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21. 发明授权

US4924485A Portable radiography system using a relativistic electron beam 失效
标题翻译：使用相对论电子束的便携式射线照相系统
公开(公告)号：US4924485A
公开(公告)日：1990-05-08
申请号：US99850
申请日：1987-09-22
申请人： Robert F. Hoeberling
发明人： Robert F. Hoeberling
IPC分类号： H05G2/00 , G01N23/04 , G21G4/02 , G21K1/00 , H01J27/02 , H01J35/00 , H05H3/06 , H05H5/00
CPC分类号： H01J35/00 , H05H3/06 , H05H5/00
摘要： A portable radiographic generator is provided with an explosive magnetic flux compression generator producing the high voltage necessary to generate a relativistic electron beam. The relativistic electron beam is provided with target materials which generates the desired radiographic pulse. The magnetic flux compression generator may require at least two conventional explosively driven generators in series to obtain a desired output voltage of at least 1 MV. The cathode and anode configuration of the diode are selected to provide a switching action wherein a high impedance load is presented to the magnetic flux compression generator when the high voltage is being generated, and thereafter switching to a low impedance load to generate the relativistic electron beam. Magnetic flux compression generators can be explosively driven and provided in a relatively compact, portable form for use with the relativistic x-ray equipment.
摘要翻译：便携式射线照相发生器设置有产生产生相对论电子束所需的高电压的爆炸性磁通压缩发生器。相对论电子束具有产生所需射线照相脉冲的目标材料。磁通量压缩发生器可能需要串联的至少两个常规的爆炸驱动发电机以获得至少1MV的期望的输出电压。选择二极管的阴极和阳极配置以提供开关动作，其中当产生高电压时向磁通量压缩发生器提供高阻抗负载，然后切换到低阻抗负载以产生相对论电子束。磁通压缩发生器可以爆炸式驱动，并以相对紧凑的便携式形式提供，与相对论X射线设备一起使用。

22. 发明授权

US4812775A Electrostatic ion accelerator 失效
标题翻译：静电离子加速器
公开(公告)号：US4812775A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-14
申请号：US72883
申请日：1987-07-20
申请人： Robert E. Klinkowstein , Ruth Shefer
发明人： Robert E. Klinkowstein , Ruth Shefer
IPC分类号： H01J27/00 , A61N5/10 , G01Q20/02 , G21K1/14 , H05H5/00 , H05H5/06 , H05H1/03
CPC分类号： G21K1/14 , A61N5/10 , H05H5/00 , H05H5/06 , A61N2005/1087
摘要： A high current (0.2 to at least 2 milliamperes), low-energy (2.2 to 4 MV) ion beam is generated and is utilized to produce clinically significant quantities of medical isotopes useful in applications such as positron emission tomography. For a preferred embodiment, a tandem accelerator is utilized. Negative ions generated by a high current negative-ion source are accelerated by an electrostatic accelerator in which the necessary high voltage is produced by a solid state power supply. The accelerated ions then enter a stripping cell which removes electrons from the ions, converting them into positive ions. The positive ions are then accelerated to a target which is preferably at ground potential. For a preferred embodiment, the solid state power supply utilized to develop the required voltages is a cascade rectifier power supply which is coaxial with the accelerator between the ion source and the stripper, and is designed to have a voltage gradient which substantially matches the maximum voltage gradient of the accelerator.
摘要翻译：产生高电流（0.2至至少2毫安），低能量（2.2至4 MV）离子束，并用于产生临床显着量的医用同位素，可用于正电子发射断层扫描等应用。对于优选实施例，使用串联加速器。由高电流负离子源产生的负离子被固体电源产生必要的高电压的静电促进器加速。然后，加速离子进入剥离电池，从离子中去除电子，将其转化为正离子。然后将正离子加速至优选为地电位的靶。对于优选实施例，用于开发所需电压的固态电源是与离子源和汽提器之间的加速器同轴的级联整流器电源，并被设计成具有与最大电压基本匹配的电压梯度加速器的梯度。

23. 发明授权

US3657539A Method and device for modulating or stabilizing a neutron flux obtained from an ion accelerator 失效
标题翻译：用于调节或稳定从离子加速器获得的中性粒子的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US3657539A
公开(公告)日：1972-04-18
申请号：US3657539D
申请日：1969-06-16
申请人： COMMISSARIAT ENERGIE ATOMIQUE
发明人： PIERSON ALEXANDRE
IPC分类号： H05H3/06 , H05H5/00 , G01T3/00
CPC分类号： H05H3/06 , H05H5/00
摘要： A method and device for modulating or stabilizing a neutron flux obtained by bombarding a suitably charged target with nuclear particles which are produced in a pulsed form. The pulsation frequency of the particle source is modulated or stabilized and the duration of the pulsations of said source is controlled in dependence on the measurement of the neutron production rate of the target.
摘要翻译：用于调制或稳定通过以脉冲形式产生的核粒子轰击适当带电的靶获得的中子通量的方法和装置。粒子源的脉动频率被调制或稳定，并且根据目标的中子产生速率的测量来控制所述源的脉动持续时间。

24. 发明授权

US2608664A Method of generating an accurately focused beam of charged particles 失效
标题翻译：产生精确聚焦的带电粒子束的方法
公开(公告)号：US2608664A
公开(公告)日：1952-08-26
申请号：US12808449
申请日：1949-11-18
申请人： RESEARCH CORP
发明人： DE GRAAFF ROBERT J VAN , WEBER BUECHNER WILLIAM
IPC分类号： H01J5/06 , H05H5/00
CPC分类号： H05H5/00 , H01J5/06

25. 发明授权

US2233768A Converter 失效
公开(公告)号：US2233768A
公开(公告)日：1941-03-04
申请号：US29184239
申请日：1939-08-25
申请人： GEN ELECTRIC
发明人： ERNST BRUCHE
IPC分类号： H05H5/00
CPC分类号： H05H5/00

26. 发明授权

US11958741B2 Method for splitting carbon dioxide into molecular oxygen and carbon 有权
公开(公告)号：US11958741B2
公开(公告)日：2024-04-16
申请号：US17397826
申请日：2021-08-09
申请人： California Institute of Technology
发明人： Yunxi Yao , Konstantinos P. Giapis
IPC分类号： C01B13/02 , B01J19/12 , C01B32/05 , C01B32/19 , H05H1/46 , H05H5/00
CPC分类号： C01B13/0203 , B01J19/123 , C01B32/05 , C01B32/19 , H05H1/46 , H05H5/00 , H05H2245/10
摘要： Apparatus and methods for facilitating an intramolecular reaction that occurs in single collisions of CO2 molecules (or their derivatives amenable to controllable acceleration, such as CO2+ ions) with a solid surface, such that molecular oxygen (or its relevant analogs, e.g., O2+ and O2− ions) is directly produced are provided. The reaction is driven by kinetic energy and is independent of surface composition and temperature. The methods and apparatus may be used to remove CO2 from Earth's atmosphere, while, in other embodiments, the methods and apparatus may be used to prevent the atmosphere's contamination with CO2 emissions. In yet other embodiments, the methods and apparatus may be used to obtain molecular oxygen in CO2-rich environments, such as to facilitate exploration of extraterrestrial bodies with CO2-rich atmospheres (e.g. Mars).

27. 发明授权

US07053565B2 Electrostatic fluid accelerator for and a method of controlling fluid flow 失效
标题翻译：静电流体促进剂和控制流体流动的方法
公开(公告)号：US07053565B2
公开(公告)日：2006-05-30
申请号：US10847438
申请日：2004-05-18
申请人： Igor A. Krichtafovitch , Vladimir L. Gorobets
发明人： Igor A. Krichtafovitch , Vladimir L. Gorobets
IPC分类号： H05H7/00
CPC分类号： B03C3/017 , B03C3/08 , B03C3/12 , B03C3/368 , B03C3/41 , B03C3/68 , B03C2201/04 , B03C2201/14 , H05H1/48 , H05H5/00 , H05H2001/481
摘要： An electrostatic fluid acceleration and method of operation thereof includes at least two synchronously powered stages with final or rear-most electrodes of one stage maintained at substantially the same instantaneous voltage as the immediately adjacent initial or forward-most electrodes of a next stage in an airflow direction. A single power supply or synchronized and phase controlled power supplies provide high voltage power to each of the stages such that both the phase and amplitude of the electric power applied to the corresponding electrodes are aligned in time. The frequency and phase control allows neighboring stages to be closely spaced at a distance of from 1 to 2 times an inter-electrode distance within a stage, and, in any case, minimizing or avoiding production of a back corona current from a corona discharge electrode of one stage to an electrode of a neighboring stage. Corona discharge electrodes of neighboring stages may be horizontally aligned, complementary collector electrodes of all stages being similarly horizontally aligned between and horizontally offset from the corona discharge electrodes.
摘要翻译：静电流体加速及其操作方法包括至少两个同步动力的级，其中一级的最终或最后电极保持在与气流中的下一级的紧邻的初始或最前端的电极基本相同的瞬时电压方向。单个电源或同步和相位控制的电源为每个级提供高电压功率，使得施加到相应电极的电功率的相位和幅度都及时对准。频率和相位控制允许相邻级在一级内的电极间距离的1至2倍的距离内紧密间隔，并且在任何情况下，最小化或避免从电晕放电电极产生后电晕电流一级到相邻级的电极。相邻级的电晕放电电极可以水平对准，所有级的互补的集电极电极类似地在电晕放电电极之间水平对准并且水平偏移。

28. 发明授权

US06724189B2 Nuclear decay laser and method 失效
标题翻译：核衰变激光和方法
公开(公告)号：US06724189B2
公开(公告)日：2004-04-20
申请号：US10025053
申请日：2001-12-18
申请人： Henry J. Stern
发明人： Henry J. Stern
IPC分类号： G01N300
CPC分类号： H05H5/00 , A61N5/10 , G21G1/12
摘要： A nuclear decay laser that produces a stream of nuclear decay particles and/or photons of electromagnetic radiation. The stream of nuclear decay particles and/or photons is produced by subjecting radioactive materials to an external magnetic field which causes the radioactive nuclei to align with and precess around the external magnetic field vector. The precessing radioactive nuclei are then subjected to Radio Frequency (RF) pulses tuned to the Larmor frequency of the precessing nuclei which causes the nuclei to flip out of the plane of the external magnetic field vector into the X-Y plane. A refocusing RF pulse is then applied to the radioactive material which brings all of the magnetic moments of the flipped radioactive nuclei into phase. This can also be achieved with MRI gradient echo technology. When the initial RF pulse is discontinued, the flipped radioactive nuclei undergo T1 or spin-lattice relaxation which occurs when the radioactive nuclei relax back into phase with the external magnetic field vector during the process of T1 relaxation. The radioactive nuclei undergo accelerated coordinated decay with emission of a laser type pulse of electromagnetic radiation or particles according to the decay scheme of the radioactive nucleus. Alternatively, a ray of energy and/or particles is released when radioactive nuclei capable of undergoing fission experience a coordinated, accelerated fission reaction achieved when the refocusing RF pulse or gradient echo brings the radioactive nuclei into a coherent phase. The release of energy and/or particles can be focused and used in medical treatment and imaging, industrial and military applications, and for the production of energy. In addition, these methods of accelerating nuclear decay can be used to treat unwanted radioactive materials to background radiation levels providing for a way of disposing of unwanted nuclear waste.
摘要翻译：产生核衰变粒子和/或电磁辐射光子的核衰变激光器。核衰变颗粒和/或光子流是通过使放射性材料进入外部磁场而产生的，该外部磁场使得放射性核与外部磁场矢量对准并进入周围。然后将进动中的放射性核经受调谐到进动核的拉莫尔频率的射频（RF）脉冲，这导致核从外部磁场矢量的平面翻转到X-Y平面内。然后将重新聚焦的RF脉冲施加到放射性材料上，其使翻转的放射性核的所有磁矩进入相位。这也可以用MRI梯度回波技术实现。当初始RF脉冲停止时，翻转的放射性核经历T1或自旋晶格弛豫，当放电核在T1弛豫过程中放大核与外部磁场矢量放松回相时发生。根据放射性核的衰变方案，放射性核经过加速协调衰变，发射激光脉冲的电磁辐射或粒子。或者，当重聚焦RF脉冲或梯度回波使放射性核进入相干相时，当能够经历裂变的放射性核经历协调的加速裂变反应时，释放能量射线和/或粒子。能量和/或颗粒的释放可以集中在医疗和成像，工业和军事应用以及能量生产中。此外，加速核衰减的这些方法可用于将不需要的放射性物质用于处理不需要的核废料的背景辐射水平。

29. 发明授权

US06331774B1 Nuclear decay laser and method 有权
标题翻译：核衰变激光和方法
公开(公告)号：US06331774B1
公开(公告)日：2001-12-18
申请号：US09303480
申请日：1999-04-30
申请人： Henry J. Stern
发明人： Henry J. Stern
IPC分类号： G01V300
CPC分类号： H05H5/00 , A61N5/10 , G21G1/12
摘要： A nuclear decay laser that produces a stream of nuclear decay particles and/or photons of electromagnetic radiation. The stream of nuclear decay particles and/or photons is produced by subjecting radioactive materials to an external magnetic field which causes the radioactive nuclei to align with and precess around the external magnetic field vector. The precessing radioactive nuclei are then subjected to Radio Frequency (RF) pulses tuned to the Larmor frequency of the precessing nuclei which causes the nuclei to flip out of the plane of the external magnetic field vector into the X-Y plane. A refocusing RF pulse is then applied to the radioactive material which brings all of the magnetic moments of the flipped radioactive nuclei into phase. This can also be achieved with MRI gradient echo technology. When the initial RF pulse is discontinued, the flipped radioactive nuclei undergo T1 or spin-lattice relaxation which occurs when the radioactive nuclei relax back into phase with the external magnetic field vector during the process of T1 relaxation. The radioactive nuclei undergo accelerated coordinated decay with emission of a laser type pulse of electromagnetic radiation or particles according to the decay scheme of the radioactive nucleus. Alternatively, a ray of energy and/or particles is released when radioactive nuclei capable of undergoing fission experience a coordinated, accelerated fission reaction achieved when the refocusing RF pulse or gradient echo brings the radioactive nuclei into a coherent phase. The release of energy and/or particles can be focused and used in medical treatment and imaging, industrial and military applications, and for the production of energy. In addition, these methods of accelerating nuclear decay can be used to treat unwanted radioactive materials to background radiation levels providing for a way of disposing of unwanted nuclear waste.
摘要翻译：产生核衰变粒子和/或电磁辐射光子的核衰变激光器。核衰变颗粒和/或光子流是通过使放射性材料进入外部磁场而产生的，该外部磁场使得放射性核与外部磁场矢量对准并进入周围。然后将进动中的放射性核经受调谐到进动核的拉莫尔频率的射频（RF）脉冲，这导致核从外部磁场矢量的平面翻转到X-Y平面内。然后将重新聚焦的RF脉冲施加到放射性材料上，其使翻转的放射性核的所有磁矩进入相位。这也可以用MRI梯度回波技术实现。当初始RF脉冲停止时，翻转的放射性核经历T1或自旋晶格弛豫，当放电核在T1弛豫过程中放大核与外部磁场矢量放松回相时发生。根据放射性核的衰变方案，放射性核经过加速协调衰变，发射激光脉冲的电磁辐射或粒子。或者，当重聚焦RF脉冲或梯度回波使放射性核进入相干相时，当能够经历裂变的放射性核经历协调的加速裂变反应时，释放能量射线和/或粒子。能量和/或颗粒的释放可以集中在医疗和成像，工业和军事应用以及能量生产中。此外，加速核衰减的这些方法可用于将不需要的放射性物质用于处理不需要的核废料的背景辐射水平。

30. 发明授权

US5576593A Apparatus for accelerating electrically charged particles 失效
标题翻译：用于加速带电粒子的装置
公开(公告)号：US5576593A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-19
申请号：US301078
申请日：1994-09-06
申请人： Christoph Schultheiss , Martin Konijnenberg , Markus Schwall
发明人： Christoph Schultheiss , Martin Konijnenberg , Markus Schwall
IPC分类号： H01J37/077 , H05H1/06 , H05H1/24 , H05H1/54 , H05H5/00 , H05H9/00
CPC分类号： H05H1/06 , H05H5/00
摘要： In an apparatus for accelerating electrically charged particles from a pulsed plasma reservoir of high particle density in a dielectric tubular chamber which extends from the reservoir and is surrounded by at least two electrodes of which one is disposed at the wall of the reservoir, the dielectric tubular chamber is partially evacuated to a sufficiently low pressure p such that the product of the gas pressure p and the inner diameter d of the tubular chamber is low enough to avoid parasitic discharges in the residual gas charge, and a voltage is applied to the electrodes such that the particles are drawn into the dielectric tubular chamber with high flow density and are accelerated therein thereby forming a charged particle beam whereby the residual gas charge in the dielectric tubular chamber is ionized along the inside wall of the tubular chamber and polarized such that the wall of the dielectric tubular chamber becomes repulsive for the charged particle beam and its axis becomes attractive whereby the charged particle beam is electrostatically focussed and exits the dielectric tubular chamber with log losses.
摘要翻译：在用于从介质管状室中的高颗粒密度的脉冲等离子体储存器加速带电粒子的设备中，该介质管状室从储存器延伸并且被至少两个电极围绕，其中电极设置在储存器的壁处，介电管室被部分抽空到足够低的压力p，使得管状室的气体压力p和内径d的乘积足够低以避免残留气体充电中的寄生放电，并且向电极施加电压颗粒被吸入到具有高流动密度的介质管状室中并在其中被加速，由此形成带电粒子束，由此电介质管腔室中的残余气体电荷沿着管状室的内壁离子化并且被极化，使得壁介质管状室对于带电粒子束变得排斥，其轴线变为由此带电粒子束被静电聚焦并离开具有对数损失的介质管状室。

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