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31. 发明授权

US06704391B2 System and method of aligning scintillator crystalline structures for computed tomography imaging 失效
标题翻译：用于计算机断层摄影成像的闪烁体晶体结构对准的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US06704391B2
公开(公告)日：2004-03-09
申请号：US10063235
申请日：2002-04-02
申请人： David M. Hoffman , Haochuan Jiang
发明人： David M. Hoffman , Haochuan Jiang
IPC分类号： H05G164
CPC分类号： C30B30/04
摘要： The present invention discloses a method of aligning scintillator crystalline structures for computed tomography imaging and a system of use. Crystal seeds are deposited inside a glass melt and are then grown to form a plurality of layer crystallites. While growing the crystallites, a field is applied to align each crystallite structure in a uniform orientation. As a result, the crystallites are configured to reduce light scattering and improve the overall efficiency of the CT system. A CT system is disclosed implementing a scintillator array having a plurality of scintillators, each scintillator being formed of a plurality of uniformly aligned crystallites. Each crystallite includes a receiving surface and an exiting surface configured perpendicular to an x-ray beam. Further, the receiving surface and the exiting surface are connected by a plurality of surface walls arranged parallel to the x-ray beam.
摘要翻译：本发明公开了一种用于计算层析成像的闪烁体晶体结构和使用系统的对准方法。将晶体种子沉积在玻璃熔体内，然后生长以形成多个层微晶。在生长微晶的同时，施加一个场以使均匀取向的每个微晶结构对准。结果，微晶被配置为减少光散射并提高CT系统的整体效率。公开了一种实现具有多个闪烁体的闪烁体阵列的CT系统，每个闪烁体由多个均匀排列的微晶形成。每个微晶包括接收表面和垂直于x射线束配置的出射表面。此外，接收表面和出射表面通过平行于x射线束布置的多个表面壁连接。

32. 发明授权

US06700948B2 Low-cost, multislice CT detector with multiple operating modes 有权
标题翻译：具有多种工作模式的低成本，多层CT检测器
公开(公告)号：US06700948B2
公开(公告)日：2004-03-02
申请号：US09735008
申请日：2000-12-12
申请人： David M. Hoffman
发明人： David M. Hoffman
IPC分类号： G01N2300
CPC分类号： A61B6/032 , A61B6/4085
摘要： One aspect of the present invention is a detector array for a computed tomographic imaging system having a z-direction corresponding to an image slice thickness direction and that is arc-shaped in a direction transverse to the z-direction. The detector array has a plurality of detector modules configured so that the detector array has active regions of differing thicknesses. This detector array embodiment provides an optimized detector array for certain imaging situations, for example, in cardiac imaging applications in which increased coverage is required only in a relatively small central portion of a field of view.
摘要翻译：本发明的一个方面是用于计算机断层成像系统的检测器阵列，其具有对应于图像切片厚度方向的z方向，并且在横向于z方向的方向上呈弧形。检测器阵列具有多个检测器模块，其被配置成使得检测器阵列具有不同厚度的有源区。该检测器阵列实施例为某些成像情况提供了优化的检测器阵列，例如在仅需要增加覆盖的心脏成像应用中在视场的相对小的中央部分。

33. 发明授权

US06480563B2 System and method of aligning scintillator crystalline structures for computed tomography imaging 失效
标题翻译：用于计算机断层摄影成像的闪烁体晶体结构对准的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US06480563B2
公开(公告)日：2002-11-12
申请号：US09681067
申请日：2000-12-19
申请人： David M. Hoffman , Haochuan Jiang
发明人： David M. Hoffman , Haochuan Jiang
IPC分类号： A61B600
CPC分类号： C30B30/04
摘要： The present invention discloses a method of aligning scintillator crystalline structures for computed tomography imaging and a system of use. Crystal seeds are deposited inside a glass melt and are then grown to form a plurality of layer crystallites. While growing the crystallites, a field is applied to align each crystallite structure in a uniform orientation. As a result, the crystallites are configured to reduce light scattering and improve the overall efficiency of the CT system. A CT system is disclosed implementing a scintillator array having a plurality of scintillators, each scintillator being formed of a plurality of uniformly aligned crystallites. Each crystallite includes a receiving surface and an exiting surface configured perpendicular to an x-ray beam. Further, the receiving surface and the exiting surface are connected by a plurality of surface walls arranged parallel to the x-ray beam.
摘要翻译：本发明公开了一种用于计算层析成像的闪烁体晶体结构和使用系统的对准方法。将晶体种子沉积在玻璃熔体内，然后生长以形成多个层微晶。在生长微晶的同时，施加一个场以使均匀取向的每个微晶结构对准。结果，微晶被配置为减少光散射并提高CT系统的整体效率。公开了一种实现具有多个闪烁体的闪烁体阵列的CT系统，每个闪烁体由多个均匀排列的微晶形成。每个微晶包括接收表面和垂直于x射线束配置的出射表面。此外，接收表面和出射表面通过平行于x射线束布置的多个表面壁连接。

34. 发明授权

US06480562B2 Apparatus and method of converting electromagnetic energy directly to electrons for computed tomography imaging 失效
标题翻译：将电磁能量直接转换为电子用于计算机断层成像的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US06480562B2
公开(公告)日：2002-11-12
申请号：US09681047
申请日：2000-12-05
申请人： Haochuan Jiang , David M. Hoffman
发明人： Haochuan Jiang , David M. Hoffman
IPC分类号： A61B600
CPC分类号： A61B6/5205 , A61B6/032 , G01V5/005
摘要： The present invention provides a detector for a multi-slice CT system. The detector includes a scintillator for receiving and converting high frequency electromagnetic energy directly to electrons. The detector is further configured to directly conduct the electrons. The detector comprises a compound formed of scintillator bulk and a conducting material capable of converting high frequency energy to electrons as well as conduct electrons. The CT system also provides for a gantry having an output for projecting high frequency electromagnetic energy toward the detector and a data acquisition system for receiving electrons directly from the detector. A method to provide imaging electrons to a CT system is also provided.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种用于多层CT系统的检测器。检测器包括用于接收并将高频电磁能量直接转换成电子的闪烁器。检测器还被配置为直接导电。检测器包括由闪烁器本体形成的化合物和能够将高频能转换成电子以及导电的导电材料。 CT系统还提供具有用于向检测器投射高频电磁能的输出的台架，以及用于从检测器直接接收电子的数据采集系统。还提供了向CT系统提供成像电子的方法。

35. 发明授权

US06437338B1 Method and apparatus for scanning a detector array in an x-ray imaging system 有权
标题翻译：用于在x射线成像系统中扫描检测器阵列的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06437338B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-20
申请号：US09407350
申请日：1999-09-29
申请人： David M. Hoffman
发明人： David M. Hoffman
IPC分类号： H01J4014
CPC分类号： H04N5/374 , H04N5/32 , H04N5/3415 , H04N5/3456
摘要： An x-ray detector includes a two-dimensional array of detector elements that is segmented into regions. The detector elements in each region may be separately gated, or may be gated in blocks of elements to read out data onto a common data line to a region pre-amplifier. A scan sequencer operates the gate control lines to perform a scan in which the spatial resolution of the data read out from each region of the detector array may be separately selected to optimize the x-ray detector for particular clinical applications.
摘要翻译： X射线检测器包括被分割成区域的检测器元件的二维阵列。每个区域中的检测器元件可以单独门控，或者可以在元件块中选通以将数据读出到公共数据线到区域前置放大器。扫描定序器操作栅极控制线以执行扫描，其中可以分别选择从检测器阵列的每个区域读出的数据的空间分辨率以优化用于特定临床应用的x射线检测器。

36. 发明授权

US5799057A Collimator and detector for computed tomography systems 失效
公开(公告)号：US5799057A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-25
申请号：US773083
申请日：1996-12-26
申请人： David M. Hoffman , Michael Thomas Mruzek , August O. Englert
发明人： David M. Hoffman , Michael Thomas Mruzek , August O. Englert
IPC分类号： G01T1/20 , A61B6/03 , A61B6/06 , G01N23/04 , G01T7/00 , G21K1/00
CPC分类号： A61B6/032 , A61B6/06 , A61B6/4291 , G01N23/046 , G01N2223/419
摘要： The present invention, in one form, is a scatter collimator for a computed tomography system including an x-ray source. The scatter collimator is positioned between a detector array and an object to be imaged. The scatter collimator includes a housing, a plurality of attenuating blades and a plurality of attenuating wires. The blades and wires are mounted to the housing, and oriented substantially perpendicular to each other. Particularly, the blades and wires form a two-dimensional shielding grid. The blades also are oriented so that they are radially and focally aligned with the x-ray source. A detector element of the detector array is secured to the housing so that the blades and wires are between the detector element and the x-ray source. The detector element, in one form, includes a scintillation element which is coated with a light-retaining material.

37. 发明授权

US4764679A Kinestatic charge detector 失效
标题翻译：金属电荷检测器
公开(公告)号：US4764679A
公开(公告)日：1988-08-16
申请号：US895725
申请日：1986-08-12
申请人： David L. McDaniel , Paul R. Granfors , David M. Hoffman
发明人： David L. McDaniel , Paul R. Granfors , David M. Hoffman
IPC分类号： A61B6/00 , G01T1/185 , H01J47/02 , H01J47/00
CPC分类号： H01J47/02
摘要： Quantum detection efficiency and spatial resolution in a kinestatic charge detector are improved by utilization of an x-ray transmissive device positioned within a collection volume of a kinestatic charge detector x-ray detection chamber for displacing the charge carrier generating medium within predetermined areas of the chamber. Within the chamber, quantum detection efficiency and spatial resolution are affected by distortion in electric field lines existing between a high voltage anode and a relatively low voltage collector electrode. The distorted field lines cause charge carriers generated in the medium by impinging radiation to impact on either the walls of the chamber or to follow non-linear paths between the point of creation and the collection electrode. By displacing the medium in the chamber in areas having the greatest electric field distortion, the quantum detection efficiency and spatial resolution are improved. In one embodiment an x-ray transmissive device is placed in the chamber adjacent an x-ray emitting window and has a portion extending partially into the space between the anode and collector electrode. In another embodiment, an additional device is positioned in the chamber adjacent a rear wall thereof for displacing the medium in the rear portion of the chamber.
摘要翻译：通过利用位于感性电荷检测器x射线检测室的收集体积内的x射线透射装置来改善活性电荷检测器中的量子检测效率和空间分辨率，用于将电荷载体产生介质置于腔室的预定区域内。在室内，量子检测效率和空间分辨率受到存在于高压阳极和相对低压集电极之间的电场线的失真的影响。畸变的场线引起在介质中产生的电荷载体，通过冲击辐射来冲击室的壁或者沿着创建点和收集电极之间的非线性路径。通过在具有最大电场失真的区域中移动腔室中的介质，提高了量子检测效率和空间分辨率。在一个实施例中，x射线透射装置被放置在邻近X射线发射窗口的腔室中，并且具有部分地延伸到阳极和集电极之间的空间的部分。在另一个实施例中，附加装置邻近其后壁定位在腔室中，用于移动腔室后部的介质。

38. 发明授权

US4491732A Optical potting of solid-state detector cells 失效
标题翻译：固态检测器电池的光学灌封
公开(公告)号：US4491732A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-01
申请号：US411419
申请日：1982-08-25
申请人： Dennis H. Pritzkow , Neil W. Loomis , Thomas M. Golner , David M. Hoffman
发明人： Dennis H. Pritzkow , Neil W. Loomis , Thomas M. Golner , David M. Hoffman
IPC分类号： G01T1/164 , G01T1/20
CPC分类号： G01T1/2018 , G01T1/1644
摘要： In a modular solid state detector of the type including a scintillator and diodes for converting x-ray flux to a measurable electrical signal, the diodes are mounted out of the path of incident x-radiation to minimize noise and to limit degradation. The resulting configuration reduces efficiency because the active diode area is limited and the length of the light path between the scintillator and diode is increased. In order to compensate for that reduction in efficiency, optical potting material is used to join the scintillator to the diodes in order to minimize light attenuation between those elements. In addition, the outer surface of the cured optical potting material is coated with a thin specular layer of silver to keep the light within the optical potting material and thus most efficiently reflected from the scintillator to the diode.
摘要翻译：在包括用于将x射线通量转换成可测量电信号的闪烁体和二极管的模块化固态检测器中，二极管被安装在入射x辐射的路径之外，以使噪声最小化并限制退化。所产生的配置降低了效率，因为有源二极管面积是有限的，并且闪烁体和二极管之间的光路长度增加。为了补偿效率的降低，使用光封装材料将闪烁体连接到二极管，以便使这些元件之间的光衰减最小化。此外，固化的光封装材料的外表面涂覆有薄的镜面银层，以将光保持在光封装材料内，从而最有效地从闪烁体反射到二极管。

39. 发明授权

US07778382B2 CT imaging system with multiple peak x-ray source 有权
标题翻译： CT成像系统具有多峰X射线源
公开(公告)号：US07778382B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-17
申请号：US11465472
申请日：2006-08-18
申请人： David M. Hoffman
发明人： David M. Hoffman
IPC分类号： H05G1/02 , H01J35/06 , G21K3/00
CPC分类号： A61B6/032 , A61B6/027 , A61B6/4007 , A61B6/4021 , A61B6/4035 , A61B6/4241 , A61B6/482 , H01J35/06 , H01J2235/068
摘要： An x-ray source (32) for performing energy discrimination within an imaging system (10) includes a cathode-emitting device (82) for emitting electrons and an anode (81) that has a target (80) whereupon the electrons impinge to generate an x-ray beam (93) with multiple x-ray quantity energy peaks (116 and 120). A method of performing energy discrimination in the imaging system (10) includes emitting the electrons. The x-ray beam (93) with the x-ray quantity energy peaks (116 and 120) is generated. The x-ray beam (93) is directed through an object (44) and is thereafter received. An x-ray image having multiple energy differentiable characteristics is generated in response to the x-ray beam (93) as received.
摘要翻译：用于在成像系统（10）内执行能量鉴别的x射线源（32）包括用于发射电子的阴极发射器件（82）和具有靶（80）的阳极（81），因此电子撞击以产生具有多个X射线量能量峰值（116和120）的x射线束（93）。在成像系统（10）中执行能量鉴别的方法包括发射电子。产生具有x射线量能量峰值（116和120）的x射线束（93）。 x射线束（93）被引导通过物体（44），然后被接收。响应于所接收的x射线束（93）产生具有多个能量可微特性的X射线图像。

40. 发明授权

US07769127B2 Pre-subject filters for CT detectors and methods of making same 有权
标题翻译： CT检测器的前置滤波器及其制作方法
公开(公告)号：US07769127B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-03
申请号：US11533611
申请日：2006-09-20
申请人： David M. Hoffman
发明人： David M. Hoffman
IPC分类号： A61B6/03
CPC分类号： G21K1/025
摘要： Cast collimators for use in CT imaging systems are described, as are methods of making them. Such collimators may comprise pre-patient collimators, pre-patient filter/collimator assemblies, and/or post-patient collimators. The filters and/or collimators may be made of any suitable high-density, high atomic number material such as lead, a lead alloy, tantalum, tungsten, tungsten suspended in an epoxy matrix, tungsten suspended in a slurry, or the like. Embodiments of these collimators comprise specially-designed channels and vanes that allow them to be precision cast to the necessary degree of accuracy. These channels and vanes are preferably tapered. These collimators and filter/collimator assemblies help minimize the x-ray dose to the patient by minimizing the scattered radiation creation mechanism and by collimating out much of the scattered radiation that would otherwise be subjected to the patient. These collimators may be cast as either single piece structures, or multiple pieces that can be operatively connected together.
摘要翻译：描述了用于CT成像系统的投射准直仪，以及制作它们的方法。这种准直器可以包括患者前准直仪，患者前过滤器/准直器组件和/或患者后准直仪。过滤器和/或准直器可以由任何合适的高密度，高原子序数的材料制成，例如铅，铅合金，钽，钨，悬浮在环氧基体中的钨，悬浮在浆液中的钨等。这些准直器的实施例包括专门设计的通道和叶片，使得它们能够精确地铸造到必要的精度。这些通道和叶片优选是锥形的。这些准直器和过滤器/准直器组件通过最小化散射辐射产生机制并且通过准直许多否则将经受患者的散射辐射来帮助使患者的x射线剂量最小化。这些准直器可以被铸造为单件结构，或者可以可操作地连接在一起的多个件。

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