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11. 发明授权

US08060877B1 Undefeatable transformation for virtual machine I/O operations 有权
标题翻译：虚拟机I / O操作的不可逆转换
公开(公告)号：US08060877B1
公开(公告)日：2011-11-15
申请号：US11841622
申请日：2007-08-20
申请人： Carl A. Waldspurger , Edouard Bugnion
发明人： Carl A. Waldspurger , Edouard Bugnion
IPC分类号： G06F9/455 , G06F21/00 , G06F11/30 , G06F17/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/545 , G06F9/45558 , G06F2009/45579
摘要： I/O operations between a virtual machine (VM) and a device external to the VM are monitored by a virtual machine monitor (VMM). Data passing between the VM and the external device is transformed by the VMM, in some cases only when a predetermined filtering or triggering condition is met. Because the VMM, and thus the transformation operation, is transparent to the VM, the transformation cannot be prevented or undone or even affected by any action by a user of the VM. Examples of the non-defeatable transformation of I/O data include generating display overlays such as banners, masking out portions of a display, encryption, compression and network shaping such as bandwidth limiting.
摘要翻译：虚拟机（VM）与VM外部的设备之间的I / O操作由虚拟机监视器（VMM）监视。虚拟机和外部设备之间的数据通过VMM进行转换，在某些情况下，只有当满足预定的过滤或触发条件时才会进行。因为VMM，因此转换操作对于VM是透明的，所以转换不能被VM的用户的任何动作阻止或撤消甚至影响。 I / O数据的不可逆转换的示例包括生成诸如横幅的显示覆盖，屏蔽显示的部分，加密，压缩和诸如带宽限制的网络整形。

12. 发明授权

US07412492B1 Proportional share resource allocation with reduction of unproductive resource consumption 有权
标题翻译：比例分配资源，减少非生产性资源消耗
公开(公告)号：US07412492B1
公开(公告)日：2008-08-12
申请号：US09952796
申请日：2001-09-12
申请人： Carl A. Waldspurger
发明人： Carl A. Waldspurger
IPC分类号： G06F15/167 , G06F15/16 , G06F15/173
CPC分类号： G06F3/0631 , G06F3/0604 , G06F3/0653 , G06F3/0683 , G06F9/4881 , G06F9/5016 , H04L41/5054 , H04L43/04 , H04L43/08 , H04L47/76
摘要： Units of a resource are allocated among a plurality of clients by a system-level management module using a proportional share resource allocation scheme. For each client, a metric is evaluated that is a function both of a non-usage-based, client-specific factor and of a usage-based factor. The usage-based factor is in turn a function of, as separate variables, a first and a second measure of resource units currently allocated to the respective client that the client is actively using and that are idle, respectively. At least one resource unit is then reclaimed for reallocation from the client whose metric meets a predetermined criterion. Examples of the resource include system memory, processors in a multi-processor system, I/O bandwidth, etc. Examples of clients include processes, virtual machines, remote systems connected to the management module via a network, which may be in a server, etc.
摘要翻译：通过使用比例共享资源分配方案的系统级管理模块在多个客户端中分配资源的单元。对于每个客户端，对度量进行评估，这是基于非使用的客户端特定因素和基于使用的因素的函数。作为单独的变量，基于使用的因素又分别作为客户端正在主动使用且空闲的当前分配给相应客户端的资源单元的第一和第二测量的功能。然后至少一个资源单元被回收以从其度量符合预定标准的客户端重新分配。资源的示例包括系统存储器，多处理器系统中的处理器，I / O带宽等。客户端的示例包括通过可能在服务器中的网络连接到管理模块的进程，虚拟机，远程系统，等等

13. 发明申请

US20080126547A1 Resource allocation in computers 有权
标题翻译：电脑资源分配
公开(公告)号：US20080126547A1
公开(公告)日：2008-05-29
申请号：US12027853
申请日：2008-02-07
申请人： Carl A. Waldspurger
发明人： Carl A. Waldspurger
IPC分类号： G06F15/173 , G06F9/46
CPC分类号： G06F3/0631 , G06F3/0604 , G06F3/0653 , G06F3/0683 , G06F9/4881 , G06F9/5016 , H04L41/5054 , H04L43/04 , H04L43/08 , H04L47/76
摘要： A method and tangible medium embodying code for allocating resource units of an allocatable resource among a plurality of clients in a computer is described. In the method, resource units are initially distributed among the clients by assigning to each of the clients a nominal share of the allocatable resource. For each client, a current allocation of resource units is determined. A metric is evaluated for each client, the metric being a function both of the nominal share and a usage-based factor, the usage-based factor being a function of a measure of resource units that the client is actively using and a measure of resource units that the client is not actively using. A resource unit can be reclaimed from a client when the metric for that client meets a predetermined criterion.
摘要翻译：描述了一种体现用于在计算机中的多个客户端中分配可分配资源的资源单元的代码的方法和有形介质。在该方法中，通过向每个客户端分配可分配资源的标称份额，资源单元最初分布在客户端之间。对于每个客户端，确定资源单元的当前分配。针对每个客户端评估度量，度量是名义份额和基于使用的因素的函数，基于使用的因素是客户端正在使用的资源单位的度量的度量和资源的度量客户端没有积极使用的单位。当客户端的度量符合预定标准时，可以从客户端回收资源单元。

14. 发明授权

US06442585B1 Method for scheduling contexts based on statistics of memory system interactions in a computer system 失效
标题翻译：基于计算机系统中存储器系统交互的统计数据来调度上下文的方法
公开(公告)号：US06442585B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-27
申请号：US08980105
申请日：1997-11-26
申请人： Jeffrey A. Dean , Carl A. Waldspurger
发明人： Jeffrey A. Dean , Carl A. Waldspurger
IPC分类号： G06F900
CPC分类号： G06F9/5016 , G06F12/0842
摘要： A method schedules execution contexts in a computer system based on memory interactions. The computer system includes a processor and a hierarchical memory arranged in a plurality of levels. Memory transactions are randomly sampled for a plurality of contexts. The contexts can be threads, processes, or hardware contexts. Resource interactions of the plurality of contexts is estimated, and particular contexts are chosen to be scheduled based on the estimated resource interactions.
摘要翻译：一种方法基于内存交互在计算机系统中调度执行上下文。计算机系统包括处理器和以多个级别排列的分级存储器。为多个上下文随机采样内存事务。上下文可以是线程，进程或硬件上下文。估计多个上下文的资源交互，并且基于所估计的资源交互来选择特定上下文进行调度。

15. 发明授权

US06374367B1 Apparatus and method for monitoring a computer system to guide optimization 失效
标题翻译：用于监控计算机系统以引导优化的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US06374367B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-16
申请号：US08980124
申请日：1997-11-26
申请人： Jeffrey A. Dean , James E. Hicks, Jr. , George Z. Chrysos , Carl A. Waldspurger , William E. Weihl
发明人： Jeffrey A. Dean , James E. Hicks, Jr. , George Z. Chrysos , Carl A. Waldspurger , William E. Weihl
IPC分类号： H02H305
CPC分类号： G06F8/445 , G06F11/3409 , G06F11/3452 , G06F11/3466 , G06F11/348 , G06F2201/86 , G06F2201/87 , G06F2201/88
摘要： A method for sampling the performance of a computer system is provided. The computer system includes a plurality of functional units. The method selects transactions to be processed by a particular functional unit of the computer system. State information is stored while the selected transactions are processed by the functional unit. The state information is analyzed to guide optimization.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于对计算机系统的性能进行取样的方法。计算机系统包括多个功能单元。该方法选择要由计算机系统的特定功能单元处理的事务。当功能单元处理所选择的事务时，存储状态信息。分析状态信息以指导优化。

16. 发明授权

US06237059B1 Method for estimating statistics of properties of memory system interactions among contexts in a computer system 失效
标题翻译：用于估计计算机系统中上下文之间的存储器系统交互的属性的统计的方法
公开(公告)号：US06237059B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-22
申请号：US08979398
申请日：1997-11-26
申请人： Jeffrey A. Dean , Carl A. Waldspurger
发明人： Jeffrey A. Dean , Carl A. Waldspurger
IPC分类号： G06F1200
CPC分类号： G06F9/4881 , G06F11/3452 , G06F11/3466 , G06F11/3471 , G06F12/08 , G06F2201/86 , G06F2201/87 , G06F2201/88 , G06F2201/885
摘要： A method analyzes memory transaction processed by memories of a computer system. The method selects a set of addresses of the memories. State information from a plurality of consecutive predetermined memory transactions to the selected addresses are recorded while the selected transactions are processed by the memories. The selecting and the recording steps are repeated until a termination condition is reached. Then, the recorded state information is statistically analyzed to estimate statistics of properties of the memory interactions among contexts in the computer system.
摘要翻译：一种分析由计算机系统的存储器处理的存储器事务的方法。该方法选择存储器的一组地址。在所选择的事务被存储器处理的同时记录从多个连续的预定存储器事务到所选地址的状态信息。重复选择和记录步骤，直到达到终止条件。然后，记录的状态信息被统计分析以估计计算机系统中的上下文之间的存储器交互的属性的统计。

17. 发明授权

US06175814B1 Apparatus for determining the instantaneous average number of instructions processed 失效
标题翻译：用于确定处理的指令的瞬时平均数的装置
公开(公告)号：US06175814B1
公开(公告)日：2001-01-16
申请号：US08977438
申请日：1997-11-26
申请人： George Z. Chrysos , Jeffrey Dean , James E. Hicks, Jr. , Carl A. Waldspurger , William E. Weihl
发明人： George Z. Chrysos , Jeffrey Dean , James E. Hicks, Jr. , Carl A. Waldspurger , William E. Weihl
IPC分类号： G06F900
CPC分类号： G06F11/3466 , G06F11/3452 , G06F2201/86 , G06F2201/88 , G06F2201/885
摘要： An apparatus is provided for determining an average number of instructions entering a stage of a processor pipeline of a computer system during a clock cycle of a processor clock. The number of instructions entering a particular stage of the pipeline are stored in a queue during each of a predetermined number (N) of clock cycles. The total number of instructions processed over the last P clock cycles is computed, where P is less than or equal to N. The total number of instructions processed is divided by the last P processor cycles to yield the instantaneous average number of instructions processed for each processor cycle. This average number of instructions processed is communicated to software.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于在处理器时钟的时钟周期期间确定进入计算机系统的处理器流水线的阶段的平均数量的装置。在预定数量（N）个时钟周期的每一个期间，进入流水线的特定级的指令的数量被存储在队列中。计算在最后P个时钟周期中处理的指令总数，其中P小于或等于N。处理的指令的总数除以最后的P个处理器周期，以产生每个处理的指令的瞬时平均数处理器周期。处理的平均指令数量传达给软件。

18. 发明授权

US6000044A Apparatus for randomly sampling instructions in a processor pipeline 失效
标题翻译：用于在处理器流水线中随机采样指令的装置
公开(公告)号：US6000044A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-07
申请号：US980190
申请日：1997-11-26
申请人： George Z. Chrysos , Jeffrey Dean , James E. Hicks , Daniel L. Leibholz , Edward J. McLellan , Carl A. Waldspurger , William E. Weihl
发明人： George Z. Chrysos , Jeffrey Dean , James E. Hicks , Daniel L. Leibholz , Edward J. McLellan , Carl A. Waldspurger , William E. Weihl
IPC分类号： G06F9/38 , G06F11/34 , G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/348 , G06F11/3466
摘要： An apparatus is provided for sampling instructions in a processor pipeline of a system. The pipeline has a plurality of processing stages. The apparatus includes a fetch unit for fetching instructions into a first stage of the pipeline. Certain randomly selected instructions are identified, and state information of the system is sampled while a particular selected instruction is in any stage of the pipeline. Software is informed when the particular selected instruction leaves the pipeline so that the software can read any of the sampled state information.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于对系统的处理器流水线中的指令进行采样的装置。管道具有多个处理阶段。该装置包括用于将指令读取到管线的第一级中的取出单元。识别某些随机选择的指令，并且在特定选择的指令处于流水线的任何阶段时对系统的状态信息进行采样。当特定选择的指令离开管道时，通知软件，以便软件可以读取任何采样状态信息。

19. 发明授权

US5923872A Apparatus for sampling instruction operand or result values in a processor pipeline 失效
标题翻译：用于在处理器流水线中对指令操作数或结果值进行采样的装置
公开(公告)号：US5923872A
公开(公告)日：1999-07-13
申请号：US979848
申请日：1997-11-26
申请人： George Z. Chrysos , Jeffrey Dean , James E. Hicks , Carl A. Waldspurger , William E. Weihl
发明人： George Z. Chrysos , Jeffrey Dean , James E. Hicks , Carl A. Waldspurger , William E. Weihl
IPC分类号： G06F9/38 , G06F11/34 , G06F9/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/348 , G06F11/3466
摘要： An apparatus is provided for sampling values of operands of instructions in a processor pipeline of a system, the pipeline having a plurality of processing stages. Instructions are fetched into a first stage of the pipeline. Any one of the fetched instructions are identified as a particular selected instruction. Values of results computed during the processing of the particular selected instruction are recorded in a sampling record along with state information identifying the particular selected instruction. Software is informed whenever the particular selected instruction leaves the pipeline to read the recorded values and state information.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于对系统的处理器流水线中的指令的操作数的值进行采样的装置，该管线具有多个处理级。指令被提取到管道的第一阶段。获取的指令中的任何一个被标识为特定的选择指令。在特定所选指令的处理期间计算的结果的值与标识特定所选指令的状态信息一起记录在采样记录中。当特定的选择指令离开管道以读取记录的值和状态信息时，通知软件。

20. 发明授权

US5809450A Method for estimating statistics of properties of instructions processed by a processor pipeline 失效
标题翻译：用于估计由处理器管线处理的指令的属性的统计的方法
公开(公告)号：US5809450A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-15
申请号：US979899
申请日：1997-11-26
申请人： George Z. Chrysos , Jeffrey Dean , James E. Hicks , Carl A. Waldspurger , William E. Weihl
发明人： George Z. Chrysos , Jeffrey Dean , James E. Hicks , Carl A. Waldspurger , William E. Weihl
IPC分类号： G06F9/30 , G06F9/38 , G06F9/45 , G06F11/34 , G06F9/00
CPC分类号： G06F8/445 , G06F11/3409 , G06F11/3419 , G06F11/3452 , G06F11/3466 , G06F9/30101 , G06F9/383 , G06F9/384 , G06F9/3867 , G06F2201/86 , G06F2201/88 , G06F2201/885
摘要： A method is provided for estimating statistics of properties of instructions processed in a pipeline of a computer system, the pipeline having a plurality of processing stages. Instructions are fetched into a first stage of the pipeline. Some of the fetched instructions are randomly selected. State information of the system is recorded in a profile record as samples while the selected instruction are processed by the pipeline. The recorded state information is communiucated to software. The software statistically analyzes the recorded state information from a subset of the selected instructions to estimate the statistics of the instructions.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于估计在计算机系统的流水线中处理的指令的属性的统计的方法，该管线具有多个处理阶段。指令被提取到管道的第一阶段。一些获取的指令是随机选择的。系统的状态信息作为采样记录在配置文件记录中，而所选择的指令由管道处理。记录的状态信息被通信给软件。该软件从所选指令的子集统计分析记录状态信息，以估计指令的统计。

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