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11. 发明授权

US5412774A Apparatus for and method of displaying a data item of a database using the display function of a selected data item 失效
标题翻译：使用所选数据项的显示功能显示数据库的数据项的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5412774A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-02
申请号：US147469
申请日：1993-11-03
申请人： Rakesh Agrawal , Narain H. Gehani , Jagannathan Srinivasan
发明人： Rakesh Agrawal , Narain H. Gehani , Jagannathan Srinivasan
IPC分类号： G06F17/30 , G06F15/62
CPC分类号： G06F17/30017 , Y10S707/99934 , Y10S715/978
摘要： A method and apparatus of operating a display system for displaying data items stored in an associated database. The database stores a display function for each data item class to be also stored in the database therein. When the user selects a data item class, a data item of and a display function associated with the selected data item class are retrieved from the database. The data item is used as an argument of a display function call. The system displays an object using the display data and the data format returned as the result of the display function call. The system may store multiple representations of each data item such as, pictorial, textual and audio representations which may be selected under user control.
摘要翻译：一种操作显示系统以显示存储在相关数据库中的数据项的方法和装置。数据库存储还存储在数据库中的每个数据项类的显示功能。当用户选择数据项类别时，从数据库中检索与所选数据项类相关联的数据项和显示功能。数据项用作显示函数调用的参数。系统使用显示数据和显示函数调用结果返回的数据格式显示对象。系统可以存储每个数据项的多个表示，例如可以在用户控制下选择的图形，文本和音频表示。

12. 发明授权

US6098078A Maintaining consistency of database replicas 失效
标题翻译：维护数据库副本的一致性
公开(公告)号：US6098078A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-01
申请号：US771908
申请日：1996-12-23
申请人： Narain H. Gehani , Alex Kononov , Michael Rabinovich
发明人： Narain H. Gehani , Alex Kononov , Michael Rabinovich
IPC分类号： G06F11/14 , G06F17/30 , G06F17/00
CPC分类号： G06F17/30575 , Y10S707/959 , Y10S707/99952 , Y10S707/99953 , Y10S707/99954
摘要： A method and apparatus for maintaining consistency in databases among data processors of a computer network involves an improved epidemic protocol involving the generation of database version vectors for database replicas. Overhead of the protocol grows linearly with the number of data items being copied during an update propagation, not with the number of data items as in typical epidemic protocols. Since this number is less than the total number of data items in the database, the present protocol promises significant reduction in overhead. A log record is generated including at least the name of the updated data item. The log record has an associated time stamp for the updated data item name in one embodiment or an associated version vector value in another. In the event of out-of-bound copying, an auxiliary log record is maintained.
摘要翻译：用于在计算机网络的数据处理器之间保持数据库的一致性的方法和装置涉及改进的流行协议，涉及为数据库副本生成数据库版本向量。协议的开销与更新传播期间复制的数据项数量呈线性增长，而不是像典型的流行协议中的数据项数。由于这个数字小于数据库中的数据项的总数，所以本协议将大大降低开销。生成包括至少更新的数据项的名称的日志记录。在一个实施例中，日志记录具有用于更新的数据项目名称的关联时间戳，或者在另一个实施例中相关联的版本向量值。在超出复制的情况下，维护辅助日志记录。

13. 发明授权

US5765171A Maintaining consistency of database replicas 失效
标题翻译：维护数据库副本的一致性
公开(公告)号：US5765171A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-09
申请号：US580954
申请日：1995-12-29
申请人： Narain H. Gehani , Alex Kononov , Michael Rabinovich
发明人： Narain H. Gehani , Alex Kononov , Michael Rabinovich
IPC分类号： G06F11/14 , G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30575 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99954
摘要： A replication protocol which includes associating a database version vector with each copy of the database in the system is provided. Each database version vector keeps track of the total number of updates to any data items in its respective database replica and from which server those updates were originally performed. During replication between two replicas, the database version vectors of the replicas are compared to efficiently determine if update replication is necessary. If the database version vectors are not identical, the server possessing the more recent version of the data items propagates those data items to the server whose replica is older using conventional update propagation techniques. Identical database version vectors indicate that update propagation is not necessary. As such, the protocol avoids examining every data item in the database in order to determine the necessity of update propagation, which is required in conventional replication protocols.
摘要翻译：提供了一种复制协议，其包括将数据库版本向量与系统中的数据库的每个副本相关联。每个数据库版本向量跟踪其相应数据库副本中的任何数据项的更新总数，以及最初执行哪些更新的服务器。在两个副本之间的复制期间，比较副本的数据库版本向量，以有效地确定是否需要更新复制。如果数据库版本向量不相同，则拥有更新版本的数据项的服务器将这些数据项传播到使用常规更新传播技术的副本较旧的服务器。相同的数据库版本向量表示不需要更新传播。因此，协议避免检查数据库中的每个数据项，以便确定在传统复制协议中需要的更新传播的必要性。

14. 发明授权

US5590327A Method for making data objects having hidden pointers persistent 失效
标题翻译：使具有隐藏指针的数据对象持久化的方法
公开(公告)号：US5590327A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-31
申请号：US343735
申请日：1994-11-22
申请人： Alexandros Biliris , Shaul Dar , Narain H. Gehani
发明人： Alexandros Biliris , Shaul Dar , Narain H. Gehani
IPC分类号： G06F9/44 , G06F9/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/4435
摘要： A method for making data objects having hidden pointers persistent is disclosed. A pre-existing process for creating data objects is modified so as to selectively inhibit both the allocation of memory space for the data object and the initialization of data within the data object. A data object with hidden pointers created by a previous program invocation is retrieved into memory by a subsequent program invocation. The modified object creation process is then advantageously applied to the data object. As a result, the hidden pointers within the data object are initialized without allocating new memory or disturbing the data within the data object. Where the object creation process includes the execution of a user supplied initialization function, the initialization function is modified so as to inhibit the initialization of data within the data object. A global flag is set by the object creation process and tested within the initialization function. If the initialization function finds the flag to be set, execution of the data initialization code is avoided.
摘要翻译：公开了一种使具有隐藏指针持久的数据对象的方法。修改用于创建数据对象的预先存在的过程，以便选择性地抑制数据对象的存储器空间的分配和数据对象内的数据的初始化。具有由先前程序调用创建的隐藏指针的数据对象通过后续程序调用被检索到存储器中。修改后的对象创建过程有利地应用于数据对象。因此，数据对象内的隐藏指针被初始化，而不会分配新的内存或干扰数据对象内的数据。在对象创建处理包括执行用户提供的初始化功能的情况下，初始化功能被修改以便禁止数据对象内的数据的初始化。全局标志由对象创建过程设置，并在初始化函数内进行测试。如果初始化函数找到要设置的标志，则避免执行数据初始化代码。

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