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21. 发明授权

US6093308A Sensors for detecting analytes in fluids 有权
标题翻译：用于检测流体中分析物的传感器
公开(公告)号：US6093308A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-25
申请号：US258713
申请日：1999-02-26
申请人： Nathan S. Lewis , Erik Severin
发明人： Nathan S. Lewis , Erik Severin
IPC分类号： G01N27/12 , G01N33/00 , G01N27/26
CPC分类号： G01N27/126 , G01N33/0031
摘要： Chemical sensors for detecting analytes in fluids comprise first and second conductive elements (e.g., electrical leads) electrically coupled to and separated by a chemically sensitive resistor which provides an electrical path between the conductive elements. The resistor comprises a plurality of alternating nonconductive regions (comprising a nonconductive organic polymer) and conductive regions (comprising a conductive material) transverse to the electrical path. The resistor provides a difference in resistance between the conductive elements when contacted with a fluid comprising a chemical analyte at a first concentration, than when contacted with a fluid comprising the chemical analyte at a second different concentration. Arrays of such sensors are constructed with at least two sensors having different chemically sensitive resistors providing dissimilar such differences in resistance. Variability in chemical sensitivity from sensor to sensor is provided by qualitatively or quantitatively varying the composition of the conductive and/or nonconductive regions. An electronic nose for detecting an analyte in a fluid may be constructed by using such arrays in conjunction with an electrical measuring device electrically connected to the conductive elements of each sensor.
摘要翻译：用于检测流体中的分析物的化学传感器包括电耦合到化学敏感电阻器并且由化学敏感电阻器分隔的第一和第二导电元件（例如电引线），其提供导电元件之间的电路径。电阻器包括多个交替的非导电区域（包括非导电有机聚合物）和横向于电路径的导电区域（包括导电材料）。当与包含第一浓度的化学分析物的流体接触时，电阻器在与包含化学分析物的流体以第二不同浓度接触时与导电元件之间的电阻差异。这种传感器的阵列由具有不同化学敏感电阻器的至少两个传感器构成，提供不同的电阻差异。通过定性地或定量地改变导电和/或非导电区域的组成来提供从传感器到传感器的化学敏感性的变化。用于检测流体中的分析物的电子鼻可以通过使用这样的阵列结合电连接到每个传感器的导电元件的电测量装置来构造。

22. 发明授权

US5571401A Sensor arrays for detecting analytes in fluids 失效
公开(公告)号：US5571401A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-05
申请号：US410809
申请日：1995-03-27
申请人： Nathan S. Lewis , Michael S. Freund
发明人： Nathan S. Lewis , Michael S. Freund
IPC分类号： G01N27/12 , G01N33/00 , G01N33/02 , G01N33/14 , G01N33/497 , G01N27/26
CPC分类号： G01N27/126 , G01N33/0031 , G01N33/497 , Y10S435/817
摘要： Chemical sensors for detecting analytes in fluids comprise first and second conductive elements (e.g. electrical leads) electrically coupled to and separated by a chemically sensitive resistor which provides an electrical path between the conductive elements. The resistor comprises a plurality of alternating nonconductive regions (comprising a nonconductive organic polymer) and conductive regions (comprising a conductive material) transverse to the electrical path. The resistor provides a difference in resistance between the conductive elements when contacted with a fluid comprising a chemical analyte at a first concentration, than when contacted with a fluid comprising the chemical analyte at a second different concentration. Arrays of such sensors are constructed with at least two sensors having different chemically sensitive resistors providing dissimilar such differences in resistance. Variability in chemical sensitivity from sensor to sensor is provided by qualitatively or quantitatively varying the composition of the conductive and/or nonconductive regions. An electronic nose for detecting an analyte in a fluid may be constructed by using such arrays in conjunction with an electrical measuring device electrically connected to the conductive elements of each sensor.

23. 发明授权

US09034685B2 Methodology for forming pnictide compositions suitable for use in microelectronic devices 有权
标题翻译：用于形成适用于微电子器件的聚合物组合物的方法
公开(公告)号：US09034685B2
公开(公告)日：2015-05-19
申请号：US13984765
申请日：2012-02-10
申请人： Gregory M. Kimball , Jeffrey P. Bosco , Harry A. Atwater , Nathan S. Lewis , Marty W. Degroot , James C. Stevens
发明人： Gregory M. Kimball , Jeffrey P. Bosco , Harry A. Atwater , Nathan S. Lewis , Marty W. Degroot , James C. Stevens
IPC分类号： H01L21/00 , H01L31/18 , C30B23/02 , C30B29/40 , H01L21/02 , H01L31/032 , H01L31/0392 , H01L31/068 , H01L31/075
CPC分类号： H01L31/18 , C30B23/02 , C30B29/40 , H01L21/02395 , H01L21/02409 , H01L21/02538 , H01L21/02568 , H01L21/02573 , H01L21/0262 , H01L21/02631 , H01L31/0321 , H01L31/0392 , H01L31/068 , H01L31/075 , Y02E10/547 , Y02E10/548
摘要： The present invention provides methods for making pnictide compositions, particularly photoactive and/or semiconductive pnictides. In many embodiments, these compositions are in the form of thin films grown on a wide range of suitable substrates to be incorporated into a wide range of microelectronic devices, including photovoltaic devices, photodetectors, light emitting diodes, betavoltaic devices, thermoelectric devices, transistors, other optoelectronic devices, and the like. As an overview, the present invention prepares these compositions from suitable source compounds in which a vapor flux is derived from a source compound in a first processing zone, the vapor flux is treated in a second processing zone distinct from the first processing zone, and then the treated vapor flux, optionally in combination with one or more other ingredients, is used to grow pnictide films on a suitable substrate.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了制备胭脂红组合物，特别是光活性和/或半导体聚合物的方法。在许多实施方案中，这些组合物是在宽范围的合适的衬底上生长的薄膜的形式，以被并入到宽范围的微电子器件中，包括光电器件，光电探测器，发光二极管，贝塔伏伏器件，热电器件，晶体管，其他光电子器件等。作为概述，本发明从合适的源化合物制备这些组合物，其中蒸气通量来源于第一处理区中的源化合物，蒸气通量在不同于第一处理区的第二处理区中处理，然后经处理的蒸气通量，任选地与一种或多种其他成分组合，用于在合适的底物上生长pnictide膜。

24. 发明申请

US20120313073A1 NICKEL-BASED ELECTROCATALYTIC PHOTOELECTRODES 有权
标题翻译：镍基电化学光电
公开(公告)号：US20120313073A1
公开(公告)日：2012-12-13
申请号：US13491253
申请日：2012-06-07
申请人： James R. McKone , Harry B. Gray , Nathan S. Lewis , Bruce Brunschwig , Emily L. Warren , Shannon W. Boettcher , Matthew J. Bierman
发明人： James R. McKone , Harry B. Gray , Nathan S. Lewis , Bruce Brunschwig , Emily L. Warren , Shannon W. Boettcher , Matthew J. Bierman
IPC分类号： H01L31/0224
CPC分类号： C01B3/042 , B01J35/004 , C25B1/003 , C25D3/12 , C25D5/006 , C25D7/12 , Y02E60/364
摘要： A photoelectrode, methods of making and using, including systems for water-splitting are provided. The photoelectrode can be a semiconductive material having a photocatalyst such as nickel or nickel-molybdenum coated on the material.
摘要翻译：提供光电极，制造和使用方法，包括水分解系统。该光电极可以是具有涂覆在该材料上的诸如镍或镍 - 钼的光催化剂的半导体材料。

25. 发明申请

US20110309477A1 GROUP IIB/VA SEMICONDUCTORS SUITABLE FOR USE IN PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES 有权
标题翻译：适用于光伏器件的IIB / VA系列半导体器件
公开(公告)号：US20110309477A1
公开(公告)日：2011-12-22
申请号：US13160681
申请日：2011-06-15
申请人： Gregory M. Kimball , Marty W. DeGroot , Nathan S. Lewis , Harry A. Atwater
发明人： Gregory M. Kimball , Marty W. DeGroot , Nathan S. Lewis , Harry A. Atwater
IPC分类号： H01L31/18 , H01L29/24
CPC分类号： H01L31/18 , H01L31/032 , H01L31/0321 , H01L31/068 , Y02E10/547
摘要： The present invention relates to devices, particularly photovoltaic devices, incorporating Group IIB/VA semiconductors such phosphides, arsenides, and/or antimonides of one or more of Zn and/or Cd. In particular, the present invention relates to methodologies, resultant products, and precursors thereof in which electronic performance of the semiconductor material is improved by causing the Group IIB/VA semiconductor material to react with at least one metal-containing species (hereinafter co-reactive species) that is sufficiently co-reactive with at least one Group VA species incorporated into the Group IIB/VA semiconductor as a lattice substituent (recognizing that the same and/or another Group VA species also optionally may be incorporated into the Group IIB/VA semiconductor in other ways, e.g., as a dopant or the like).
摘要翻译：本发明涉及装置，特别是掺入了IIB / VA族半导体的光伏器件，例如Zn和/或Cd中的一种或多种的磷化物，砷化物和/或锑化物。特别地，本发明涉及其中通过使IIB / VA族半导体材料与至少一种含金属物质（以下称为共反应性物质）反应来改善半导体材料的电子性能的方法，产物及其前体物种），其与作为晶格取代基的并入IIB / VA族半导体的至少一种VA族物质具有足够的共反应性（认识到相同的和/或另一种VA族也可以并入IIB / VA族半导体以其他方式，例如，作为掺杂剂等）。

26. 发明申请

US20100133098A1 Methods and Devices for Concentration and Purification of Analytes for Chemical Analysis Including Matrix-Assisted Laser Desportion/Ionization (MALDI) Mass Spectrometry (MS) 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于化学分析分析物浓缩和纯化的方法和装置，包括基质辅助激光分配/电离（MALDI）质谱（MS）
公开(公告)号：US20100133098A1
公开(公告)日：2010-06-03
申请号：US12419126
申请日：2009-04-06
申请人： Dean Hafeman , Kilian Dill , James B. Harkins , Richard M. Caprioli , Jeremy Norris , Nathan S. Lewis , Daniel Kuban , Charles E. Witkowski, II
发明人： Dean Hafeman , Kilian Dill , James B. Harkins , Richard M. Caprioli , Jeremy Norris , Nathan S. Lewis , Daniel Kuban , Charles E. Witkowski, II
IPC分类号： G01N33/487 , G01N27/28
CPC分类号： G01N27/44756 , B01L3/50255 , B01L2300/0829 , B01L2400/0415
摘要： Analytical methods and devices are disclosed for separating low abundance analytes by electrophoretically driving the analytes through a sieving matrix to first remove high molecular weight species. Subsequently the remaining low abundance analytes are electrophoretically focused onto a capture membrane where the analytes become bound within a small capture site. After this step the capture membrane may be allowed to dry and then attached to a conductive MALDI sample plate.
摘要翻译：公开了分析方法和装置，用于通过电泳驱动分析物通过筛分基质来分离低丰度分析物，以首先去除高分子量物质。随后，剩余的低丰度分析物电泳聚焦到捕获膜上，其中分析物结合在小的捕获位点内。在该步骤之后，捕获膜可以被干燥，然后连接到导电的MALDI样品板上。

27. 发明申请

US20090061600A1 METHOD FOR REUSE OF WAFERS FOR GROWTH OF VERTICALLY-ALIGNED WIRE ARRAYS 有权
标题翻译：用于再生用于垂直对准的线阵列的生长的方法
公开(公告)号：US20090061600A1
公开(公告)日：2009-03-05
申请号：US12176100
申请日：2008-07-18
申请人： Joshua M. SPURGEON , Katherine E. Plass , Nathan S. Lewis , Harry A. Atwater
发明人： Joshua M. SPURGEON , Katherine E. Plass , Nathan S. Lewis , Harry A. Atwater
IPC分类号： H01L21/20
CPC分类号： H01L29/0665 , B82Y10/00 , H01L21/02381 , H01L21/0256 , H01L21/02562 , H01L21/02603 , H01L21/0262 , H01L21/02639 , H01L21/02645 , H01L21/02653 , H01L29/0673 , H01L29/0676 , H01L29/16 , H01L29/20 , H01L29/22 , Y10S438/962
摘要： Reusing a Si wafer for the formation of wire arrays by transferring the wire arrays to a polymer matrix, reusing a patterned oxide for several array growths, and finally polishing and reoxidizing the wafer surface and reapplying the patterned oxide.
摘要翻译：通过将线阵列转移到聚合物基质上来重新使用Si晶片来形成线阵列，重新使用用于几个阵列生长的图案化氧化物，最后抛光和再氧化晶片表面并重新施加图案化氧化物。

28. 发明授权

US07359802B1 Methods for remote characterization of an odor 有权
公开(公告)号：US07359802B1
公开(公告)日：2008-04-15
申请号：US10618546
申请日：2003-07-11
申请人： Nathan S. Lewis , Erik Severin
发明人： Nathan S. Lewis , Erik Severin
IPC分类号： G02B6/00
CPC分类号： G01N33/0031 , G01N33/0075 , Y10S977/731 , Y10S977/773 , Y10S977/956 , Y10S977/959
摘要： Provided are compositions and systems useful in remote monitoring of chemical hazards, air quality, and medical conditions, for example, robotic systems to search for and detect explosives, mines, and hazardous chemicals. In addition, the methods, systems and compositions of the invention provide the ability to mine data from a database containing a plurality of chemical fingerprints.

29. 发明授权

US06759349B2 Stabilization of Si photoanodes in aqueous electrolytes through surface alkylation 失效
标题翻译：通过表面烷基化稳定水性电解质中的Si光电阳极
公开(公告)号：US06759349B2
公开(公告)日：2004-07-06
申请号：US09305125
申请日：1999-05-04
申请人： Nathan S. Lewis , Ashish Bansal
发明人： Nathan S. Lewis , Ashish Bansal
IPC分类号： H01L21469
CPC分类号： H01G9/2045 , Y02E10/542
摘要： A two-step chlorination/alkylation technique used to introduce alkyl groups, —CnH2n+1 (n=1-6), functionally onto single-crystal, (111)-oriented, n-type Si surfaces. H-terminated Si photoanodes were unstable under illumination in contact with an aqueous 0.35 M K4Fe(CN)6-0.05 MK3Fe(CN)6 electrolyte. Such electrodes displayed low open-circuit voltages and exhibited a pronounced time-dependent deterioration in their current density vs potential characteristics due to anodic oxidation. In contrast, Si surfaces functionalized with —CH3 and —C2H5 groups displayed significant improvements in stability while displaying excellent electrochemical properties when used as photoelectrodes in the aqueous Fe(CN)63−/4− electrolyte.
摘要翻译：用于将烷基-CnH2n + 1（n = 1-6）的官能化引入到单晶，（111）取向的n型Si表面上的两步氯化/烷基化技术。 H封端的Si光电阳极在与0.35M K4Fe（CN）6-0.05 MK3Fe（CN）6电解质水溶液接触的照明下不稳定。这样的电极显示出较低的开路电压，并且由于阳极氧化，其电流密度与电位特性呈显着的时间依赖性劣化。相比之下，用-CH 3和-C 2 H 5基团官能化的Si表面在稳定性方面显示出显着的改善，同时在Fe（CN）6 <3- / 4->电解质水溶液中用作光电极时显示优异的电化学性能。

30. 发明授权

US06495892B2 Techniques and systems for analyte detection 失效
标题翻译：用于分析物检测的技术和系统
公开(公告)号：US06495892B2
公开(公告)日：2002-12-17
申请号：US09276988
申请日：1999-03-26
申请人： Rodney M. Goodman , Nathan S. Lewis , Robert H. Grubbs , Jeffery Dickson , Vincent Koosh , Richard S. Payne
发明人： Rodney M. Goodman , Nathan S. Lewis , Robert H. Grubbs , Jeffery Dickson , Vincent Koosh , Richard S. Payne
IPC分类号： H01L2714
CPC分类号： G01N33/0031 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/00
摘要： Techniques are used to detect and identify analytes. Techniques are used to fabricate and manufacture sensors to detect analytes. An analyte (810) is sensed by sensors (820) that output electrical signals in response to the analyte. The electrical signals may be preprocessed (830) by filtering and amplification. In one embodiment, a plurality of sensors are formed on a single integrated circuit. The sensors may have diverse compositions.
摘要翻译：技术用于检测和识别分析物。技术用于制造和制造传感器以检测分析物。通过传感器（820）感测分析物（810），其响应于分析物输出电信号。电信号可以通过滤波和放大进行预处理（830）。在一个实施例中，多个传感器形成在单个集成电路上。传感器可以具有不同的组成。

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