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11. 发明授权

US4716121A Fluorescent assays, including immunoassays, with feature of flowing sample 失效
标题翻译：荧光测定，包括免疫测定，具有流动样品的特征
公开(公告)号：US4716121A
公开(公告)日：1987-12-29
申请号：US773940
申请日：1985-09-09
申请人： Myron J. Block , Tomas B. Hirschfeld
发明人： Myron J. Block , Tomas B. Hirschfeld
IPC分类号： G01N33/543 , G01N21/64 , G01N21/77 , G01N33/533 , G01N33/552 , G01N35/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/648 , G01N21/7703 , G01N2021/6484
摘要： An assay method and apparatus employing total internal reflection of excitation radiation at an activated region on the surface of an optically conductive rod or fiber surrounded by a liquid phase of lower index of refraction, so as to excite into fluorescence fluorophores in the liquid present in a thin layer around the rod surface. The induced fluorescence is then gathered and measured. Excitation occurs while flowing a sample of the liquid phase through an enclosure of fixed dimensions bounded in part by the activated region.
摘要翻译：一种在由较低折射率的液相包围的光导体棒或纤维的表面上的激活区域处使用激发辐射的全内反射的测定方法和装置，以便激发出存在于液体中的液体中的荧光荧光团薄壁围绕杆表面。然后收集并测量诱导的荧光。当液相样品流过由活化区域部分限定的固定尺寸的外壳时，会发生激发。

12. 发明授权

US4582809A Apparatus including optical fiber for fluorescence immunoassay 失效
标题翻译：包括用于荧光免疫测定的光纤的装置
公开(公告)号：US4582809A
公开(公告)日：1986-04-15
申请号：US406324
申请日：1982-08-09
申请人： Myron J. Block , Tomas B. Hirschfeld
发明人： Myron J. Block , Tomas B. Hirschfeld
IPC分类号： G01N21/64 , G01N33/543 , G01N33/53 , G01N33/533 , G01N33/552
CPC分类号： G01N21/648 , G01N21/6428 , G01N21/7703 , G01N2021/7786 , Y10S436/805
摘要： A method and apparatus for fluorescent immunoassay utilizes total internal reflection at the interface between a solid phase and a liquid phase of lower index of refraction to produce an evanescent wave in the liquid phase. The solid phase is arranged and illuminated so as to provide multiple total internal reflections at the interface. In a preferred embodiment, the solid phase is in the form of an optical fiber to which is immobilized a component of the complex formed in the immunochemical reaction. A fluorophore is attached to another component of the complex. The fluorescent labelled component may be either the complement to or an analog of the immobilized component, depending on whether competitive or sandwich assays are to be performed. In the case of competitive assays, the labelled component is preferably pre-loaded to the immobilized component in a controlled concentration. The fiber (and the attached constituent of the assay) is immersed in the liquid phase sample. The evanescent wave is used to excite fluorescence in the liquid phase, and that fluorescence which tunnels back into the solid phase and accumulates during multiple reflections while channeled in the solid phase is detected. Diffusional preconcentration onto the reactive surface and double passing enhance the signal and signal/background ratio.
摘要翻译：用于荧光免疫测定的方法和装置利用在较低折射率的固相和液相之间的界面处的全内反射，以在液相中产生ev逝波。固相被布置和照亮，以便在界面处提供多个全内反射。在优选的实施方案中，固相是光纤的形式，其固定化在免疫化学反应中形成的络合物的组分。荧光团连接到复合物的另一组分。荧光标记的组分可以是固定化组分的补体或类似物，这取决于是否进行竞争性或夹心测定法。在竞争性测定的情况下，标记的组分优选以受控浓度预加载到固定化组分。将纤维（和测定的附着成分）浸入液相样品中。消逝波用于激发液相中的荧光，并且检测到在固相中引导时多次反射期间隧道回到固相并累积的荧光。对反应表面的扩散预浓缩和双重通过增强了信号和信号/背景比。

13. 发明授权

US3975084A Particle detecting system 失效
标题翻译：粒子检测系统
公开(公告)号：US3975084A
公开(公告)日：1976-08-17
申请号：US498382
申请日：1974-08-19
申请人： Myron J. Block
发明人： Myron J. Block
IPC分类号： G01N21/64 , G01N15/02 , G01N21/55 , G01N21/00 , G02B21/06
CPC分类号： G01N15/0205 , G01N21/552
摘要： Submicron-sized particles are detected by a system which observes emission, as by scattering or by fluorescence from particles undergoing Brownian motion in a region of a fluid medium excited by an evanescent wave created adjacent an interface between the fluid medium and a multiple internal totally reflecting cell or light guide. The excited region can range in depth between several wavelengths and a fraction of the wavelength of the exciting beam, hence serves as an "aperture" having a dimension of about the same order of magnitude as the particles being detected. The particles can be classified according to size by examining the amplitude modulation arising out of the motion of the particles through the aperture.
摘要翻译：亚微米尺寸的颗粒通过观察发射的系统来检测，如通过散射或来自经历布朗运动的颗粒的荧光在由在流体介质和多个内部全反射之间的界面附近产生的ev逝波激发的流体介质的区域中细胞或光导。激发区域可以在几个波长和激发光束的波长的一部分之间的深度范围内，因此用作具有与被检测的颗粒大约相同数量级的尺寸的“孔径”。通过检查通过孔径的颗粒的运动产生的振幅调制，可以根据尺寸对颗粒进行分类。

14. 发明授权

US06222189B1 Methods of enhancing optical signals by mechanical manipulation in non-invasive testing 失效
标题翻译：在非侵入性测试中通过机械操作增强光信号的方法
公开(公告)号：US06222189B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-24
申请号：US09073575
申请日：1998-05-06
申请人： Michael Misner , Howard E. Guthermann , Myron J. Block
发明人： Michael Misner , Howard E. Guthermann , Myron J. Block
IPC分类号： G01N2125
CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/14546 , A61B5/6843 , G01N21/359 , G01N21/4795 , G01N21/49 , G01N2021/3137
摘要： The invention relates to the enhancement of the signal-to-background ratio of a non-invasive measurement of the concentration of a blood constituent at a measurement site by applying an external pressure at a location near the measurement site. In one embodiment, sufficient pressure is applied proximate to a measurement site to stop blood flow. The pressure is then suddenly relased, thereby generating a blood bolus passing through the site. By illuminating the measurement site before and during the passage of the blood bolus and observing the interaction of the input radiation with the measurement site, the concentration of a blood constituent can be measured. In another embodiment, the venous pulse is occluded by applying a pressure midway between systolic and diastolic pressure. By illuminating the measurement site in the absence of a venous pulse, the signal-to-background ration can be enhanced and the concentration of a blood constituent can be measured.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及通过在靠近测量部位的位置施加外部压力来增强在测量部位的血液成分浓度的非侵入式测量的信号与背景比。在一个实施例中，在测量部位附近施加足够的压力以阻止血液流动。然后压力突然消除，从而产生通过现场的血液丸剂。通过在血液丸剂通过之前和期间照射测量部位并观察输入辐射与测量部位的相互作用，可以测量血液成分的浓度。在另一个实施例中，通过在收缩压和舒张压之间施加压力来中止静脉脉搏。通过在没有静脉脉冲的情况下照射测量部位，可以提高信号对背景的比例，并且可以测量血液成分的浓度。

15. 发明授权

US6064065A Methods of minimizing scattering and improving tissue sampling in non-invasive testing and imaging 失效
公开(公告)号：US6064065A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-16
申请号：US937934
申请日：1997-09-25
申请人： Myron J. Block , Lester Sodickson
发明人： Myron J. Block , Lester Sodickson
IPC分类号： G01N21/35 , A61B5/00 , A61B5/145 , A61B5/1455 , A61B5/1495 , A61B10/00 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/47 , G01N21/49 , G01N33/487 , G01J3/02
CPC分类号： A61B5/14532 , A61B5/0059 , A61B5/14546 , A61B5/14558 , G01N21/359 , G01N21/4795 , G01N21/49 , G01N2021/3137
摘要： An improved method and apparatus for use in optical testing of concentration in samples has been developed. The apparatus restricts the solid angle of illumination and the solid angle of detection to eliminate a high proportion of the scattered radiation while allowing the ballistic radiation and the snake-like radiation to be transmitted. In samples which contain multiple scattering centers, this allows less correction for variations in effective pathlength and allows easier calibration of the apparatus. The use of polarized radiation as a means of minimizing scattered radiation in the sample is also disclosed.

16. 发明授权

US6002953A Non-invasive IR transmission measurement of analyte in the tympanic membrane 失效
标题翻译：鼓膜分析物的非侵入性IR透射测量
公开(公告)号：US6002953A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-14
申请号：US73574
申请日：1998-05-06
申请人： Myron J. Block
发明人： Myron J. Block
IPC分类号： A61B5/145 , A61B5/00 , A61B5/1455
CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/6817
摘要： The invention provides non-invasive methods and apparati for measurement of the concentration of a selected constituent of a subject's blood. The invention cools a segment of the subject's tympanic membrane and employs the thermal radiation that the subject's inner ear emits and is transmitted through this cold segment to directly obtain absorption information related to the concentration of various constituents of blood flowing through the membrane. In particular the invention utilizes optical devices inserted into the external ear cavity to direct a portion of the transmitted radiation onto an infrared detection and analysis device. The signal from the detection device is analyzed to obtain the concentration of the constituent of interest. The invention can employ both traditional spectrophotometric techniques and also non-spectrophotometric techniques to derive the concentration of a particular constituent.
摘要翻译：本发明提供非侵入性方法并且测定受试者血液的选定成分的浓度。本发明冷却受试者的鼓膜的一段，并采用受试者的内耳发射的热辐射并通过该冷段传播，以直接获得与流过膜的血液的各种成分的浓度相关的吸收信息。特别地，本发明利用插入到外耳腔中的光学装置将一部分透射的辐射引导到红外检测和分析装置上。分析来自检测装置的信号以获得感兴趣的成分的浓度。本发明可以采用传统的分光光度技术和非分光光度技术来得出特定成分的浓度。

17. 发明授权

US5818044A Non-spectrophotometric measurement of analyte concentrations and optical properties of objects 失效
标题翻译：非分光光度法测量物体的分析物浓度和光学性质
公开(公告)号：US5818044A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-06
申请号：US383293
申请日：1995-02-02
申请人： Lester Sodickson , Myron J. Block
发明人： Lester Sodickson , Myron J. Block
IPC分类号： G01N33/49 , A61B5/00 , A61B5/145 , A61B5/1455 , G01N21/27 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/35 , G01N21/47 , G01N21/64 , G01N33/487
CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/14546 , A61B5/6826 , A61B5/6838 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/359 , G01N21/4795 , G01N2021/3137
摘要： Improvement methods and apparatus for determination of optical properties of objects have been developed. The apparatus and methods of the invention provide an analog of color perception of human vision, preferably in the near infrared region, replacing spectrophotometers and narrow band sources used in other non-invasive near infrared detection methods. A plurality of detector units are used, each covering a broad and overlapping region of the detected spectrum, paralleling color perception and colorimetry. The improvements are primarily concerned with improving the signal-to-background (or noise) ratio such that the data stream is improved. These improvements use congruent sampling, comparison of different data streams from different sample portions or filter sets, using an interrogation system with sufficient speed to allow testing of arterial blood, and using a filter with a spectral structure. In some circumstances, a neural net is used for analysis, allowing the system to learn. A novel method for background discrimination is also described.
摘要翻译：已经开发了用于确定物体光学特性的改进方法和装置。本发明的装置和方法提供人类视觉的颜色感觉的模拟，优选在近红外区域，代替其它非侵入式近红外检测方法中使用的分光光度计和窄带光源。使用多个检测器单元，每个检测器单元覆盖检测到的光谱的宽且重叠的区域，并行色彩感知和比色法。这些改进主要涉及改善信号对背景（或噪声）比，使得数据流得到改善。这些改进使用一致的采样，使用具有足够速度的询问系统来对来自不同采样部分或滤波器组的不同数据流进行比较，以允许测试动脉血，并使用具有光谱结构的滤波器。在某些情况下，神经网络用于分析，允许系统学习。还描述了用于背景辨别的新颖方法。

18. 发明授权

US5424545A Non-invasive non-spectrophotometric infrared measurement of blood analyte concentrations 失效
标题翻译：非侵入性非分光光度法红外测量血液分析物浓度
公开(公告)号：US5424545A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-13
申请号：US182572
申请日：1994-01-14
申请人： Myron J. Block , Lester Sodickson
发明人： Myron J. Block , Lester Sodickson
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , A61B5/145 , A61B5/1455 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/35 , G01N21/47 , G01N21/61 , G01N33/487
CPC分类号： G01N21/4795 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/14546 , A61B5/1455 , A61B5/6826 , A61B5/6838 , G01N21/359 , G01N2021/3137
摘要： A new non-invasive non-spectrophotometric method for measuring the blood concentration of analytes such as glucose has been developed. The apparatus and methods of the invention exploit analogies with colorimetry and color perception to extract concentration measurements from the global structure of the intensity versus wavelength absorbance or transmission profile. A plurality of broad spectrum filters transmit distinguishably coded beams of radiation in overlapping portions of the spectrum to the sample. Radiation reflected or transmitted by the sample is detected and decoded. LED's may be used instead of the broad spectrum radiation generating device and the filters. Further, a scanning interferometer can be used as the illuminating and coding device. In a preferred mode, congruent illumination is utilized. The coded signals are analyzed by analogy to colorimetry and visual processing and can be converted into concentration measurements.
摘要翻译：已经开发了用于测量诸如葡萄糖的分析物的血液浓度的新的非侵入性非分光光度法。本发明的装置和方法利用比色和颜色感知的类比从强度对波长吸光度或透射曲线的全局结构提取浓度测量。多个广谱滤波器将光谱的重叠部分中的可分辨地编码的辐射束发射到样品。检测并解码由样本反射或发射的辐射。可以使用LED来代替广谱辐射发生装置和滤光器。此外，扫描干涉仪可以用作照明和编码装置。在优选的模式中，利用了一致的照明。编码信号通过与比色和视觉处理类似地进行分析，并可以转换为浓度测量。

19. 发明授权

US5321265A Non-invasive testing 失效
标题翻译：无创检测
公开(公告)号：US5321265A
公开(公告)日：1994-06-14
申请号：US914265
申请日：1992-07-15
申请人： Myron J. Block
发明人： Myron J. Block
IPC分类号： G01N33/49 , A61B5/00 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/35 , G01N21/47 , G01N33/487
CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 , A61B5/0059 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/14546 , G01N21/359 , G01N21/4795 , G01N2021/3137
摘要： A new non-invasive detection method for glucose and other constituents of interest in a sample has been developed. The apparatus and methods of the invention provide an analog of color perception of human vision, preferably in the near infrared region, replacing spectrophotometers and narrow band sources used in other noninvasive near infrared detection methods. A plurality of detector units are used, each covering a broad and overlapping region of the detected spectrum, paralleling color perception and colorimetry. In some circumstances, a neural net is used for analysis, allowing the system to learn. A novel method for background discrimination is also described.
摘要翻译：已经开发了用于葡萄糖和样品中感兴趣的其它成分的新的非侵入性检测方法。本发明的装置和方法提供人类视觉的颜色感知的模拟，优选在近红外区域，代替其它非侵入式近红外检测方法中使用的分光光度计和窄带光源。使用多个检测器单元，每个检测器单元覆盖检测到的光谱的宽且重叠的区域，并行色彩感知和比色法。在某些情况下，神经网络用于分析，允许系统学习。还描述了用于背景辨别的新颖方法。

20. 发明授权

US4558014A Assay apparatus and methods 失效
标题翻译：测定仪器和方法
公开(公告)号：US4558014A
公开(公告)日：1985-12-10
申请号：US503500
申请日：1983-06-13
申请人： Tomas B. Hirschfeld , Myron J. Block
发明人： Tomas B. Hirschfeld , Myron J. Block
IPC分类号： G01N21/64 , G01N21/77 , G01N33/53 , G01N33/536 , G01N33/543 , G01N33/58 , G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/648 , G01N21/7703 , G01N33/5302 , G01N33/54373 , G01N33/582 , Y10S436/80 , Y10S436/807 , Y10S436/808
摘要： An assay apparatus and methods employing total internal fluorescence to define a thin observed volume of a multi-phase suspension from which the suspended phase, because of its size and shape, is substantially excluded. Observations of the fluorescence of a known quantity of fluorescent material introduced into a known volume of the sample containing the observed volume permits quantitation of the volumes of the suspended and suspending phases.
摘要翻译：一种使用全内荧光来定义多相悬浮液的薄观察体积的测定装置和方法，由此基本排除了悬浮相的尺寸和形状。已知量的荧光材料的荧光观察引入含有观察体积的已知体积的样品中，可以定量悬浮和悬浮相的体积。

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