cell may allow high or low temperature operation (i.e. at temperatures greater than 100° C. or less than 0° C.) as well as operation at low relative humidity.
摘要翻译：燃料电池系统中的离子交换膜的电化学性能可以通过在其中浸渍全氟胺来改善。胺可以是伯，仲或叔。此外，胺优选为水不溶性或仅为微溶于水。例如，胺可以是全氟三胺或全氟三丁胺。在燃料电池中使用这种膜系统可以允许高温或低温操作（即，在大于100℃或低于0℃的温度下）以及在低相对湿度下的操作。

38. 发明授权

US06682839B2 Method and apparatus for controlling the temperature within an electrochemical fuel cell 失效
标题翻译：用于控制电化学燃料电池内的温度的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06682839B2
公开(公告)日：2004-01-27
申请号：US09848531
申请日：2001-05-03
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Bien Hung Chiem , Joy A. Roberts , Jean St-Pierre , Jürgen Stumper , Joerg Zimmermann
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Bien Hung Chiem , Joy A. Roberts , Jean St-Pierre , Jürgen Stumper , Joerg Zimmermann
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/04029 , H01M8/0202 , H01M8/04097 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04156 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A method of controlling the temperature within an electrochemical fuel cell stack comprises introducing a reactant fluid stream comprising both a heat transfer liquid and a reactant into a fuel cell assembly such that the reactant fluid stream contacts an electrode. The heat transfer liquid is other than water. Preferably, the method further comprises recirculating heat transfer liquid which is in the reactant exhaust stream, typically via a heat exchanger, and re-introducing it into the fuel cell assembly in the reactant fluid stream. The recirculated heat transfer liquid may be directed to a reservoir which in turn supplies heat transfer liquid to the reactant fluid stream as it is needed. In a further embodiment, the method may comprise using the heat transfer liquid to heat a fuel cell stack to a desired operating temperature rather than cooling the stack.
摘要翻译：控制电化学燃料电池堆内的温度的方法包括将包含传热液体和反应物的反应物流体流引入燃料电池组件，使得反应物流体流接触电极。传热液体不是水。优选地，该方法还包括通常通过热交换器再循环在反应物排气流中的传热液体，并将其重新引入到反应物流体流中的燃料电池组件中。再循环的传热液体可以被引导到储存器，储存器又根据需要将热传递液体提供给反应物流体流。在另一个实施例中，该方法可以包括使用传热液体将燃料电池堆加热到期望的操作温度，而不是冷却堆叠。

39. 发明授权

US06673480B1 Sensor cell for an electrochemical fuel cell stack 失效
标题翻译：用于电化学燃料电池堆的传感器电池
公开(公告)号：US06673480B1
公开(公告)日：2004-01-06
申请号：US09719829
申请日：2001-02-23
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Shanna D. Knights , Michael V. Lauritzen
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Shanna D. Knights , Michael V. Lauritzen
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/023 , H01M8/0263 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/0269 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/0432 , H01M8/04873 , H01M8/04902 , H01M8/04951 , H01M8/1011 , H01M8/2415 , H01M8/2483 , Y02E60/523
摘要： An electrochemical fuel cell stack includes a plurality of fuel cells. At least one of the fuel cells is a sensor cell. The sensor cell has at least one structural dissimilarity with respect to the remaining fuel cells of the plurality. The structural dissimilarity may include, for example, a reduced sensor cell electrochemically active area, reduced electrocatalyst loading, modified anode or cathode flow field, different electrocatalyst composition, or a modified coolant flow field configuration. The sensor cell operates under substantially the same conditions as the remaining cells in the stack. However, in response to a change in a particular stack operating condition, an electrical or thermal response, preferably a voltage change, is induced in the sensor cell which is not simultaneously induced in the remaining fuel cells. Thus, the sensor cell can detect undesirable conditions and its response can be used to initiate corrective action. More than one sensor cell, specific to different types of conditions, may be employed in the stack. In the absence of undesirable conditions, the sensor cell can function as a power-producing fuel cell.
摘要翻译：电化学燃料电池堆包括多个燃料电池。至少一个燃料电池是传感器单元。传感器单元相对于多个的剩余燃料电池具有至少一个结构不相似性。结构不相似性可以包括例如减少的传感器电池电化学活性区域，降低的电催化剂负载量，改进的阳极或阴极流场，不同的电催化剂组合物或改进的冷却剂流场构型。传感器单元在与堆叠中的剩余单元基本相同的条件下工作。然而，响应于特定堆栈操作条件的变化，在传感器单元中感应出电或热响应（优选电压变化），该传感器单元不会在剩余的燃料电池中同时被引发。因此，传感器单元可以检测不期望的条件，并且其响应可用于启动校正动作。可以在堆叠中使用针对不同类型条件的多于一个的传感器单元。在没有不期望的条件的情况下，传感器电池可以用作发电燃料电池。

40. 发明授权

US06638650B1 Method and apparatus for detecting transfer leaks in fuel cells and fuel cell stacks 失效
标题翻译：用于检测燃料电池和燃料电池堆中的转移泄漏的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06638650B1
公开(公告)日：2003-10-28
申请号：US09677104
申请日：2000-09-29
申请人： Ross W. J. Bailey , David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell
发明人： Ross W. J. Bailey , David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell
IPC分类号： H01M800
CPC分类号： H01M8/04671 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04552 , H01M8/04559 , H01M8/04679 , H01M8/04783
摘要： A method of detecting transfer leaks within a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack comprising a plurality of fuel cell assemblies includes supplying reactants and inert gas to the fuel, oxidant and/or coolant manifolds of the stack, as appropriate, and measuring the voltage across at least one of the fuel cell assemblies. An apparatus for detecting transfer leaks within solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks comprises a device for measuring the voltage across at least one of the fuel cell assemblies. Transfer leaks across the polymer electrolyte membrane, and across reactant-coolant bipolar plates, may be detected according to the present method and apparatus.
摘要翻译：在包括多个燃料电池组件的固体聚合物电解质燃料电池堆中检测转移泄漏的方法包括：将反应物和惰性气体酌情供应到堆的燃料，氧化剂和/或冷却剂歧管，并测量在至少一个燃料电池组件。用于检测固体聚合物电解质燃料电池堆内的转移泄漏的装置包括用于测量至少一个燃料电池组件上的电压的装置。可以根据本方法和装置检测穿过聚合物电解质膜和跨反应物 - 冷却剂双极板的渗漏。

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