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11. 发明授权

US09094344B2 Establishing a bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) asynchronous mode session without knowing a Prior layer-2 or layer-3 information 有权
标题翻译：建立双向转发检测（BFD）异步模式会话，不知道第2层或第3层信息
公开(公告)号：US09094344B2
公开(公告)日：2015-07-28
申请号：US13234331
申请日：2011-09-16
申请人： Sami Boutros , George Leonard Swallow , Nobushige Akiya
发明人： Sami Boutros , George Leonard Swallow , Nobushige Akiya
IPC分类号： H04L12/26 , H04L12/721 , H04L12/931 , H04L12/935
CPC分类号： H04L45/66 , H04L49/3054 , H04L49/351
摘要： In one embodiment, a Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) asynchronous mode session is established between two packet switching devices interconnected by one or more physical links. Prior to L2 or L3 services being established, each of these packet switching devices does not know the Media Access Control (MAC) nor Internet Protocol (IP) addresses of each interface of the other packet switching device that is connected to one of these link(s). A request to establish a BFD session is sent from one packet switching device to the other, with a MAC frame including the request being addressed to a group, broadcast, or other address that the receiving packet switching device will recognize and thus process the received request. Based on information contained in this received MAC frame, the receiving packet switching device has the information it needs, and sends a BFD control frame to the other packet switching device.
摘要翻译：在一个实施例中，通过一个或多个物理链路互连的两个分组交换设备之间建立双向转发检测（BFD）异步模式会话。在建立L2或L3服务之前，这些分组交换设备中的每一个不知道连接到这些链路之一的另一分组交换设备的每个接口的媒体接入控制（MAC）或互联网协议（IP）地址 s）。将建立BFD会话的请求从一个分组交换设备发送到另一个分组交换设备，其中MAC帧包括寻址到接收分组交换设备将识别的组，广播或其他地址的请求，从而处理接收到的请求。根据接收的MAC帧中包含的信息，接收分组交换装置具有需要的信息，向另一个分组交换装置发送BFD控制帧。

12. 发明授权

US08467403B2 Coordinated updating of forwarding information bases in a multistage packet switching device 有权
标题翻译：协调更新多级分组交换设备中的转发信息库
公开(公告)号：US08467403B2
公开(公告)日：2013-06-18
申请号：US12769946
申请日：2010-04-29
申请人： Yuri Tsier , Parag Kumar Jain , Clarence Filsfils , Sami Boutros , John H. W. Bettink
发明人： Yuri Tsier , Parag Kumar Jain , Clarence Filsfils , Sami Boutros , John H. W. Bettink
IPC分类号： H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L45/00 , H04L45/02 , H04L49/253 , H04L49/3009
摘要： Disclosed are, inter alia, methods, apparatus, computer-storage media, mechanisms, and means associated with the coordinated updating of forwarding information bases (FIBs) in a multistage packet switching device, which performs at least lookup operations on multiple different FIBs in determining how to forward a packet. One embodiment uses lookup operations on two different FIBs, with these being an ingress FIB on an ingress line card and an egress FIB on an egress line card. In response to a change in the forwarding information for a stream of packets, the egress FIBs are first updated to include both the old and new forwarding information. After all egress FIBs have been updated, the ingress FIBs are updated to use the new forwarding information. This update procedure is designed to eliminate loss or duplication of packets induced during the updating of these FIBs to use the new forwarding information.
摘要翻译：公开了尤其涉及在多级分组交换设备中与转发信息库（FIB）的协调更新相关联的方法，装置，计算机存储介质，机制和装置，其在多个不同的FIB中执行至少查找操作来确定如何转发数据包。一个实施例对两个不同的FIB进行查找操作，这些FIB是入口线卡上的入口FIB和出口线卡上的出口FIB。响应于分组流的转发信息的改变，首先更新出口FIB以包括旧的和新的转发信息。在所有出口FIB已被更新之后，入口FIB被更新以使用新的转发信息。该更新过程旨在消除在更新这些FIB期间引起的分组丢失或重复以使用新的转发信息。

13. 发明申请

US20110280121A1 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SUMMARIZING ALARM INDICATIONS IN A NETWORK ENVIRONMENT 有权
标题翻译：在网络环境中总结报警指示的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20110280121A1
公开(公告)日：2011-11-17
申请号：US12778871
申请日：2010-05-12
申请人： Sami Boutros , Nagi Reddy Jonnala , Muthurajah Sivabalan , George Swallow , David D. Ward
发明人： Sami Boutros , Nagi Reddy Jonnala , Muthurajah Sivabalan , George Swallow , David D. Ward
IPC分类号： H04L12/24 , H04L12/26
CPC分类号： H04L41/0677
摘要： An example method includes detecting a failure at a first network element, the failure is associated with a link between the first network element and a second network element. The method also includes generating a list of network elements to be notified based on the failure, the second network element is included on the list. The method further includes generating an alarm indication signal (AIS) message, the AIS message identifies a plurality of tunnels affected by the failure. The AIS message is communicated to the second network element. In more detailed embodiments, each link between the first network element and the second network element includes a globally unique link identifier, which includes an associated autonomous system number. The globally unique link identifier can represent a string to be associated with the plurality of tunnels, the globally unique link identifier includes a source address and a destination address.
摘要翻译：示例性方法包括检测第一网络元件的故障，故障与第一网络元件和第二网络元件之间的链路相关联。该方法还包括基于故障生成要通知的网元的列表，第二网元包括在列表中。该方法还包括生成报警指示信号（AIS）消息，AIS消息识别受故障影响的多个隧道。 AIS消息被传送到第二网元。在更详细的实施例中，第一网络元件和第二网络元件之间的每个链路包括全球唯一链接标识符，其包括相关联的自主系统号码。全球唯一的链路标识符可以表示要与多个隧道相关联的字符串，全球唯一的链路标识符包括源地址和目的地址。

14. 发明授权

US08908527B2 Using context labels to scale MAC tables on computer network edge devices 有权
标题翻译：使用上下文标签缩放计算机网络边缘设备上的MAC表
公开(公告)号：US08908527B2
公开(公告)日：2014-12-09
申请号：US13018125
申请日：2011-01-31
申请人： Sami Boutros , Yuri Tsier , Muthurajah Sivabalan , Pradosh Mohapatra , Clarence Filsfils , John H. W. Bettink , Luca Martini
发明人： Sami Boutros , Yuri Tsier , Muthurajah Sivabalan , Pradosh Mohapatra , Clarence Filsfils , John H. W. Bettink , Luca Martini
IPC分类号： G01R31/08 , G06F11/00 , G08C15/00 , H04J1/16 , H04J3/14 , H04L1/00 , H04L12/26
CPC分类号： H04L45/502 , H04L12/18 , H04L45/04
摘要： In one embodiment, an access component of a local network edge device receives traffic, and generates a frame for the traffic that includes a remote context label that identifies an access component of the remote network edge device to which the traffic is to be forwarded upon arrival at the remote network edge device, and a virtual circuit label corresponding to a particular virtual service of the traffic. The local network edge device forwards the frame towards the remote network edge device. In another embodiment, the frame may be received at a core component of the remote network edge device, an in response to the remote context label identifying an access component of the remote network edge device, forwarded to the access component, which determines the particular virtual service, and forwards the traffic from the frame out the access component towards an endpoint for the traffic.
摘要翻译：在一个实施例中，本地网络边缘设备的接入组件接收业务，并且生成包括远程上下文标签的业务的帧，所述远程上下文标签识别到达所述业务将被转发到的远程网络边缘设备的接入组件在远程网络边缘设备处，以及对应于业务的特定虚拟服务的虚拟电路标签。本地网络边缘设备将帧转发到远程网络边缘设备。在另一个实施例中，可以在远程网络边缘设备的核心组件处接收帧，响应于远程上下文标签识别远程网络边缘设备的接入组件，转发到接入组件，其确定特定虚拟服务，并将来自帧的流量从访问组件转发到流量的端点。

15. 发明授权

US08908517B2 Traffic distribution across a plurality of attachment circuits of a multihome site with a computer network using hashing algorithm 有权
标题翻译：通过计算机网络使用散列算法在多个站点的多个连接电路之间的流量分配
公开(公告)号：US08908517B2
公开(公告)日：2014-12-09
申请号：US13045408
申请日：2011-03-10
申请人： Clarence Filsfils , Pradosh Mohapatra , Sami Boutros
发明人： Clarence Filsfils , Pradosh Mohapatra , Sami Boutros
IPC分类号： H04L1/00 , H04L12/721 , H04L12/743
CPC分类号： H04L45/38 , H04L45/7453
摘要： In one embodiment, an edge device of a core network may receive a plurality of packets from a peripheral network having a plurality of active connections to the core network, where each packet has a destination address and a source address. The edge device may compute a hash on the destination address or the source address of each packet, and determine whether the computed hash corresponds to the edge device. In response to the computed hash not corresponding to the edge device, the edge device may drop the packet, and in response to the computed hash corresponding to the edge device, the edge device may process the packet to forward the packet, where the dropping and processing load balances the plurality of packets over the active connections and prevents formation of loops in the core network.
摘要翻译：在一个实施例中，核心网络的边缘设备可以从具有到核心网络的多个活动连接的外围网络接收多个分组，其中每个分组具有目的地地址和源地址。边缘设备可以计算目的地址或每个分组的源地址上的散列，并确定所计算的散列是否对应于边缘设备。响应于不对应于边缘设备的计算哈希，边缘设备可以丢弃该分组，并且响应于与边缘设备相对应的计算出的哈希，边缘设备可以处理分组以转发分组，其中丢弃和处理负载通过主动连接来平衡多个分组，并且防止在核心网络中形成环路。

16. 发明申请

US20130070764A1 Establishing a Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) Asynchronous Mode Session without Knowing A Priori Layer-2 or Layer-3 Information 有权
标题翻译：建立双向转发检测（BFD）异步模式会话，不知道第2层或第3层信息
公开(公告)号：US20130070764A1
公开(公告)日：2013-03-21
申请号：US13234331
申请日：2011-09-16
申请人： Sami Boutros , George Leonard Swallow , Nobushige Akiya
发明人： Sami Boutros , George Leonard Swallow , Nobushige Akiya
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L45/66 , H04L49/3054 , H04L49/351
摘要： In one embodiment, a Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) asynchronous mode session is established between two packet switching devices interconnected by one or more physical links. Prior to L2 or L3 services being established, each of these packet switching devices does not know the Media Access Control (MAC) nor Internet Protocol (IP) addresses of each interface of the other packet switching device that is connected to one of these link(s). A request to establish a BFD session is sent from one packet switching device to the other, with a MAC frame including the request being addressed to a group, broadcast, or other address that the receiving packet switching device will recognize and thus process the received request. Based on information contained in this received MAC frame, the receiving packet switching device has the information it needs, and sends a BFD control frame to the other packet switching device.
摘要翻译：在一个实施例中，通过一个或多个物理链路互连的两个分组交换设备之间建立双向转发检测（BFD）异步模式会话。在建立L2或L3服务之前，这些分组交换设备中的每一个不知道连接到这些链路之一的另一分组交换设备的每个接口的媒体接入控制（MAC）或互联网协议（IP）地址 s）。将建立BFD会话的请求从一个分组交换设备发送到另一个分组交换设备，其中MAC帧包括寻址到接收分组交换设备将识别的组，广播或其他地址的请求，从而处理接收到的请求。根据接收的MAC帧中包含的信息，接收分组交换装置具有需要的信息，向另一个分组交换装置发送BFD控制帧。

17. 发明授权

US08004964B2 Restoring multi-segment pseudowires following failure of a switching PE device 有权
标题翻译：在切换PE设备故障后恢复多段伪线
公开(公告)号：US08004964B2
公开(公告)日：2011-08-23
申请号：US12383359
申请日：2009-03-23
申请人： Sami Boutros , Muthurajah Sivabalan , Luca Martini , George Swallow
发明人： Sami Boutros , Muthurajah Sivabalan , Luca Martini , George Swallow
IPC分类号： G01R31/08
CPC分类号： H04L45/00 , H04L43/0811 , H04L45/22 , H04L45/28 , H04L45/50
摘要： In one embodiment, a protected switching provider edge (S-PE) and a backup S-PE may be operated, where the protected S-PE has at least one multi-segment pseudowire (MS-PW) and is between a first and second provider edge (PE) on the MS-PW. To protect the protected S-PE, the first and second PE may be informed of the backup S-PE and a backup label to reach the second and first PE, respectively, via the backup S-PE to remain on the MS-PW. Upon detecting loss of connectivity with the protected S-PE, the first and/or second PE may forward packets of the MS-PW to the backup S-PE with the corresponding backup label to reach the second or first PE, respectively, on the MS-PW.
摘要翻译：在一个实施例中，可以操作受保护的交换机提供商边缘（S-PE）和备份S-PE，其中受保护的S-PE具有至少一个多段伪线（MS-PW），并且处于第一和第二提供商边缘（PE）在MS-PW上。为了保护受保护的S-PE，可以通过备份S-PE将第一和第二PE通知备份S-PE和备份标签分别到达第二个和第一个PE，以保留在MS-PW上。在检测到与受保护的S-PE的连通性损失时，第一和/或第二PE可以将MS-PW的分组转发到具有相应备份标签的备份S-PE，以分别到达第二或第一PE MS-PW。

18. 发明申请

US20100238795A1 Restoring multi-segment pseudowires following failure of a switching PE device 有权
标题翻译：在切换PE设备故障后恢复多段伪线
公开(公告)号：US20100238795A1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-23
申请号：US12383359
申请日：2009-03-23
申请人： Sami Boutros , Muthurajah Sivabalan , Luca Martini , George Swallow
发明人： Sami Boutros , Muthurajah Sivabalan , Luca Martini , George Swallow
IPC分类号： H04L12/24
CPC分类号： H04L45/00 , H04L43/0811 , H04L45/22 , H04L45/28 , H04L45/50
摘要： In one embodiment, a protected switching provider edge (S-PE) and a backup S-PE may be operated, where the protected S-PE has at least one multi-segment pseudowire (MS-PW) and is between a first and second provider edge (PE) on the MS-PW. To protect the protected S-PE, the first and second PE may be informed of the backup S-PE and a backup label to reach the second and first PE, respectively, via the backup S-PE to remain on the MS-PW. Upon detecting loss of connectivity with the protected S-PE, the first and/or second PE may forward packets of the MS-PW to the backup S-PE with the corresponding backup label to reach the second or first PE, respectively, on the MS-PW.
摘要翻译：在一个实施例中，可以操作受保护的交换机提供商边缘（S-PE）和备份S-PE，其中受保护的S-PE具有至少一个多段伪线（MS-PW），并且处于第一和第二提供商边缘（PE）在MS-PW上。为了保护受保护的S-PE，可以通过备份S-PE将第一和第二PE通知备份S-PE和备份标签分别到达第二个和第一个PE，以保留在MS-PW上。在检测到与受保护的S-PE的连通性损失时，第一和/或第二PE可以将MS-PW的分组转发到具有相应备份标签的备份S-PE，以分别到达第二或第一PE MS-PW。

19. 发明授权

US09013985B2 Protection of a bidirectional label switched path 有权
标题翻译：保护双向标签交换路径
公开(公告)号：US09013985B2
公开(公告)日：2015-04-21
申请号：US13655937
申请日：2012-10-19
申请人： Muthurajah Sivabalan , Sami Boutros , George Leonard Swallow , Show Chung Chin
发明人： Muthurajah Sivabalan , Sami Boutros , George Leonard Swallow , Show Chung Chin
IPC分类号： H04L12/24 , H04L12/707 , H04L12/703 , H04L12/723 , H04L12/911
CPC分类号： H04L45/22 , H04L45/28 , H04L45/50 , H04L47/825
摘要： In one embodiment, a primary bidirectional LSP is established between an originating LSP packet switching device and a destination LSP packet switching device through an intermediate packet switching device. A corresponding backup LSP is also established. The originating LSP packet switching device sends a particular label switched packet to the destination LSP packet switching device over the primary bidirectional LSP. An intermediate packet switching device sends the particular label switched packet back to the originating LSP packet switching device over the primary bidirectional LSP in response to an error condition identified as affecting the primary bidirectional LSP towards the destination LSP packet switching device. The originating LSP packet switching device receives the particular label switched packet and sends it to the destination packet switching device over the backup LSP.
摘要翻译：在一个实施例中，通过中间分组交换设备在始发LSP分组交换设备和目的地LSP分组交换设备之间建立主双向LSP。也建立了相应的备份LSP。始发LSP分组交换设备通过主双向LSP向目的LSP分组交换设备发送特定的标签交换分组。中间分组交换设备响应于被识别为对目的地LSP分组交换设备影响主双向LSP的错误状况，通过主双向LSP将特定标签交换分组发送回始发LSP分组交换设备。始发LSP分组交换设备接收特定的标签交换分组，并通过备份LSP将其发送到目的分组交换设备。

20. 发明申请

US20120257629A1 Termination of a Pseudowires on Multiple Line Cards 有权
标题翻译：终止多线卡上的伪线
公开(公告)号：US20120257629A1
公开(公告)日：2012-10-11
申请号：US13084531
申请日：2011-04-11
申请人： Vijayan Ramakrishnan , Sami Boutros , Leo Chun-Chuen Chan , Reshad Rahman , Sundar Siddaramaiah Bettadahalli , Sivakumar Subramaniyan Ganapathy
发明人： Vijayan Ramakrishnan , Sami Boutros , Leo Chun-Chuen Chan , Reshad Rahman , Sundar Siddaramaiah Bettadahalli , Sivakumar Subramaniyan Ganapathy
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L45/68
摘要： In one embodiment, line cards of packet switching or other network devices are configured for terminating pseudowires. Typically, this includes multiple line cards being configured for terminating a same pseudowire, which allows the corresponding pseudowire traffic to be received by any one of these multiple line cards. Each of these pseudowire-terminating line cards is typically configured to apply one or more features to a pseudowire packet. Examples of these features include, but are not limited to: Access Control List, Quality of Service, Netflow, and Lawful Intercept. For a received packet to be sent out one of these pseudowires, a two-stage lookup operation can be used to first identify the pseudowire over which to forward the packet; and a second lookup operation based on the pseudowire to identify forwarding information corresponding to a path through a network over which a corresponding pseudowire is configured.
摘要翻译：在一个实施例中，分组交换或其他网络设备的线路卡被配置用于终止伪线。通常，这包括配置用于终止相同伪线的多个线卡，这允许相应的伪线路业务由这些多个线卡中的任一个接收。这些伪线终端线卡中的每一个通常被配置为将一个或多个特征应用于伪线分组。这些功能的示例包括但不限于：访问控制列表，服务质量，Netflow和合法拦截。对于要发送出这些伪线中的一个的接收分组，可以使用两阶段查找操作来首先识别用于转发分组的伪线; 以及基于伪线的第二查找操作，以识别与通过其配置相应伪线的网络相对应的路径的转发信息。

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