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    • 14. 发明授权
    • Use of fatty acid esters as bioadhesive substances
    • 使用脂肪酸酯作为生物粘附物质
    • US5955502A
    • 1999-09-21
    • US829496
    • 1997-03-27
    • Jens HansenLise Sylvest NielsenTomas Norling
    • Jens HansenLise Sylvest NielsenTomas Norling
    • A61K9/00A61K9/127A61K9/50A61K47/14B82B1/00A61K38/00A61K39/395
    • A61K9/0014A61K47/14A61K9/1274A61K9/5015A61K9/5078
    • Use of fatty acid esters as bioadhesive substances. The fatty acid esters have molecular weights below about 1000 dalton and the fatty acid component of the fatty acid ester is a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having a total number of carbon atoms of from C.sub.8 to C.sub.22. Particularly suitable fatty acid esters for use according to the invention are fatty acid esters which are selected from the group consisting of fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols, fatty acid esters of hydroxycarboxylic acids, fatty acid esters of monosaccharides, fatty acid esters of glycerylphosphate derivatives, fatty acid esters of glycerylsulfate derivative, and mixtures thereof. Excellent bioadhesive properties have been observed for fatty acid esters are glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monolinoleate or glyceryl monolinolenate.Methods are described for administering an active or protective substance to undamaged or damaged skin or mucosa of an animal such as a human by combining the active or protective substance with a bioadhesive fatty acid ester. The mucosa may be the oral, aural, nasal, lung, gastrointestinal, vaginal, or rectal mucosa. The administration may also be to body cavities such as the oral cavity, e.g. via buccal administration.
    • 使用脂肪酸酯作为生物粘附物质。 脂肪酸酯的分子量低于约1000道尔顿,脂肪酸酯的脂肪酸组分是碳原子数为C8〜C22的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸。 根据本发明使用的特别合适的脂肪酸酯是选自多元醇的脂肪酸酯,羟基羧酸的脂肪酸酯,单糖的脂肪酸酯,磷酸甘油酯衍生物的脂肪酸酯, 甘油硫酸酯衍生物的脂肪酸酯及其混合物。 已经观察到对于脂肪酸酯具有优异的生物粘合性质,是单油酸甘油酯,单烯醇甘油酯或甘油单苯三酸盐。 描述了通过将活性或保护性物质与生物粘附性脂肪酸酯组合来将活性或保护性物质施用于动物如人的未损伤或损伤的皮肤或粘膜的方法。 粘膜可以是口服,听觉,鼻,肺,胃肠道,阴道或直肠粘膜。 给药也可以是体腔,例如口腔,例如。 通过口腔管理。
    • 15. 发明授权
    • Method for detecting hardware faults by determining a ratio of released connections
    • 通过确定释放连接的比例来检测硬件故障的方法
    • US08582444B2
    • 2013-11-12
    • US13058069
    • 2008-08-28
    • Oscar ZeeTomas Norling
    • Oscar ZeeTomas Norling
    • G01R31/08
    • H04W24/06H04L41/5035
    • The present invention provides a method of detecting a faulty network element in a network, the network comprising at least a plurality of first network elements having a first network element type, and at least a plurality of second network elements having a second network element type. The method comprises the steps of: a) selecting one of the plurality of first network elements and one of the plurality of second network elements; b) attempting to set up a connection between said selected first network element and said selected second network element; c) repeating steps a) and b) for further selected first and second network elements; d) for each of the plurality of first network elements and for each of the plurality of second network elements, counting a number of connections that are released as the result of a fault; and e) for a particular one of the first or second network elements, on the basis of said number of connections that are released in said particular network element as a result of a fault, determining whether said particular network element is faulty.
    • 本发明提供一种检测网络中故障网元的方法,所述网络包括至少多个具有第一网元类型的第一网元和至少具有第二网元类型的第二网元。 该方法包括以下步骤:a)选择多个第一网元中的一个和多个第二网元中的一个; b)尝试在所述选择的第一网络元件和所选择的第二网络元件之间建立连接; c)对进一步选择的第一和第二网络元件重复步骤a)和b); d)对于所述多个第一网络元件中的每一个以及对于所述多个第二网络元件中的每一个,计数由于故障而被释放的连接数; 以及e)对于所述第一或第二网络元件中的特定的一个,基于作为故障的结果在所述特定网络元件中释放的所述连接数量,确定所述特定网络元件是否有故障。