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21. 发明授权

US06693443B2 Systems for detecting and measuring inclusions 失效
标题翻译：用于检测和测量夹杂物的系统
公开(公告)号：US06693443B2
公开(公告)日：2004-02-17
申请号：US09822772
申请日：2001-03-30
申请人： Reinhold Ludwig , Diran Apelian , Sergey Makarov
发明人： Reinhold Ludwig , Diran Apelian , Sergey Makarov
IPC分类号： G01R2708
CPC分类号： G01N15/12 , G01N33/206 , G01N2015/1037 , G01N2015/1062 , G01N2015/1272
摘要： The present invention relates to systems of methods of detecting and measuring inclusions in liquid metals. More particularly, non-metallic inclusions having a conductivity level different from the liquid metal melt are forced to migrate and are collected on a measurement surface using electromagnetic Lorentz forces. The inclusions and their concentrations are detected at the measurement surface using either an electrostatic detection system or an optical detection system.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及检测和测量液态金属中的夹杂物的方法系统。更具体地说，导电性与液态金属熔体不同的非金属夹杂物被迫迁移，并使用电磁洛伦兹力将其收集在测量表面上。使用静电检测系统或光学检测系统在测量表面检测夹杂物及其浓度。

22. 发明授权

US4855858A Power regulator with overcurrent protection 失效
标题翻译：功率调节器，具有过流保护功能
公开(公告)号：US4855858A
公开(公告)日：1989-08-08
申请号：US142304
申请日：1987-12-29
申请人： Martin Boertzel , Reinhold Ludwig , Wilhelm Schmits , Ulrich Weiss
发明人： Martin Boertzel , Reinhold Ludwig , Wilhelm Schmits , Ulrich Weiss
IPC分类号： H02M3/28 , H02M3/337
CPC分类号： H02M3/3378
摘要： A regulator includes a switching transformer (TR) whose primary winding is divided into two halves through which current flows alternatingly via one respective switching transistor (Q1, Q2). The pulses on the secondary side of the transformer are rectified to attain the output voltage. The output voltage is controlled by pulse width modulated driver pulses for the two switching transistors. A protective circuit (12) with immediate effect terminates the currently applied driver pulse when the current flowing through the conductive switching transistor reaches a critical current value. A protective circuit (14) with delay effect prevents the generation of further driver pulses upon a further increased overload, this prevention being limited with respect to time. The protective system directly is controlled by the primary current of the power regulator.
摘要翻译：调节器包括开关变压器（TR），其初级绕组被分成两半，电流通过该两个电路经由一个相应的开关晶体管（Q1，Q2）交替流动。变压器次级侧的脉冲被整流以达到输出电压。输出电压由两个开关晶体管的脉宽调制驱动器脉冲控制。当流过导电开关晶体管的电流达到临界电流值时，具有即时效应的保护电路（12）终止当前施加的驱动脉冲。具有延迟效果的保护电路（14）防止在进一步增加的过载时产生进一步的驱动器脉冲，这种防止在时间上受到限制。保护系统直接由电源调节器的初级电流控制。

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