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11. 发明授权

US5366841A Toner aggregation processes 失效
标题翻译：调色剂聚合过程
公开(公告)号：US5366841A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-22
申请号：US129476
申请日：1993-09-30
申请人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Michael A. Hopper , Melvin D. Croucher
发明人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Michael A. Hopper , Melvin D. Croucher
IPC分类号： G03G9/087 , G03G9/08
CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 , G03G9/0812 , G03G9/0815
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing the pigment dispersion with a latex blend comprised of resin particles, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant thereby causing a flocculation or heterocoagulation of the formed particles of pigment, resin and charge control agent to form a uniform dispersion of solids in the water, and surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend at a critical temperature region about equal to or above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin, while continuously stirring, to form electrostatically bounded toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution and wherein said critical temperature is from about 0.degree. C. to about 10.degree. C. above the resin Tg, and wherein the resin Tg is from about 30.degree. C. to about 65.degree. C. and preferably in the range of from about 45.degree. C. to about 65.degree. C.;(iv) heating the statically bound aggregated particles from about 10.degree. C. to about 45.degree. C. above the Tg of the resin particles to provide a toner composition comprised of polymeric resin, pigment and optionally a charge control agent; and(v) optionally separating and drying said toner.
摘要翻译：一种制备调色剂组合物的方法，包括：（i）在水中制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）用由树脂颗粒，具有与所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性相反的电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的胶乳混合物剪切颜料分散体，从而引起所形成的颜料，树脂颗粒的絮凝或异凝和电荷控制剂以形成均匀的固体在水中的分散体和表面活性剂; （iii）在连续搅拌的同时在约等于或高于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的临界温度区域加热上述剪切共混物，以形成具有窄粒度分布的静电有界调色剂尺寸聚集体，并且其中所述临界温度在树脂Tg以上约0℃至约10℃，并且其中树脂Tg为约30℃至约65℃，优选为约45℃至约45℃ 约65℃。（iv）将静态结合的聚集颗粒加热到高于树脂颗粒的Tg的约10℃至约45℃，以提供由聚合树脂，颜料和任选的电荷控制剂组成的调色剂组合物; 和（v）任选地分离和干燥所述调色剂。

12. 发明授权

US5981651A Ink processes 失效
标题翻译：墨水处理
公开(公告)号：US5981651A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-09
申请号：US922078
申请日：1997-09-02
申请人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Michael A. Hopper , Walter Mychajlowskij
发明人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Michael A. Hopper , Walter Mychajlowskij
IPC分类号： C09D11/02 , C08F2/00 , C08F12/08 , C09D11/00
CPC分类号： C08F12/08 , C09D11/30 , Y10S977/788
摘要： A process comprising (1) polymerizing an organic phase of monomer in the presence of a carboxylic acid, an oil soluble chain transfer agent, and a partially water soluble chain transfer agent; and which polymerizing is accomplished in the presence of (2) an aqueous phase containing a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, and wherein there is added to the aqueous phase an aqueous initiator solution of an inorganic persulfate, and wherein the resulting latex contains particles of polymer with carboxylic acid; aggregating said latex particles with colorant; thereafter adding an effective amount of anionic surfactant and heating the mixture resulting about equal to, or about above the polymer Tg resulting from said monomer, or said monomers.
摘要翻译：一种方法，其包括（1）在羧酸，油溶性链转移剂和部分水溶性链转移剂的存在下聚合单体的有机相; 并且在（2）含有非离子表面活性剂的水相和阴离子表面活性剂的存在下进行聚合，并且其中在水相中加入无机过硫酸盐的引发剂水溶液，并且其中所得的胶乳含有颗粒的聚合物与羧酸; 用着色剂聚集所述胶乳颗粒; 然后加入有效量的阴离子表面活性剂并加热产生的约等于或约高于由所述单体或所述单体产生的聚合物Tg的混合物。

13. 发明授权

US5744520A Aggregation processes 失效
标题翻译：汇总流程
公开(公告)号：US5744520A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-28
申请号：US684955
申请日：1996-07-19
申请人： Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Richard P. N. Veregin , Raj D. Patel , Michael A. Hopper , Maria V. McDougall
发明人： Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Richard P. N. Veregin , Raj D. Patel , Michael A. Hopper , Maria V. McDougall
IPC分类号： C08J3/215 , G03G9/113 , C08K9/08 , C08K3/22 , C08K5/41 , C08L1/26
CPC分类号： C08J3/215 , G03G9/1131 , G03G9/1133 , G03G9/1138 , G03G9/1139
摘要： A process for the preparation of polymer compositions which comprises mixing a conductive component with an anionic polymeric latex containing a polymer; adding a cationic surfactant, or flocculant whereby the aggregation of the latex particles and the conductive component particles results; subsequently adding colloidal stabilizer, followed by the addition of a base to obtain a pH of from about 7 to about 12; heating above about the polymer glass transition temperature thereby enabling the severage, or breakage of the formed aggregated particles; further heating above about the polymer glass transition temperature enabling the coalescence of the polymer and conductive component particles; and optionally washing and drying the resulting coalesced product.
摘要翻译：一种制备聚合物组合物的方法，其包括将导电组分与含有聚合物的阴离子聚合物胶乳混合; 加入阳离子表面活性剂或絮凝剂，由此导致胶乳颗粒和导电组分颗粒的聚集; 随后加入胶体稳定剂，然后加入碱以获得约7至约12的pH; 加热高于聚合物玻璃化转变温度，从而能够形成聚集的颗粒的覆盖或破裂; 进一步加热高于聚合物玻璃化转变温度，使聚合物和导电组分颗粒聚结; 并任选地洗涤和干燥所得的聚结产物。

14. 发明授权

US5403693A Toner aggregation and coalescence processes 失效
标题翻译：调色剂聚集和聚结过程
公开(公告)号：US5403693A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-04
申请号：US83157
申请日：1993-06-25
申请人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Michael A. Hopper
发明人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Michael A. Hopper
IPC分类号： G03G9/087 , G03G9/08 , G03G9/09 , G03G9/097
CPC分类号： G03G9/0815 , G03G9/0804 , G03G9/0812 , Y10S528/936
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions with controlled particle size comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant in amounts of from about 0.5 to about 10 percent by weight of water, and an optional charge control agent;(ii) shearing the pigment dispersion with a latex mixture comprised of a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and resin particles, thereby causing a flocculation or heterocoagulation of the formed particles of pigment, resin, and charge control agent;(iii) stirring the resulting sheared viscous mixture of (ii) at from about 300 to about 1,000 revolutions per minute to form electrostatically bound substantially stable toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(iv) reducing the stirring speed in (iii) to from about 100 to about 600 revolutions per minute, and subsequently adding further anionic or nonionic surfactant in the range of from about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight of water to control, prevent, or minimize further growth or enlargement of the particles in the coalescence step (iii); and(v) heating and coalescing from about 5 to about 50.degree. C. above about the resin glass transition temperature, Tg, which resin Tg is from between about 45.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C. and preferably from between about 50.degree. C. and about 80.degree. C. the statically bound aggregated particles to form said toner composition comprised of resin, pigment and optional charge control agent.
摘要翻译：一种用于制备具有受控粒度的调色剂组合物的方法，包括：（i）在水中制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，约0.5至约10重量％的水的离子表面活性剂，和可选的电荷控制剂; （ii）用包含与所述离子表面活性剂相反电荷极性的反离子表面活性剂，非离子表面活性剂和树脂颗粒的胶体混合物剪切颜料分散体，从而引起所形成的颜料颗粒的絮凝或异凝，树脂和电荷控制剂; （iii）以约300至约1,000转/分钟搅拌得到的（ii）剪切粘稠混合物以形成具有窄粒度分布的静电粘合的基本上稳定的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （iv）将（iii）中的搅拌速度降低至约100至约600转/分钟，随后加入约0.1至约10重量％的水的其它阴离子或非离子表面活性剂以控制，或最小化在聚结步骤（iii）中的颗粒的进一步生长或增大; 和（v）在树脂玻璃化转变温度Tg以上高于约5至约50℃加热和聚结，该树脂Tg为约45℃至约90℃，优选为约50℃ C.和约80℃的静态结合聚集的颗粒以形成由树脂，颜料和任选的电荷控制剂组成的所述调色剂组合物。

15. 发明授权

US5679724A Submicron particles for ink jet inks 失效
标题翻译：用于喷墨油墨的亚微米颗粒
公开(公告)号：US5679724A
公开(公告)日：1997-10-21
申请号：US536235
申请日：1995-09-29
申请人： Guerino G. Sacripante , Raj D. Patel , Marcel P. Breton , Michael A. Hopper , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Beng S. Ong
发明人： Guerino G. Sacripante , Raj D. Patel , Marcel P. Breton , Michael A. Hopper , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Beng S. Ong
IPC分类号： B41J2/01 , C08J3/03 , C08J3/215 , C09D11/00 , C08J3/02 , C08J3/05
CPC分类号： C09D11/32 , C08J3/215
摘要： An ink for ink jet printing includes an emulsifiable polymer resin and a pigment, and may be made by: (a) combining (1) an emulsion of an emulsifiable polymer resin in an anionic medium with (2) a pigment and a cationic surfactant; and (b) aggregating particles in the mixture of step (a) to a desired particle size, thereby producing a solution of aggregated particles. The particles can optionally be coalesced to alter the particle size of the particles.
摘要翻译：用于喷墨印刷的油墨包括可乳化聚合物树脂和颜料，并且可以通过以下制备：（a）将（1）阴离子介质中的可乳化聚合物树脂的乳液与（2）颜料和阳离子表面活性剂组合; 和（b）将步骤（a）的混合物中的颗粒聚集成所需的粒径，从而产生凝集颗粒的溶液。颗粒可以任选地聚结以改变颗粒的粒度。

16. 发明授权

US5565296A Coated carriers by aggregation processes 失效
标题翻译：通过聚合过程的涂层载体
公开(公告)号：US5565296A
公开(公告)日：1996-10-15
申请号：US497737
申请日：1995-07-03
申请人： Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Richard P. N. Veregin , Raj D. Patel , Michael A. Hopper , Maria V. McDougall
发明人： Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Richard P. N. Veregin , Raj D. Patel , Michael A. Hopper , Maria V. McDougall
IPC分类号： C08J3/215 , G03G9/113
CPC分类号： C08J3/215 , G03G9/1131 , G03G9/1133 , G03G9/1138 , G03G9/1139
摘要： A process for the preparation of polymer compositions which comprises mixing a conductive component with an anionic polymeric latex containing a polymer; adding a cationic surfactant, or flocculant whereby the aggregation of the latex particles and the conductive component particles results; subsequently adding colloidal stabilizer, followed by the addition of a base to obtain a pH of from about 7 to about 12; heating above about the polymer glass transition temperature thereby enabling the severage, or breakage of the formed aggregated particles; further heating above about the polymer glass transition temperature enabling the coalescence of the polymer and conductive component particles; and optionally washing and drying the resulting coalesced product.
摘要翻译：一种制备聚合物组合物的方法，其包括将导电组分与含有聚合物的阴离子聚合物胶乳混合; 加入阳离子表面活性剂或絮凝剂，由此导致胶乳颗粒和导电组分颗粒的聚集; 随后加入胶体稳定剂，然后加入碱以获得约7至约12的pH; 加热高于聚合物玻璃化转变温度，从而能够形成聚集的颗粒的覆盖或破裂; 进一步加热高于聚合物玻璃化转变温度，使聚合物和导电组分颗粒聚结; 并任选地洗涤和干燥所得的聚结产物。

17. 发明授权

US5536615A Liquid developers and toner aggregation processes 失效
标题翻译：液体显影剂和调色剂聚集过程
公开(公告)号：US5536615A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-16
申请号：US498206
申请日：1995-07-05
申请人： Michael A. Hopper , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Peter G. Odell , Bernard Grushkin , George A. Gibson
发明人： Michael A. Hopper , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Peter G. Odell , Bernard Grushkin , George A. Gibson
IPC分类号： G03G9/08 , G03G9/12 , G03G9/135 , G03G9/13
CPC分类号： G03G9/12 , G03G9/0804 , G03G9/0819 , G03G9/1355
摘要： A process for the preparation of liquid developers comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, and an ionic surfactant;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of a nonionic surfactant, resin, and a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and optionally adding further anionic, or nonionic surfactant to stabilize the aggregates obtained in (iii);(iii) heating the above resulting sheared aqueous blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(iv) heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin to form toner size particles in an aqueous medium and which particles possess a narrow particle size distribution; and(v) separating from the aqueous medium toner particles of resin and pigment, and dispersing said toner particles in a carrier fluid.
摘要翻译：一种用于制备液体显影剂的方法，包括：（i）制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料和离子表面活性剂组成; （ii）用包含非离子表面活性剂，树脂和抗衡离子表面活性剂的胶乳或乳液共混物剪切所述颜料分散体，所述非离子表面活性剂，树脂和所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性与所述离子表面活性剂具有相反的电荷极性，（iii）中得到的聚集体; （iii）将上述所得的剪切含水混合物加热到低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的温度以形成具有窄粒度分布的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （iv）将所述结合的聚集体加热到树脂的Tg附近，以在水性介质中形成调色剂颗粒，并且该颗粒具有窄的粒度分布; 和（v）从水性介质中分离树脂和颜料的调色剂颗粒，并将所述调色剂颗粒分散在载体流体中。

18. 发明授权

US5496676A Toner aggregation processes 失效
标题翻译：调色剂聚合过程
公开(公告)号：US5496676A
公开(公告)日：1996-03-05
申请号：US411196
申请日：1995-03-27
申请人： Melvin D. Croucher , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Michael A. Hopper , Bernard Grushkin
发明人： Melvin D. Croucher , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Michael A. Hopper , Bernard Grushkin
IPC分类号： G03G9/08 , G03G9/087
CPC分类号： G03G9/0815 , G03G9/0804
摘要： A process comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion comprised of pigment, ionic surfactant, and optional charge control agent;(ii) mixing at least two resins in the form of latexes, each latex comprising a resin, ionic and nonionic surfactants and optionally a charge control agent, and wherein the ionic surfactant has a countercharge to the ionic surfactant of (i) to obtain a latex blend;(iii) shearing said pigment dispersion with the latex blend of (ii) comprised of resins, counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;(iv) heating the above sheared blends of (iii) below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin, to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution; and(v) subsequently adding further anionic surfactant solution to minimize further growth of the bound aggregates (vi);(vi) heating said bound aggregates above about the glass transition temperature Tg of the resin to form stable toner particles; and optionally(vii) separating and drying the toner.
摘要翻译：一种方法，包括：（i）制备由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成的颜料分散体; （ii）混合至少两种胶乳形式的树脂，每种胶乳包含树脂，离子和非离子表面活性剂以及任选的电荷控制剂，并且其中所述离子表面活性剂与（i）的离子表面活性剂相反，以获得胶乳混合物（iii）用（ii）由树脂构成的胶乳混合物剪切所述颜料分散体，具有与所述离子表面活性剂相反的电荷极性的反离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂; （iv）将上述（iii）的剪切混合物加热到约树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）以下以形成具有窄粒度分布的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; 和（v）随后加入另外的阴离子表面活性剂溶液以使结合的聚集体（vi）的进一步生长最小化。（vi）将所述结合的聚集体加热到高于树脂的玻璃化转变温度Tg以形成稳定的调色剂颗粒; 和（vii）分离和干燥调色剂。

19. 发明授权

US5391456A Toner aggregation processes 失效
标题翻译：调色剂聚合过程
公开(公告)号：US5391456A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-21
申请号：US203095
申请日：1994-02-28
申请人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Michael A. Hopper , Melvin D. Croucher
发明人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Michael A. Hopper , Melvin D. Croucher
IPC分类号： G03G9/087 , G03G9/08 , G03G9/09
CPC分类号： G03G9/0815 , G03G9/0804
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising:(i) forming a dispersion of resin in an aqueous ionic surfactant solution;(ii) preparing pigment dispersions in water of three different pigments each of a dissimilar color, each dispersion being comprised of a pigment dispersed in water and which preparation utilizes nonionic dispersants, and optionally an ionic surfactant;(iii) blending the prepared resin dispersed as a latex with two, or optionally three of the different color pigment dispersions of step (ii);(iv) adding an aqueous solution of counterionic surfactant as a coagulant to the formed resin-pigment blends, while continuously subjecting the mixture to high shear, to induce a homogeneous gel of the flocculated resin-pigments blend;(v) heating the above sheared gel at temperatures between about 20.degree. C. and about 5.degree. C. below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin while continuously stirring at speeds between about 200 and about 500 revolutions per minute to form statically bound toner sized aggregates between about 2 and about 12 microns in average volume diameter with a narrow size dispersity and with a geometric size distribution (GSD) between 1.10 and 1.25;(vi) heating the statically bound aggregated particles at temperatures of from between 25.degree. C. and 40.degree. C. above the Tg of the resin to form coalesced rigid particles of a toner composition comprised of polymeric resin, and pigment agent; and optionally(vii) separating and drying said toner.
摘要翻译：一种制备调色剂组合物的方法，包括：（i）在离子表面活性剂水溶液中形成树脂分散体; （ii）将颜料分散体在三种不同颜色的不同颜料的水中制备，每种分散体由分散在水中的颜料组成，并且该制剂使用非离子分散剂和任选的离子表面活性剂; （iii）将作为胶乳分散的制备的树脂与步骤（ii）的两种或任选三种不同颜色的颜料分散体共混; （iv）在形成的树脂 - 颜料混合物中加入作为凝结剂的抗衡离子表面活性剂的水溶液，同时连续地对混合物进行高剪切，以诱导絮凝的树脂 - 颜料混合物的均匀凝胶; （v）在约20℃至约5℃的温度下将树脂加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的温度，同时以约200至约500转/分钟的速度连续搅拌以形成静态平均体积直径约2至约12微米的结合的调色剂尺寸的聚集体具有窄尺寸分散度和1.10至1.25之间的几何尺寸分布（GSD）; （vi）在树脂的Tg高于25℃至40℃的温度下加热静态结合的聚集颗粒，以形成由聚合物树脂和颜料剂组成的调色剂组合物的聚结刚性颗粒; 和（vii）分离和干燥所述调色剂。

20. 发明授权

US5683847A Toner aggregation latex processes 失效
标题翻译：调色剂聚集胶乳工艺
公开(公告)号：US5683847A
公开(公告)日：1997-11-04
申请号：US619055
申请日：1996-03-20
申请人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Walter Mychajlowskij , Michael A. Hopper
发明人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Walter Mychajlowskij , Michael A. Hopper
IPC分类号： G03G9/08 , G03G9/087
CPC分类号： G03G9/08711 , G03G9/0804
摘要： A process comprising: (i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, a cationic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent; (ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex comprised of water, resin, a counterionic or anionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said cationic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant, and wherein said latex is prepared by the addition of monomers containing a chain transfer agent and a organic soluble initiator to a water phase containing a anionic surfactant, and said nonionic surfactant, followed by the addition of a water soluble initiator, and subsequently heating; (iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates; and (iv) heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin.
摘要翻译：一种方法，包括：（i）制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，阳离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）用包含水，树脂，具有与所述阳离子表面活性剂相反的电荷极性的反离子或阴离子表面活性剂的胶乳和非离子表面活性剂剪切所述颜料分散体，并且其中所述胶乳通过加入含有链转移剂和有机可溶性引发剂的单体与含有阴离子表面活性剂的水相和所述非离子表面活性剂，然后加入水溶性引发剂，随后加热; （iii）将上述剪切混合物加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）以形成静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; 和（iv）在树脂的Tg附近加热所述结合的聚集体。

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