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11. 发明授权

US08374092B2 Technique for protecting against failure of a network element using multi-topology repair routing (MTRR) 有权
标题翻译：使用多拓扑修复路由（MTRR）防止网元故障的技术
公开(公告)号：US08374092B2
公开(公告)日：2013-02-12
申请号：US11511128
申请日：2006-08-28
申请人： Stefano B. Previdi , David D. Ward , Jean-Philippe Vasseur , Ian Michael Charles Shand , Stewart Bryant
发明人： Stefano B. Previdi , David D. Ward , Jean-Philippe Vasseur , Ian Michael Charles Shand , Stewart Bryant
IPC分类号： G01R31/08
CPC分类号： H04L41/0668 , H04L41/5003 , H04L43/00 , H04L43/0882 , H04L43/16 , H04L45/02 , H04L45/12 , H04L45/22 , H04L45/28
摘要： A technique protects against failure of a network element using Multi-Topology Repair Routing (MTRR) in a computer network. According to the novel technique, a protecting node (e.g., a router) maintains Multi-Topology Routing (MTR) databases for a first topology and at least a second topology. The protecting node determines whether any acceptable repair paths are available in the first topology for a protected network element (e.g., node, link, etc.) of the first topology. If not, the protecting node may establish a repair path (e.g., for Fast ReRoute, FRR) in the second topology for the protected network element.
摘要翻译：一种技术可以防止网络元件在计算机网络中使用多拓扑修复路由（MTRR）的故障。根据新颖技术，保护节点（例如，路由器）维护用于第一拓扑和至少第二拓扑的多拓扑路由（MTR）数据库。保护节点确定第一拓扑中的受保护网络元件（例如，节点，链路等）的第一拓扑中是否有可接受的修复路径可用。如果不是，保护节点可以在受保护网络元件的第二拓扑中建立修复路径（例如，用于Fast ReRoute，FRR）。

12. 发明申请

US20100238788A1 Connection verification for MPLS label switched paths and pseudowires 有权
标题翻译： MPLS标签交换路径和伪线的连接验证
公开(公告)号：US20100238788A1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-23
申请号：US12383360
申请日：2009-03-23
申请人： Sami Boutros , Muthurajah Sivabalan , David D. Ward , George Swallow , Stewart Bryant , Ian Michael Charles Shand
发明人： Sami Boutros , Muthurajah Sivabalan , David D. Ward , George Swallow , Stewart Bryant , Ian Michael Charles Shand
IPC分类号： G06F11/07 , H04L12/26
CPC分类号： H04L12/2419 , H04L41/06 , H04L43/0811 , H04L45/26 , H04L45/28 , H04L45/50 , H04L47/10
摘要： In one embodiment, a connection verification (CV) message is initiated from an initiating maintenance end point (MEP) for an MPLS LSP, the CV message carried in a packet having a time-to-live (TTL) value of 1. Each maintenance intermediate point (MIP) along the MPLS LSP receives the packet and decrements the TTL, and in response to determining that the TTL equals 0, examines a payload of the packet to determine that the packet carries the CV message. The MIP may then append its MIP ID to a route record field of the payload having any previous MIP IDs of upstream MIPs, and forwards the CV message downstream along the MPLS LSP in a packet having a TTL value of 1. The end MEP receives the CV message, and sends a CV reply having the route record field with MIP IDs and an end MEP ID to the initiating MEP.
摘要翻译：在一个实施例中，从针对MPLS LSP的发起维护端点（MEP）发起连接验证（CV）消息，在具有生存时间（TTL）值为1的分组中携带的CV消息。每个维护沿着MPLS LSP的中间点（MIP）接收分组并递减TTL，并且响应于确定TTL等于0，检查分组的有效载荷以确定分组携带CV消息。然后，MIP可以将其MIP ID附加到具有上游MIP的任何先前MIP ID的有效载荷的路由记录字段，并且在TTL值为1的分组中沿着MPLS LSP向下游转发CV消息。终端MEP接收 CV消息，并将具有MIP ID和终结MEP ID的路由记录字段的CV回复发送到初始MEP。

13. 发明申请

US20080049622A1 Technique for protecting against failure of a network element using Multi-Topology Repair Routing (MTRR) 有权
标题翻译：使用多拓扑修复路由（MTRR）防止网元故障的技术
公开(公告)号：US20080049622A1
公开(公告)日：2008-02-28
申请号：US11511128
申请日：2006-08-28
申请人： Stefano B. Previdi , David D. Ward , Jean-Philippe Vasseur , Ian Michael Charles Shand , Stewart Bryant
发明人： Stefano B. Previdi , David D. Ward , Jean-Philippe Vasseur , Ian Michael Charles Shand , Stewart Bryant
IPC分类号： H04L12/26
CPC分类号： H04L41/0668 , H04L41/5003 , H04L43/00 , H04L43/0882 , H04L43/16 , H04L45/02 , H04L45/12 , H04L45/22 , H04L45/28
摘要： A technique protects against failure of a network element using Multi-Topology Repair Routing (MTRR) in a computer network. According to the novel technique, a protecting node (e.g., a router) maintains Multi-Topology Routing (MTR) databases for a first topology and at least a second topology. The protecting node determines whether any acceptable repair paths are available in the first topology for a protected network element (e.g., node, link, etc.) of the first topology. If not, the protecting node may establish a repair path (e.g., for Fast ReRoute, FRR) in the second topology for the protected network element.
摘要翻译：一种技术可以防止网络元件在计算机网络中使用多拓扑修复路由（MTRR）的故障。根据新颖技术，保护节点（例如，路由器）维护用于第一拓扑和至少第二拓扑的多拓扑路由（MTR）数据库。保护节点确定第一拓扑中的受保护网络元件（例如，节点，链路等）的第一拓扑中是否有可接受的修复路径可用。如果不是，保护节点可以在受保护网络元件的第二拓扑中建立修复路径（例如，用于Fast ReRoute，FRR）。

14. 发明授权

US07499445B2 System and method for routing ISIS traffic through unidirectional links of a computer network 有权
标题翻译：通过计算机网络的单向链路路由ISIS流量的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07499445B2
公开(公告)日：2009-03-03
申请号：US11084387
申请日：2005-03-18
申请人： Stefano B. Previdi , David D. Ward , Jonathan C. Barth , John A. Harper , Ian Michael Charles Shand
发明人： Stefano B. Previdi , David D. Ward , Jonathan C. Barth , John A. Harper , Ian Michael Charles Shand
IPC分类号： H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L45/22 , H04L12/4633 , H04L45/00 , H04L45/02 , H04L45/026 , H04L2212/00
摘要： A system and method routes data traffic over a unidirectional link of a computer network configured to implement a routing protocol, such as the ISIS routing protocol. To that end, the invention extends the ISIS routing protocol to allow dynamic discovery of neighboring routers (i.e., neighbors) that are connected via the unidirectional link and subsequent establishment of an adjacency between the neighbors over the link. Adjacency establishment is illustratively effected through the use of novel type/length/value (TLV) encoded formats appended to ISIS Hello packets to convey information between the neighbors.
摘要翻译：系统和方法通过被配置为实现路由协议（例如ISIS路由协议）的计算机网络的单向链路路由数据业务。为此，本发明扩展了ISIS路由协议以允许经由单向链路连接的邻近路由器（即，邻居）的动态发现，并且随后建立了链路上的邻居之间的邻接关系。通过使用附加到ISIS Hello数据包的新型/长度/值（TLV）编码格式来说明邻居建立来传达邻居之间的信息。

15. 发明授权

US07633874B1 Soft notification messaging for a routing protocol 有权
标题翻译：路由协议的软通知消息
公开(公告)号：US07633874B1
公开(公告)日：2009-12-15
申请号：US10833811
申请日：2004-04-28
申请人： Gargi Nalawade , Keyur P. Patel , John Galen Scudder , David D. Ward
发明人： Gargi Nalawade , Keyur P. Patel , John Galen Scudder , David D. Ward
IPC分类号： G06F11/00 , G01R31/08 , G08C15/00 , G06F15/173
CPC分类号： H04L45/00 , H04L45/04
摘要： A soft notification technique isolates address family application based errors or events occurring within a routing protocol, such as the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), used to exchange routing information between a router and its peer router over a BGP session operating on a reliable transport. The technique apportions the session into a plurality of logical subsets, each of which is associated with an address family application (AFI/SAFI) module of a BGP protocol executing on the routers. BGP soft notification messaging is employed to allow the router to notify its peer of an isolated error condition or event associated with an AFI/SAFI module. Isolation of the error/event enables restart (“soft reset”) of only the associated AFI/SAFI module, thereby obviating the need to reset or terminate the entire BGP session and reliable transport between the router and peer. Notably, soft reset of the module occurs without disrupting services provided by other AFI/SAFI modules of the BGP protocol.
摘要翻译：软通知技术隔离在路由协议（如边界网关协议（BGP））中发生的地址族应用程序错误或事件，用于通过在可靠传输上运行的BGP会话在路由器与其对等路由器之间交换路由信息。该技术将会话分配到多个逻辑子集中，每个逻辑子集与在路由器上执行的BGP协议的地址族应用（AFI / SAFI）模块相关联。使用BGP软通知消息传递来允许路由器通知其对等体与AFI / SAFI模块相关联的隔离的错误状况或事件。隔离错误/事件只能使相关的AFI / SAFI模块重新启动（“软复位”），从而避免重置或终止整个BGP会话以及路由器和对等体之间的可靠传输。值得注意的是，模块的软复位不会中断BGP协议的其他AFI / SAFI模块提供的服务。

16. 发明授权

US07461154B2 Communication arrangement between virtual routers of a physical router 有权
标题翻译：物理路由器的虚拟路由器之间的通信安排
公开(公告)号：US07461154B2
公开(公告)日：2008-12-02
申请号：US10992499
申请日：2004-11-18
申请人： Rodolphe Figaro , David D. Ward , Anca Zamfir , John Galen Scudder
发明人： Rodolphe Figaro , David D. Ward , Anca Zamfir , John Galen Scudder
IPC分类号： G06F15/16
CPC分类号： H04L45/00 , H04L45/586
摘要： A virtual router (VR) communication arrangement enables services on different VRs executing on the same physical router to communicate without utilizing or substantially consuming communication resources, such as a network protocol stack and physical interfaces, of the physical router. The services are illustratively implemented as separately-scheduled VR processes executing on the physical router. A virtual router forwarding information base (vrFIB) is provided within a client socket library of each VR process and is used to determine whether the services are on the same physical router. If so, a lightweight interconnection is created between the services and a message (“packet”) is forwarded over that interconnection to effectuate communication. If the services are not on the same physical router, the packet is sent over the network protocol stack and communication is established using the communication resources of the router.
摘要翻译：虚拟路由器（VR）通信布置使得在相同物理路由器上执行的不同VR上的服务能够在不利用或基本上消耗物理路由器的诸如网络协议栈和物理接口的通信资源的情况下进行通信。这些服务被说明性地实现为在物理路由器上执行的单独调度的VR进程。虚拟路由器转发信息库（vrFIB）在每个VR进程的客户机套接字库中提供，用于确定服务是否在同一物理路由器上。如果是这样，则在服务之间创建轻量级互连，并且通过该互连转发消息（“分组”）以实现通信。如果业务不在同一物理路由器上，则通过网络协议栈发送数据包，并使用路由器的通信资源建立通信。

17. 发明申请

US20080147843A1 TECHNIQUE FOR GRACEFUL SHUTDOWN OF A ROUTING PROTOCOL IN A NETWORK 有权
标题翻译：网络路由协议严格关闭的技术
公开(公告)号：US20080147843A1
公开(公告)日：2008-06-19
申请号：US12041378
申请日：2008-03-03
申请人： John Galen Scudder , Muthurajah Sivabalan , David D. Ward
发明人： John Galen Scudder , Muthurajah Sivabalan , David D. Ward
IPC分类号： G06F15/173
CPC分类号： H04L45/02 , H04L45/22
摘要： In one embodiment, a router generates a notification message that indicates the router is to be gracefully removed from service. The router sends the notification message to peers of the router in a network. The router then continues to forward packets for a grace period after sending the notification message, to permit backup paths to be propagated to peers, and to be put into service, prior to withdrawal from service of paths through the router. Thereafter, the router is removed from service at the expiration of the grace period.
摘要翻译：在一个实施例中，路由器生成指示路由器被正常地从服务中移除的通知消息。路由器向网络中的路由器的对等体发送通知消息。然后，在发送通知消息之后，路由器继续转发宽带时段，允许将备份路径传播到对等体，并在撤销通过路由器的路径服务之前投入使用。此后，在宽限期结束时，路由器将从服务中删除。

18. 发明授权

US07355983B2 Technique for graceful shutdown of a routing protocol in a network 有权
标题翻译：网络中路由协议正常关闭的技术
公开(公告)号：US07355983B2
公开(公告)日：2008-04-08
申请号：US10775877
申请日：2004-02-10
申请人： John Galen Scudder , Muthurajah Sivabalan , David D. Ward
发明人： John Galen Scudder , Muthurajah Sivabalan , David D. Ward
IPC分类号： G01R31/08
CPC分类号： H04L45/02 , H04L45/22
摘要： A graceful shutdown technique modifies a routing protocol to allow an intermediate node, such as a router, to announce to its peer routers (peers) its intention to be gracefully shutdown and removed from service in a network. By announcing its intention to be removed from service, the shutdown router closes (terminates) all connections with its peers and all original routes advertised on those connections are removed (withdrawn) from service. According to the inventive technique, the shutdown router may continue forwarding packets over the network for a “grace” period of time, i.e., the router maintains the validity of those original routes so that packets mapped to the routes are not dropped (at least during the grace period). The grace period also allows backup paths to be propagated to each peer and put into service prior to a final withdrawal of the shutdown router's paths from a forwarding information base of the peer. Thus, the grace period enables the network to continue using the shutdown router as a next hop as it re-converges to use the alternate, backup paths.
摘要翻译：优雅的关机技术修改路由协议，允许诸如路由器之类的中间节点向其对等路由器（对等体）通告其意图被正常关闭并从网络中的服务中删除。关闭路由器通过宣布将其从服务中删除，关闭（终止）与对等体的所有连接，并将从这些连接发布的所有原始路由从服务中删除（撤销）。根据本发明的技术，关闭路由器可以在“宽限”时间段内继续通过网络转发分组，即，路由器保持那些原始路由的有效性，使得映射到路由的分组不被丢弃（至少在宽限期）。宽限期还允许将备份路径传播到每个对等体，并在关闭路由器的路径从对等体的转发信息库最后提取之前投入使用。因此，宽限期允许网络在重新收敛以使用备用路径时继续使用关闭路由器作为下一跳。

19. 发明授权

US08572225B2 Technique for graceful shutdown of a routing protocol in a network 有权
标题翻译：网络中路由协议正常关闭的技术
公开(公告)号：US08572225B2
公开(公告)日：2013-10-29
申请号：US12041378
申请日：2008-03-03
申请人： John Galen Scudder , Muthurajah Sivabalan , David D. Ward
发明人： John Galen Scudder , Muthurajah Sivabalan , David D. Ward
IPC分类号： G06F15/173 , G06F15/16
CPC分类号： H04L45/02 , H04L45/22
摘要： In one embodiment, a router generates a notification message that indicates the router is to be gracefully removed from service. The router sends the notification message to peers of the router in a network. The router then continues to forward packets for a grace period after sending the notification message, to permit backup paths to be propagated to peers, and to be put into service, prior to withdrawal from service of paths through the router. Thereafter, the router is removed from service at the expiration of the grace period.
摘要翻译：在一个实施例中，路由器生成指示路由器被正常地从服务中移除的通知消息。路由器向网络中的路由器的对等体发送通知消息。然后，在发送通知消息之后，路由器继续转发宽带时段，允许将备份路径传播到对等体，并在撤销通过路由器的路径服务之前投入使用。此后，在宽限期结束时，路由器将从服务中删除。

20. 发明授权

US07023808B2 System and method for distributing route selection in an implementation of a routing protocol 有权
标题翻译：在路由协议实现中分配路由选择的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07023808B2
公开(公告)日：2006-04-04
申请号：US10743973
申请日：2003-12-23
申请人： David Alexander Ball , R. Eric Bennett , Martin Hesketh , John Galen Scudder , David D. Ward
发明人： David Alexander Ball , R. Eric Bennett , Martin Hesketh , John Galen Scudder , David D. Ward
IPC分类号： H04J1/16
CPC分类号： H04L45/56 , H04L45/04 , H04L45/12 , H04L45/44
摘要： A partial best path technique distributes route selection in a routing protocol implementation on a router. The technique also ensures that announced paths received from peers of the router (i.e., a “load”) are compared in a correct order to select best paths that are then used by the router to forward packets and to advertise to the peers. When employed in a distributed architecture, the technique further reduces memory usage. To that end, the partial best path technique enhances a best path selection algorithm executed by the router to enable dispersion of the received path load among processing nodes or elements of the router, while maintaining the ordering requirement of the algorithm. The partial best path technique essentially provides an enhancement to the best path selection algorithm that selects a subset of paths from a plurality of paths, with that subset being the minimal subset needed to select the best paths.
摘要翻译：部分最佳路径技术在路由器上的路由协议实现中分配路由选择。该技术还确保从路由器的对等端（即，“负载”）接收到的公告路径以正确的顺序进行比较，以选择最佳路径，然后由路由器用于转发数据包并向对等体通告。当在分布式架构中使用时，该技术进一步减少内存使用。为此，部分最佳路径技术增强了由路由器执行的最佳路径选择算法，以便在维护该算法的排序要求的同时，使路由器的处理节点或元素之间的接收路径负载分散。部分最佳路径技术基本上为最佳路径选择算法提供了增强，该算法从多个路径中选择路径的子集，该子集是选择最佳路径所需的最小子集。

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