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21. 发明申请

US20080205145A1 MEMORY CONTROLLER CONTROLLING SEMICONDUCTOR STORAGE DEVICE AND SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE 失效
标题翻译：存储器控制器控制半导体存储器件和半导体器件
公开(公告)号：US20080205145A1
公开(公告)日：2008-08-28
申请号：US12039254
申请日：2008-02-28
申请人： Shinichi Kanno , Yosuke Kuroda , Toshio Shirakihara
发明人： Shinichi Kanno , Yosuke Kuroda , Toshio Shirakihara
IPC分类号： G11C16/04 , G11C16/06
CPC分类号： G11C16/3418
摘要： A memory controller controls a semiconductor storage device including nonvolatile memory cells. The controller includes a generating circuit, and a selection circuit. The generating circuit generates first data based on a second data. The selection circuit retains a cumulative value whose each digit is a cumulative result in each bit of data which is already written in the memory cells. The selection circuit selects one of the first data. A selected first data has a better average of digits in a sum of each bit of the selected first data and each digit of the cumulative value than an unselected first data. The selection circuit retains the sum concerning the selected first data as the new cumulative value.
摘要翻译：存储器控制器控制包括非易失性存储单元的半导体存储器件。控制器包括发生电路和选择电路。生成电路基于第二数据生成第一数据。选择电路保留累积值，其每个数字是已经写入存储器单元的每个数据位的累积结果。选择电路选择第一数据之一。所选择的第一数据在所选择的第一数据的每一比特和累积值的每个数字之和与未选择的第一数据的和中具有更好的数字平均。选择电路将与所选择的第一数据相关的和保持为新的累积值。

22. 发明授权

US6026499A Scheme for restarting processes at distributed checkpoints in client-server computer system 失效
标题翻译：在客户端 - 服务器计算机系统中的分布式检查点重新启动流程的方案
公开(公告)号：US6026499A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-15
申请号：US16421
申请日：1998-01-30
申请人： Toshio Shirakihara , Hideaki Hirayama , Kiyoko Sato , Tatsunori Kanai
发明人： Toshio Shirakihara , Hideaki Hirayama , Kiyoko Sato , Tatsunori Kanai
IPC分类号： G06F11/14 , G06F13/00 , G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/1407
摘要： A scheme for restarting processes at distributed checkpoints in a client-server computer system, in which a fault in one client computer does not affect the server computer and the other client computers. In this scheme, a fault occurring in one computer among of a plurality of computers constituting a client-server computer system is detected while these plurality of computers are executing respective processes, and whether that one computer in which the fault is detected is a server computer or not is judged. Then, related processes executed on these plurality of computers are restarted when that one computer is judged as the server computer, whereas no process executed on these plurality of computers is restarted when that one computer is not judged as the server computer. It is also possible to specify a restart information for each process indicating how processes should be restarted when a process fault occurs in each process, and to restart selected processes executed on these plurality of computers according to the restart information for a process in which the process fault is detected.
摘要翻译：在客户机 - 服务器计算机系统中的分布式检查点处重新启动流程的方案，其中一个客户端计算机中的故障不影响服务器计算机和其他客户端计算机。在该方式中，在构成客户端 - 服务器计算机系统的多台计算机中的一台计算机中发生故障，同时这些计算机正在执行相应的处理，并且检测到故障的那台计算机是否为服务器计算机或不判断。然后，当该一台计算机被判断为服务器计算机时，在这些多台计算机上执行的相关处理被重新启动，而当该一台计算机未被判断为服务器计算机时，在这些多台计算机上执行的处理不重新启动。也可以为每个进程指定重新启动信息，指示当在每个进程中发生进程故障时如何重新启动进程，以及根据重新启动信息来启动在这些多台计算机上执行的所选进程，检测到故障。

23. 发明授权

US5907673A Checkpointing computer system having duplicated files for executing process and method for managing the duplicated files for restoring the process 失效
标题翻译：检查点计算机系统具有用于执行过程的复制文件和用于管理复制文件以恢复过程的方法
公开(公告)号：US5907673A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-25
申请号：US896335
申请日：1997-07-17
申请人： Hideaki Hirayama , Toshio Shirakihara
发明人： Hideaki Hirayama , Toshio Shirakihara
IPC分类号： G06F11/14 , G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/1435 , Y10S707/99953
摘要： A computer system which can achieve rollback operation when a fault occurs in the system without waiting for side-tracking of pre-update data during updating of a file. When a file write request has been made, "file writing information" pertaining to the file write is saved in a pending queue and only a primary file is immediately updated. After a checkpoint has been acquired, the "file writing information" saved in the pending queue is shifted to a confirmed queue, and is then written to a back-up file. When performing recovery, all pre-update data which corresponds to the data which has been updated since the last checkpoint acquired is read from the back-up file, based on the "file writing information" saved in the pending queue. The primary file is then restored to its state at the checkpoint time by using the pre-update data which has been read from the backup file.
摘要翻译：一种在系统故障发生时可以实现回滚操作的计算机系统，而不需要在更新文件期间等待更新前数据的侧面跟踪。当写入文件请求时，与文件写入相关的“文件写入信息”保存在挂起的队列中，只有主文件立即被更新。在获取检查点之后，保存在等待队列中的“文件写入信息”被移动到确认的队列，然后被写入备份文件。在执行恢复时，基于保存在待处理队列中的“文件写入信息”，从备份文件中读取与自获取的最后检查点以来已更新的数据对应的所有预更新数据。然后，使用从备份文件中读取的更新前数据，将主文件恢复到检查点时的状态。

24. 发明授权

US5802267A Method for checkpointing in computer system under distributed processing environment 失效
标题翻译：分布式处理环境下计算机系统检查点的方法
公开(公告)号：US5802267A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-01
申请号：US711846
申请日：1996-09-10
申请人： Toshio Shirakihara , Tatsunori Kanai , Hideaki Hirayama
发明人： Toshio Shirakihara , Tatsunori Kanai , Hideaki Hirayama
IPC分类号： G06F9/54 , G06F11/14 , G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/1407
摘要： A scheme for checkpointing and a computer system capable of realizing the distributed checkpointing for processes which carry out the inter-process communications, while shortening a stopping time of the processes due to the distributed checkpointing. The inter-process communications of each process are stopped while continuing the normal processing of each process first, and a checkpointing processing for each process is executed when the inter-process communications of all processes are stopped. Alternatively, the inter-computer type inter-process communications of each process are stopped while continuing the intra-computer type inter-process communications and the normal processing of each process first, and a checkpointing processing for each process is executed while stopping the intra-computer type inter-process communications of each process when the inter-computer type inter-process communications of all processes are stopped.
摘要翻译：用于检查点的方案和能够实现进行进程间通信的处理的分布式检查点的计算机系统，同时缩短由于分布式检查点而导致的处理的停止时间。停止每个进程的进程间通信，同时首先继续每个进程的正常处理，并且当所有进程的进程间通信停止时，执行每个进程的检查点处理。或者，在继续进行计算机间进程间通信和每个进程的正常处理的同时停止每个进程的计算机间进程间通信，并且在停止内部处理通信的同时执行每个进程的检查点处理，当所有进程的计算机间进程间通信停止时，每个进程的计算机类型进程间通信。

25. 发明授权

US5600596A Data access scheme with simplified fast data writing 失效
标题翻译：数据访问方案，简化了快速数据写入
公开(公告)号：US5600596A
公开(公告)日：1997-02-04
申请号：US365143
申请日：1994-12-28
申请人： Toshio Shirakihara
发明人： Toshio Shirakihara
IPC分类号： G06F12/02 , G06F12/00 , G06F13/16 , G06F13/00
CPC分类号： G06F13/16
摘要： A data access scheme for realizing a fast data writing into the secondary memory device. For a plurality of data present in a plurality of blocks provided in a secondary memory device, one of a plurality of blocks is selected as a writing block, each updated data is written into a region in the primary memory device corresponding to an invalid data portion in the selected writing block, and the writing block with each updated written is stored from the primary memory device into the secondary memory device. Here, an index having a data entry for each data which records an identifier of each data and a data position of each data in the secondary memory device can be provided such that each updated data is written into another position in the primary memory device different from a position of each data in the secondary memory device before an updating of each data, and the updating of each data is validated by changing the data position of each data recorded in the data entry in the index to that another position at which each updated data is written while the writing block is stored into the secondary memory device.
摘要翻译：一种数据访问方案，用于实现对次要存储设备的快速数据写入。对于在辅助存储装置中提供的多个块中存在的多个数据，选择多个块中的一个作为写入块，每个更新的数据被写入与无效数据部分对应的主存储装置中的区域在所选择的写入块中，并且将每个更新写入的写入块从主存储器件存储到辅助存储器件中。这里，可以提供具有用于记录每个数据的标识符和每个数据在辅助存储器装置中的数据位置的每个数据的数据条目的索引，使得每个更新的数据被写入到不同于通过将记录在索引中的数据条目中的每个数据的数据位置改变为每个更新数据的另一个位置来验证每个数据更新之前的次要存储器设备中的每个数据的位置以及每个数据的更新当写入块被存储到辅助存储器设备中时被写入。

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