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11. 发明授权

US5609608A Miniature plastic gripper and fabrication method 失效
标题翻译：微型塑料夹具及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US5609608A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-11
申请号：US549497
申请日：1995-10-27
申请人： William J. Benett , Peter A. Krulevitch , Abraham P. Lee , Milton A. Northrup , James A. Folta
发明人： William J. Benett , Peter A. Krulevitch , Abraham P. Lee , Milton A. Northrup , James A. Folta
IPC分类号： A61B17/00 , A61B17/12 , A61B17/28
CPC分类号： A61B17/29 , A61B2017/00292 , A61B2017/00345 , A61B2017/00526 , A61B2017/12081 , A61B2017/2926 , A61B2017/2932 , Y10T29/49826
摘要： A miniature plastic gripper actuated by inflation of a miniature balloon and method of fabricating same. The gripper is constructed of either heat-shrinkable or heat-expandable plastic tubing and is formed around a mandrel, then cut to form gripper prongs or jaws and the mandrel removed. The gripper is connected at one end with a catheter or tube having an actuating balloon at its tip, whereby the gripper is opened or closed by inflation or deflation of the balloon. The gripper is designed to removably retain a member to which is connected a quantity or medicine, plugs, or micro-components. The miniature plastic gripper is inexpensive to fabricate and can be used for various applications, such as gripping, sorting, or placing of micron-scale particles for analysis.
摘要翻译：由微型气球膨胀致动的微型塑料夹具及其制造方法。夹具由热收缩或热膨胀塑料管构成，并围绕心轴形成，然后切割以形成夹爪或钳口，并移除心轴。夹具在其一端与在其尖端处具有致动气囊的导管或管连接，由此通过气囊的充气或放气来打开或闭合夹具。夹具被设计成可移除地保持连接有数量或药物，插头或微组件的构件。微型塑料夹具制造成本低廉，可用于各种应用，例如夹紧，分选或放置微米级颗粒进行分析。

12. 发明授权

US5771902A Micromachined actuators/sensors for intratubular positioning/steering 失效
标题翻译：用于颅内定位/转向的微加工执行器/传感器
公开(公告)号：US5771902A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-30
申请号：US533426
申请日：1995-09-25
申请人： Abraham P. Lee , Peter A. Krulevitch , M. Allen Northrup , Jimmy C. Trevino
发明人： Abraham P. Lee , Peter A. Krulevitch , M. Allen Northrup , Jimmy C. Trevino
IPC分类号： A61B17/00 , A61B17/12 , A61B17/28 , A61B19/00
CPC分类号： A61B17/12022 , G01L1/18 , A61B17/29 , A61B2017/00292 , A61B2017/00318 , A61B2017/00345 , A61B2017/1205 , A61B2017/2926
摘要： Micromachined thin film cantilever actuators having means for individually controlling the deflection of the cantilevers, valve members, and rudders for steering same through blood vessels, or positioning same within a blood vessel, for example. Such cantilever actuators include tactile sensor arrays mounted on a catheter or guide wire tip for navigation and tissues identification, shape-memory alloy film based catheter/guide wire steering mechanisms, and rudder-based steering devices that allow the selective actuation of rudders that use the flowing blood itself to help direct the catheter direction through the blood vessel. While particularly adapted for medical applications, these cantilever actuators can be used for steering through piping and tubing systems.
摘要翻译：微加工薄膜悬臂致动器具有用于单独控制悬臂，阀构件和用于通过血管转向其的方向舵的偏转的装置，或者例如将其定位在血管内。这种悬臂致动器包括安装在用于导航和组织识别的导管或导丝尖端的触觉传感器阵列，基于形状记忆合金膜的导管/导丝线转向机构和基于方向舵的转向装置，其允许选择性地致动使用流血本身帮助导管导管通过血管。虽然这些悬臂式致动器特别适用于医疗应用，但可用于通过管道和管道系统进行转向。

13. 发明授权

US5819749A Microvalve 失效
标题翻译：微型阀门
公开(公告)号：US5819749A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-13
申请号：US898032
申请日：1997-07-22
申请人： Abraham P. Lee , Peter A. Krulevitch , M. Allen Northrup , Jimmy C. Trevino
发明人： Abraham P. Lee , Peter A. Krulevitch , M. Allen Northrup , Jimmy C. Trevino
IPC分类号： A61B17/00 , A61B17/12 , A61B17/28 , A61B19/00
CPC分类号： A61B17/12022 , G01L1/18 , A61B17/29 , A61B2017/00292 , A61B2017/00318 , A61B2017/00345 , A61B2017/1205 , A61B2017/2926
摘要： Micromachined thin film cantilever actuators having means for individually controlling the deflection of the cantilevers, valve members, and rudders for steering same through blood vessels, or positioning same within a blood vessel, for example. Such cantilever actuators include tactile sensor arrays mounted on a catheter or guide wire tip for navigation and tissues identification, shape-memory alloy film based catheter/guide wire steering mechanisms, and rudder-based steering devices that allow the selective actuation of rudders that use the flowing blood itself to help direct the catheter direction through the blood vessel. While particularly adapted for medical applications, these cantilever actuators can be used for steering through piping and tubing systems.
摘要翻译：微加工薄膜悬臂致动器具有用于单独控制悬臂，阀构件和用于通过血管转向其的方向舵的偏转的装置，或者例如将其定位在血管内。这种悬臂致动器包括安装在用于导航和组织识别的导管或导丝尖端的触觉传感器阵列，基于形状记忆合金膜的导管/导丝线转向机构和基于方向舵的转向装置，其允许选择性地致动使用流血本身帮助导管导管通过血管。虽然这些悬臂式致动器特别适用于医疗应用，但可用于通过管道和管道系统进行转向。

14. 发明授权

US5722989A Microminiaturized minimally invasive intravascular micro-mechanical systems powered and controlled via fiber-optic cable 失效
标题翻译：通过光纤电缆供电和控制的微小型微创血管内微机械系统
公开(公告)号：US5722989A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-03
申请号：US812142
申请日：1997-03-06
申请人： Joseph P. Fitch , Karla Hagans , Robert Clough , Dennis L. Matthews , Abraham P. Lee , Peter A. Krulevitch , William J. Benett , Luiz Da Silva , Peter M. Celliers
发明人： Joseph P. Fitch , Karla Hagans , Robert Clough , Dennis L. Matthews , Abraham P. Lee , Peter A. Krulevitch , William J. Benett , Luiz Da Silva , Peter M. Celliers
IPC分类号： B25J15/08 , A61B17/00 , A61B17/12 , A61B17/28 , A61B19/00 , B81B3/00
CPC分类号： A61B17/1214 , A61B17/12022 , A61B17/29 , A61B2017/00292 , A61B2017/00345 , A61B2017/00398 , A61B2017/1205 , A61B2017/12068 , A61B2017/12077 , A61B2017/12081 , A61B2017/2926
摘要： A micro-mechanical system for medical procedures is constructed in the basic form of a catheter having a distal end for insertion into and manipulation within a body and a near end providing for a user to control the manipulation of the distal end within the body. A fiberoptic cable is disposed within the catheter and having a distal end proximate to the distal end of the catheter and a near end for external coupling of laser light energy. A microgripper is attached to the distal end of the catheter and providing for the gripping or releasing of an object within the body. A laser-light-to-mechanical-power converter is connected to receive laser light from the distal end of the fiberoptic cable and connected to mechanically actuate the microgripper.
摘要翻译：用于医疗程序的微机械系统以导管的基本形式构造，其具有用于插入身体内部和在身体内操作的远端，并且近端提供用户以控制身体内的远端的操纵。光纤电缆设置在导管内并且具有靠近导管远端的远端和用于激光光能的外部耦合的近端。微型抓爪附接到导管的远端，并提供用于在体内夹持或释放物体。连接激光 - 光机械功率转换器以接收来自光纤电缆的远端的激光并连接到机械致动微型抓爪。

15. 发明授权

US5944717A Micromachined electrical cauterizer 失效
标题翻译：微加工电烧灼器
公开(公告)号：US5944717A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-31
申请号：US854342
申请日：1997-05-12
申请人： Abraham P. Lee , Peter A. Krulevitch , M. Allen Northrup
发明人： Abraham P. Lee , Peter A. Krulevitch , M. Allen Northrup
IPC分类号： A61B18/14 , A61B17/39
CPC分类号： A61B18/14 , A61B17/32 , A61B18/1492 , A61B2018/00351 , A61B2018/00386 , A61B2018/126 , A61B2218/007 , A61B2562/028 , A61B5/0538
摘要： A micromachined electrical cauterizer. Microstructures are combined with microelectrodes for highly localized electro cauterization. Using boron etch stops and surface micromachining, microneedles with very smooth surfaces are made. Micromachining also allows for precision placement of electrodes by photolithography with micron sized gaps to allow for concentrated electric fields. A microcauterizer is fabricated by bulk etching silicon to form knife edges, then parallelly placed microelectrodes with gaps as small as 5 .mu.m are patterned and aligned adjacent the knife edges to provide homeostasis while cutting tissue. While most of the microelectrode lines are electrically insulated from the atmosphere by depositing and patterning silicon dioxide on the electric feedthrough portions, a window is opened in the silicon dioxide to expose the parallel microelectrode portion. This helps reduce power loss and assist in focusing the power locally for more efficient and safer procedures.
摘要翻译：微加工电灼烧器。微结构与微电极组合用于高度局部电烧烧。使用硼蚀刻停止和表面微加工，制成具有非常光滑表面的微针。微加工还允许通过具有微米尺寸间隙的光刻来精确放置电极以允许集中的电场。通过大量蚀刻硅来形成微电烧机以形成刀刃，然后平行放置微电极，其间隔小至5μm的间隙被图案化并且邻近刀刃对准以在切割组织的同时提供稳态。虽然大多数微电极线通过在电馈通部分上沉积和图案化二氧化硅而与大气电绝缘，但是在二氧化硅中打开窗口以露出平行的微电极部分。这有助于减少功率损耗，并有助于将电力集中在本地以实现更高效和更安全的程序。

16. 发明授权

US5969848A Micromachined electrostatic vertical actuator 失效
标题翻译：微机械静电垂直执行器
公开(公告)号：US5969848A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-19
申请号：US888000
申请日：1997-07-03
申请人： Abraham P. Lee , Gary E. Sommargren , Charles F. McConaghy , Peter A. Krulevitch
发明人： Abraham P. Lee , Gary E. Sommargren , Charles F. McConaghy , Peter A. Krulevitch
IPC分类号： G01Q60/00 , G02B26/06 , G02B26/08
CPC分类号： G02B26/06
摘要： A micromachined vertical actuator utilizing a levitational force, such as in electrostatic comb drives, provides vertical actuation that is relatively linear in actuation for control, and can be readily combined with parallel plate capacitive position sensing for position control. The micromachined electrostatic vertical actuator provides accurate movement in the sub-micron to micron ranges which is desirable in the phase modulation instrument, such as optical phase shifting. For example, compact, inexpensive, and position controllable micromirrors utilizing an electrostatic vertical actuator can replace the large, expensive, and difficult-to-maintain piezoelectric actuators. A thirty pound piezoelectric actuator with corner cube reflectors, as utilized in a phase shifting diffraction interferometer can be replaced with a micromirror and a lens. For any very precise and small amplitudes of motion` micromachined electrostatic actuation may be used because it is the most compact in size, with low power consumption and has more straightforward sensing and control options.
摘要翻译：利用悬浮力的微机械垂直致动器，例如在静电梳状驱动器中，提供垂直致动，其在用于控制的致动中相对线性，并且可以容易地与用于位置控制的平行板电容位置感测组合。微机械静电垂直致动器在相位调制仪器中所需的亚微米到微米范围内的精确移动，例如光学相移。例如，使用静电垂直致动器的紧凑的，便宜的和位置可控的微镜可取代大型，昂贵且难以维持的压电致动器。如在相移衍射干涉仪中使用的具有角立方反射器的三十磅压电致动器可以用微镜和透镜代替。对于任何非常精确和小幅度的运动，可以使用微加工静电致动，因为它是尺寸最小，功耗最小，并且具有更直接的感测和控制选项。

17. 发明授权

US06575965B1 Medical devices utilizing optical fibers for simultaneous power, communications and control 有权
标题翻译：利用光纤同时进行电力，通信和控制的医疗设备
公开(公告)号：US06575965B1
公开(公告)日：2003-06-10
申请号：US09713988
申请日：2000-11-16
申请人： Joseph P. Fitch , Dennis L. Matthews , Karla G. Hagans , Abraham P. Lee , Peter Krulevitch , William J. Benett , Robert E. Clough , Luiz B. DaSilva , Peter M. Celliers
发明人： Joseph P. Fitch , Dennis L. Matthews , Karla G. Hagans , Abraham P. Lee , Peter Krulevitch , William J. Benett , Robert E. Clough , Luiz B. DaSilva , Peter M. Celliers
IPC分类号： A61B1822
CPC分类号： A61B17/12022 , A61B5/0084 , A61B17/1214 , A61B17/29 , A61B2017/00292 , A61B2017/00345 , A61B2017/12072 , A61B2017/12077 , A61B2017/2926
摘要： A medical device is constructed in the basic form of a catheter having a distal end for insertion into and manipulation within a body and a proximal end providing for a user to control the manipulation of the distal end within the body. A fiberoptic cable is disposed within the catheter and having a distal end proximate to the distal end of the catheter and a proximal end for external coupling of laser light energy. A laser-light-to-mechanical-power converter is connected to receive light from the distal end of the fiber optic cable and may include a photo-voltaic cell and an electromechanical motor or a heat-sensitive photo-thermal material. An electronic sensor is connected to receive electrical power from said distal end of the fiberoptic cable and is connected to provide signal information about a particular physical environment and communicated externally through the fiberoptic cable to the proximal end thereof. A mechanical sensor is attached to the distal end of the fiberoptic cable and connected to provide light signal information about a particular physical environment and communicated externally through the fiberoptic cable.
摘要翻译：医疗装置构造成具有导管的基本形式，其具有用于插入体内和在体内操作的远端，并且近端为使用者提供控制体内远端的操作。光纤电缆设置在导管内并且具有靠近导管远端的远端和用于激光光能的外部耦合的近端。连接激光 - 光机械功率转换器以接收来自光纤电缆的远端的光，并且可以包括光电池和机电马达或热敏光热材料。电子传感器被连接以从光纤电缆的所述远端接收电力，并且被连接以提供关于特定物理环境的信号信息，并且通过光纤电缆向外传播到其近端。机械传感器连接到光纤电缆的远端并被连接以提供关于特定物理环境的光信号信息，并通过光纤电缆在外部通信。

18. 发明授权

US5658515A Polymer micromold and fabrication process 失效
标题翻译：聚合物微胶粒和制造工艺
公开(公告)号：US5658515A
公开(公告)日：1997-08-19
申请号：US533425
申请日：1995-09-25
申请人： Abraham P. Lee , M. Allen Northrup , Paul E. Ahre , Peter C. Dupuy
发明人： Abraham P. Lee , M. Allen Northrup , Paul E. Ahre , Peter C. Dupuy
IPC分类号： B29C33/42 , B29C33/40
CPC分类号： B29C33/42 , Y10T29/49995
摘要： A mold assembly with micro-sized features in which the hollow portion thereof is fabricated from a sacrificial mandrel which is surface treated and then coated to form an outer shell. The sacrificial mandrel is then selectively etched away leaving the outer shell as the final product. The sacrificial mandrel is fabricated by a precision lathe, for example, so that when removed by etching the inner or hollow area has diameters as small as 10's of micros (.mu.m). Varying the inside diameter contours of the mold can be accomplished with specified ramping slopes formed on the outer surface of the sacrificial mandrel, with the inside or hollow section being, for example, 275 .mu.m in length up to 150 .mu.m in diameter within a 6 mm outside diameter (o.d.) mold assembly. The mold assembly itself can serve as a micronozzle or microneedle, and plastic parts, such as microballoons for angioplasty, polymer microparts, and microactuators, etc., may be formed within the mold assembly.
摘要翻译：具有微尺寸特征的模具组件，其中的中空部分由牺牲心轴制成，所述牺牲心轴经表面处理然后涂覆以形成外壳。然后选择性地蚀刻牺牲心轴，离开外壳作为最终产品。例如，通过精密车床制造牺牲心轴，使得当通过蚀刻去除时，内部或中空区域具有小至10微米（μm）的直径。改变模具的内径轮廓可以通过形成在牺牲心轴的外表面上的规定的斜坡来实现，其中内部或中空部分的长度例如为275μm，直径在150μm以内 6 mm外径（od）模具总成。模具组件本身可以用作微型喷嘴或微针，并且可以在模具组件内形成塑料部件，例如用于血管成形术的微球，聚合物微型部件和微型致动器等。

19. 发明授权

US09517465B2 Lateral cavity acoustic transducer based microfluidic switch 有权
标题翻译：基于侧腔声学换能器的微流体开关
公开(公告)号：US09517465B2
公开(公告)日：2016-12-13
申请号：US13613623
申请日：2012-09-13
申请人： Maulik V. Patel , Armando R. Tovar , Abraham P. Lee
发明人： Maulik V. Patel , Armando R. Tovar , Abraham P. Lee
IPC分类号： G01N15/14 , B01L3/00 , G01N15/00
CPC分类号： B01L3/502761 , B01L3/502738 , B01L2200/0636 , B01L2200/0652 , B01L2300/0816 , B01L2400/0622 , G01N15/1484 , G01N2015/0053 , G01N2015/149 , Y10T436/2575
摘要： A microfluidic switching device that includes an upstream microfluidic channel configured to contain a liquid having particles therein and a plurality of outlet channels coupled to the upstream microfluidic channel at a junction. A dead-end side channel or LCAT is oriented generally perpendicular to the upstream microfluidic channel and coupled to the upstream microfluidic channel at the junction, the dead-end side channel having a gas contained therein. The device includes a transducer configured to apply an external source of acoustic energy. Actuation of the transducer effectuates symmetrical oscillation of a gas/liquid boundary at the junction. Preferably, the junction comprises a bifurcation with two outlets. Further, the LCAT has a leading edge and a trailing edge and wherein the trailing edge of the LCAT is substantially aligned with the bifurcation.
摘要翻译：一种微流体开关装置，其包括被配置为容纳其中具有颗粒的液体的上游微流体通道和在连接处耦合到上游微流体通道的多个出口通道。死端侧通道或LCAT通常垂直于上游微流体通道定向并且在接合处与上游微流体通道耦合，死端侧通道具有包含在其中的气体。该装置包括配置成施加外部声能源的换能器。传感器的作用会导致接头处气/液边界的对称振荡。优选地，连接点包括具有两个出口的分叉。此外，LCAT具有前缘和后缘，并且其中LCAT的后缘基本上与分叉对齐。

20. 发明授权

US09810685B2 High-throughput platform comprising microtissues perfused with living microvessels 有权
公开(公告)号：US09810685B2
公开(公告)日：2017-11-07
申请号：US13253820
申请日：2011-10-05
申请人： Steven C. George , Christopher C. W. Hughes , Abraham P. Lee , Monica Moya , Yu-Hsiang Hsu
发明人： Steven C. George , Christopher C. W. Hughes , Abraham P. Lee , Monica Moya , Yu-Hsiang Hsu
IPC分类号： G01N33/50 , C12N5/00 , C12N5/071
CPC分类号： G01N33/5082 , C12N5/0062 , C12N5/0691 , C12N2533/30 , C12N2535/00 , G01N33/5008 , G01N33/5011
摘要： Provided is a process for creating a 3D metabolically active microtissue perfused with living microvessels which have a direct fluidic connection with neighboring microfluidic channels. The process comprises preparing a template comprising a plurality of channels, and creating a network within said channels, said network comprising microfluidic channels, metabolically active living microvessels, and microtissues. The microvessels can sprout from said microvessels and/or form within the microtissue in response to a stimulus applied from said microfluidic channels or stimulus derived from the said tissues. In another embodiment, a device is provided comprising a supportive structure, one or more microfluidic channels, one or more microtissue compartments, and one or more microvessels, whereby the microvessels connect said microfludic channels and microtissue and perfuse the microtissue to deliver fluid from the microfluidic channels to the microtissues.

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