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21. 发明授权

US5485845A Rotary encoder for intravascular ultrasound catheter 失效
标题翻译：旋转编码器用于血管内超声导管
公开(公告)号：US5485845A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-23
申请号：US434616
申请日：1995-05-04
申请人： Edward Verdonk , Michael Greenstein , Hewlett E. Melton, Jr. , Mir S. Seyed-Bolorforosh
发明人： Edward Verdonk , Michael Greenstein , Hewlett E. Melton, Jr. , Mir S. Seyed-Bolorforosh
IPC分类号： A61B8/12 , A61B19/00 , G01S5/24 , G01S15/74 , G01S15/87 , G01S15/89
CPC分类号： A61B8/12 , A61B8/445 , A61B8/4461 , G01S15/74 , G01S15/874 , G01S15/8943 , A61B2090/3929 , G01S5/24
摘要： An ultrasound system and method for intravascular ultrasonic imaging includes an array of beacons that are fixed to direct ultrasonic energy toward an imaging transducer, with individual beacons being identifiable in order to determine the angular position of the imaging transducer. Based upon the data related to beacon identification, operation of the imaging device is adaptively adjusted in order to compensate for variations in angular velocity of the transducer. Adaptive compensation may be performed by adjusting the pulse repetition rate of transmitted ultrasonic energy, by adjusting the scan conversion algorithm or mapping reflected ultrasonic energy, or by varying control of the drive structure for rotating the transducer. The beacons are preferably piezoelectrically active, but passive beacons may also be used. Position identification may be performed by techniques including amplitude sensing, phase sensing, pulse length sensing, and frequency sensing. As an alternative to rotation of the transducer, ultrasonic signals may be formed at a proximal end of a probe and then conducting the energy to the distal end via a waveguide.
摘要翻译：用于血管内超声成像的超声系统和方法包括固定以朝向成像换能器直接超声能量的信标阵列，其中各个信标是可识别的，以便确定成像换能器的角位置。基于与信标识别相关的数据，自适应地调整成像装置的操作，以补偿换能器的角速度的变化。可以通过调整扫描转换算法或映射反射的超声能量，或者通过改变用于旋转传感器的驱动结构的控制来调节发射的超声能量的脉冲重复率来执行自适应补偿。信标优选地是压电有源的，但也可以使用被动信标。可以通过包括幅度感测，相位感测，脉冲长度感测和频率感测的技术来执行位置识别。作为换能器旋转的替代方案，可以在探针的近端处形成超声波信号，然后经由波导将能量传导到远端。

22. 发明授权

US5485843A Acoustic arrays and methods for sensing fluid flow 失效
标题翻译：用于感测流体流动的声学阵列和方法
公开(公告)号：US5485843A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-23
申请号：US104510
申请日：1993-08-09
申请人： Michael Greenstein , Hewlett E. Melton, Jr. , King-Wah W. Yeung
发明人： Michael Greenstein , Hewlett E. Melton, Jr. , King-Wah W. Yeung
IPC分类号： A61B8/06 , A61B8/14 , G01P5/00 , G01P5/24 , G01P13/00 , G01S15/89
CPC分类号： G01S15/8922 , G01P5/244 , G01S15/8925 , G01S15/8979
摘要： Piezoelectric elements in a transducer array are individually excited and used to sense the back-scattered signal from fluid flowing within an interrogation volume. The array is preferably a 2-D phased array with a pitch no greater than one-half the acoustic wavelength of the interrogation signal. By activating the transducer elements as a pattern of concentric rings as viewed from a point of interrogation, and by suitable phasing and range-gating of an interrogation signal, a substantially spherical interrogation volume (SIV) is created. The return signal from the SIV provides an isotropic indication of the speed of flow of the fluid. The focussing distance along an interrogation axis can be changed by changing either the size of the aperture created by the pattern of activated elements or their relative phasing. The interrogation direction can be angled off-axis by activating the transducer elements in a pattern of concentric ellipses. The interrogation axis itself may also be moved off-center by translating the pattern of activated elements. By deforming the activation pattern of the transducer elements from concentric rings to concentric ellipses, the long axes of ellipsoidal interrogation volumes (EIV) can be rotated. The back-scattered signals from these rotated ellipsoidal interrogation volumes indicate the direction of fluid flow.
摘要翻译：传感器阵列中的压电元件被单独地激发并用于感测来自在询问体积内流动的流体的反向散射信号。阵列优选地是具有不大于询问信号的声波长的一半的间距的2-D相控阵列。通过将激励换能器元件作为从询问点观察到的同心圆形图案，并且通过询问信号的合适的相位和范围选通，产生基本上为球面的询问体积（SIV）。来自SIV的返回信号提供流体速度的各向同性指示。可以通过改变由激活元件的图案或其相对定相产生的孔的大小来改变沿询问轴的聚焦距离。通过以同心椭圆的图案激活换能器元件，询问方向可以离轴成角度。询问轴本身也可以通过平移激活元件的图案而偏离中心。通过将换能器元件的激活模式从同心环变形为同心椭圆，可以旋转椭圆询问体积（EIV）的长轴。来自这些旋转的椭圆询问体积的反向散射信号指示流体流动的方向。

23. 发明授权

US5438554A Tunable acoustic resonator for clinical ultrasonic transducers 失效
标题翻译：用于临床超声波换能器的可调谐声谐振器
公开(公告)号：US5438554A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-01
申请号：US203216
申请日：1994-02-28
申请人： Mir S. Seyed-Bolorforosh , Michael Greenstein , Turuvekere R. Gururaja , Henry Yoshida
发明人： Mir S. Seyed-Bolorforosh , Michael Greenstein , Turuvekere R. Gururaja , Henry Yoshida
IPC分类号： A61B8/14 , B06B1/06 , G01N29/24 , G10K11/02 , H04R17/00
CPC分类号： G10K11/02 , B06B1/0622
摘要： A tunable ultrasonic probe includes a body of a first piezoelectric material acoustically coupled in series with a body of a second piezoelectric material. The second piezoelectric material has a Curie temperature that is substantially different than that of the first piezoelectric material. Preferably, the first piezoelectric material is a conventional piezoelectric ceramic, such as lead zirconate titanate, while the second piezoelectric material is a relaxor ferroelectric ceramic, such as lead magnesium niobate. At an operating temperature of the probe, the first piezoelectric material has a fixed polarization. In contrast, the second piezoelectric material has a polarization that is variable relative to the fixed polarization of the first piezoelectric material. A preferred novel arrangement of electrodes electrically couples the bodies in parallel with one another. An oscillating voltage for exciting the acoustic signals in the probe is coupled with the electrodes. The polarization of the second piezoelectric material is variably controlled by a bias voltage coupled with the electrodes. In a preferred embodiment, the bias voltage has a reversible electrical polarity for selecting one resonant frequency from a plurality of resonant frequencies of the probe. In another preferred embodiment, the bias voltage source has a variable voltage level for selecting at least one of a plurality of resonant frequencies of the probe.
摘要翻译：可调谐超声波探头包括与第二压电材料的主体串联耦合的第一压电材料的主体。第二压电材料具有与第一压电材料基本不同的居里温度。优选地，第一压电材料是诸如锆钛酸铅的常规压电陶瓷，而第二压电材料是诸如铌酸铅镁之类的弛豫铁电陶瓷。在探针的工作温度下，第一压电材料具有固定的极化。相反，第二压电材料具有相对于第一压电材料的固定极化可变的极化。电极的优选新颖布置使得主体彼此平行地电耦合。用于激发探针中的声信号的振荡电压与电极耦合。第二压电材料的极化可通过与电极耦合的偏置电压来可变地控制。在优选实施例中，偏置电压具有可逆的电极性，用于从探头的多个谐振频率中选择一个谐振频率。在另一个优选实施例中，偏置电压源具有用于选择探头的多个谐振频率中的至少一个的可变电压电平。

24. 发明授权

US5403701A Method of forming small geometry patterns on piezoelectric membrane films 失效
标题翻译：在压电薄膜上形成小几何图案的方法
公开(公告)号：US5403701A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-04
申请号：US085848
申请日：1993-06-30
申请人： Paul Lum , Belinda J. Kendle , Michael Greenstein
发明人： Paul Lum , Belinda J. Kendle , Michael Greenstein
IPC分类号： G03F7/26 , G03F7/00 , G03F7/38 , H01L41/22 , H01L41/26 , H05K3/04
CPC分类号： G03F7/38 , G03F7/00 , H01L41/29 , H05K3/048
摘要： A method of patterning interconnect lines on a flexible membrane film of piezoelectric material includes securing the membrane film to a temporary support structure to allow direct patterning of the interconnect lines. A barrier plane is deposited onto the membrane film. A photoresist then coats the barrier plane. In a subsequent step of photolithographically exposing the photoresist, the barrier plane acts as a screen to prevent radiation from reaching the membrane film. The barrier film is also used as a focusing and alignment structure during photolithographic exposure. Optionally, the resulting structure is soaked in chlorobenzene, with the barrier plane functioning to prevent diffusion of the chlorobenzene through the back side of the porous membrane film to form undesired development-retarding regions of the photoresist. Openings are formed in the photoresist during a development step. A metallic interconnect layer is then deposited. A portion of the interconnect layer enters the openings in the photoresist for deposit onto the barrier plane. The barrier plane ensures proper adhesion of the interconnect layer. Lift-off techniques remove the photoresist and unwanted portions of the interconnect layer. The remaining portions of the interconnect layer provide an etch mask for patterning the barrier plane.
摘要翻译：在压电材料的柔性膜膜上构图互连线的方法包括将膜膜固定到临时支撑结构以允许互连线的直接图案化。屏障平面沉积在膜膜上。然后，光致抗蚀剂涂覆屏障平面。在光刻曝光光刻胶的后续步骤中，屏障平面用作屏幕以防止辐射到达膜膜。在光刻曝光期间，阻挡膜也用作聚焦和对准结构。任选地，将所得结构浸泡在氯苯中，其中屏障平面用于防止氯苯通过多孔膜膜的背面扩散以形成光致抗蚀剂的不期望的显影延迟区域。在显影步骤中在光致抗蚀剂中形成开口。然后沉积金属互连层。互连层的一部分进入光致抗蚀剂中的开口以沉积到屏障平面上。屏障平面确保互连层的适当粘附。剥离技术去除了光致抗蚀剂和互连层的不想要的部分。互连层的其余部分提供用于图案化屏障平面的蚀刻掩模。

25. 发明授权

US5396143A Elevation aperture control of an ultrasonic transducer 失效
标题翻译：超声波换能器的高程孔径控制
公开(公告)号：US5396143A
公开(公告)日：1995-03-07
申请号：US246593
申请日：1994-05-20
申请人： Mir S. Seyed-Bolorforosh , Michael Greenstein , Hewlett E. Melton, Jr.
发明人： Mir S. Seyed-Bolorforosh , Michael Greenstein , Hewlett E. Melton, Jr.
IPC分类号： A61B8/00 , B06B1/06 , H01L41/09 , H04R17/00 , H04R17/08 , H01L41/08
CPC分类号： B06B1/06 , B06B1/0622 , H04R17/08
摘要： An ultrasonic transducer for controlling an elevation aperture utilizes the electric field-induced polarization properties of relaxor ferroelectric materials. The Curie temperature of the material is typically close to room temperature, so that the application of a bias voltage provides piezoelectric activity. By varying the thickness of a dielectric layer that spaces apart the relaxor ferroelectric material from an electrode or providing the bias voltage, the piezoelectric activity can be tailored. That is, degrees of polarization of the relaxor ferroelectric material are varied spatially in correspondence with changes in thickness of the dielectric layer. The effective elevation aperture of the transducer can be varied by adjusting the bias voltage.
摘要翻译：用于控制仰角孔的超声换能器利用了弛豫铁电材料的电场诱导极化特性。材料的居里温度通常接近室温，因此施加偏置电压提供压电活性。通过改变将弛豫铁电体材料与电极隔开或提供偏置电压的电介质层的厚度，可以调整压电活性。也就是说，弛豫铁电材料的偏振度根据电介质层的厚度的变化在空间上变化。可以通过调整偏置电压来改变传感器的有效仰角孔径。

26. 发明授权

US5373848A Ultrasonic time-domain method for sensing fluid flow 失效
标题翻译：用于检测流体流动的超声时域法
公开(公告)号：US5373848A
公开(公告)日：1994-12-20
申请号：US104514
申请日：1993-08-09
申请人： Hewlett E. Melton, Jr. , King-Wah W. Yeung , Michael Greenstein
发明人： Hewlett E. Melton, Jr. , King-Wah W. Yeung , Michael Greenstein
IPC分类号： A61B8/06 , A61B8/14 , G01P5/00 , G01P13/00 , G01S15/58
CPC分类号： G01S15/8984 , A61B8/06 , G01S15/582
摘要： Pulses of ultrasound are focused in the patient's body to create an interrogation volume where either the magnitude of velocity or the direction of blood flow is to be measured. The strength of the back-scattered signal is measured for each pulse and the mean squared rate of change of the envelope of the range-gated signal is estimated. In order to measure flow velocity independent of direction, the interrogation volume is generated substantially as a sphere by creating an ultrasonic wave envelope in which the components of the mean square spatial gradient are equal in all directions. The estimated mean square rate of change of the envelope of the back-scattered signal is then scaled to provide a direction-independent measurement of flow velocity. In order to determine the direction of flow, the interrogation volume is generated substantially as an ellipsoid. The long axis of the ellipsoidal interrogation volume is then rotated until the measured mean square rate of change of the envelope of the return signal is at a minimum, which is reached when the long axis is aligned with the flow direction. The interrogation volume is preferably rotated and translated using differential phasing of the ultrasonic signals from different transducer elements in a two-dimensional phased array.
摘要翻译：超声波的脉冲聚焦在患者的身体中以产生要测量速度的大小或血流方向的询问体积。对每个脉冲测量反向散射信号的强度，并估计范围门控信号的包络线的平均变化率。为了独立于方向测量流速，通过产生均方根空间梯度的分量在所有方向上相等的超声波包络，基本上产生询问体积。然后对后向散射信号的包络的估计均方根值进行缩放，以提供与流速无关的方向测量。为了确定流动的方向，询问体积基本上产生为椭圆体。然后旋转椭圆询问体积的长轴，直到所测量的返回信号的包络线的均方根变化率处于最小值，当长轴与流动方向对齐时达到最小。询问体积优选地使用来自二维相控阵列中的来自不同换能器元件的超声波信号的微分相位来旋转和平移。

27. 发明授权

US5169956A Macrolide antibiotic compounds 失效
标题翻译：麦角抗生素化合物
公开(公告)号：US5169956A
公开(公告)日：1992-12-08
申请号：US543290
申请日：1990-06-25
申请人： Guy T. Carter , Margaret J. Torrey , Michael Greenstein
发明人： Guy T. Carter , Margaret J. Torrey , Michael Greenstein
IPC分类号： A01N63/02 , C07H19/01 , C12P1/06
CPC分类号： C07H19/01 , A01N63/02 , C12P1/06 , Y10S435/88 , Y10S435/886
摘要： This invention relates to new agents designated LL-F28249.alpha., LL-F28249.beta., LL-F28249.gamma., LL-F28249.delta., LL-F28249.epsilon., LL-F28249.zeta., LL-F28249.eta., LL-F28249.theta., LL-F28249.iota., LL-F28249.kappa., LL-F28249.lambda., LL-F28249.mu., LL-F28249.nu., and LL-F2924.omega., to their production by fermentation, to methods for their recovery and concentration from crude solutions, to processes for their purification and to pharmaceutically and pharmacologically-acceptable salts thereof. The present invention includes within its scope the biologically pure culture which produces there agents, derived from a newly-discovered and previously uncultured microorganism, Streptomyces cyaneogriseus subsp. noncyanogenus, NRRL 15773.

28. 发明授权

US5108912A Antitumor antibiotics (LL-E33288 complex) 失效
标题翻译：抗肿瘤抗生素（LL-E33288复合物）
公开(公告)号：US5108912A
公开(公告)日：1992-04-28
申请号：US560415
申请日：1990-09-10
申请人： May D. Lee , Michael Greenstein , David P. Labeda , Amedeo A. Fantini
发明人： May D. Lee , Michael Greenstein , David P. Labeda , Amedeo A. Fantini
IPC分类号： C07H15/203 , C12P19/60
CPC分类号： C07H15/203 , C12P19/60 , C12R1/29 , Y10S435/867 , Y10S435/868
摘要： Antibacterial and antitumor agents designated LL-E33288 complex and their production by new strains of Micromonospora echinospora spp. calichensis NRRL-15839, NRRL-15975 and NRRL-18149, are disclosed.
摘要翻译：名称为LL-E33288复合物的抗菌剂和抗肿瘤剂及其通过新型小单孢菌属（Phonoconospora echinospora spp。）生产。 calichensis NRRL-15839，NRRL-15975和NRRL-18149。

29. 发明授权

US4968493A Method for controlling chronic respiratory disease, fowl cholera and necrotic enteritis in avian species 失效
标题翻译：控制禽类物种慢性呼吸道疾病，禽霍乱和坏死性肠炎的方法
公开(公告)号：US4968493A
公开(公告)日：1990-11-06
申请号：US371666
申请日：1989-06-19
申请人： Guy T. Carter , Michael Greenstein , Joseph J. Goodman , Donald B. Borders , William M. Maiese , Raymond T. Testa
发明人： Guy T. Carter , Michael Greenstein , Joseph J. Goodman , Donald B. Borders , William M. Maiese , Raymond T. Testa
IPC分类号： A23K20/195 , C12P1/06
CPC分类号： C12P1/06 , A23K20/195
摘要： This invention provides a method for treating chronic respiratory disease, fowl cholera and necrotic enteritis in infected birds, by orally administering thereto a pharmaceutically effective amount of antibiotic LL-E19020.alpha., antibiotic LL-E19020.beta. or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
摘要翻译：本发明提供一种通过口服给药药用有效量的抗生素LL-E19020α，抗生素LL-E19020β或其生理上可接受的盐来治疗感染禽类的慢性呼吸道疾病，家禽霍乱和坏死性肠炎的方法。

30. 发明申请

US20070172909A1 NON-RIBOSOMAL PEPTIDE SYNTHETASES AND ASSOCIATED BIOSYNTHETIC GENES 失效
标题翻译：非抗肿瘤肽合成酶及相关生物基因
公开(公告)号：US20070172909A1
公开(公告)日：2007-07-26
申请号：US11687152
申请日：2007-03-16
申请人： John Hucul , Nathan Magarvey , Michael Greenstein
发明人： John Hucul , Nathan Magarvey , Michael Greenstein
IPC分类号： C12Q1/18 , A61K38/16 , C12P21/06 , C07H21/04 , C12N15/74 , C12N1/21 , C07K14/195
CPC分类号： C12N9/93 , A61K38/00 , C07K14/36
摘要： The present invention describes the identification of novel non-ribosomal peptide synthetases and associated biosynthetic genes from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. The present invention further provides methods for generating novel compounds, such as antibiotics, from these synthetases and associated genes.
摘要翻译：本发明描述了来自吸水链霉菌的新型非核糖体肽合成酶和相关生物合成基因的鉴定。本发明还提供从这些合成酶和相关基因产生新型化合物如抗生素的方法。

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