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    • 91. 发明授权
    • Network element for use in synchronous digital communications system and
central clock generator
    • 用于同步数字通信系统和中央时钟发生器的网络元件
    • US6163551A
    • 2000-12-19
    • US994529
    • 1997-12-19
    • Michael Wolf
    • Michael Wolf
    • H04J3/06H04L7/00H04Q11/04
    • H04J3/0647H04J3/0688H04J2203/0042H04J2203/006
    • The network elements NE1, . . . , NE6 of a synchronous digital communications system must be synchronized with each other without the possibility of clock loops occurring. A network node NODE contains network elements NE1, . . . , NE6 and a central clock generator SASE. The network elements transmit clock signals 2M to the clock generator, which contain a clock of a message signal STM-N and a quality indicator (SSM) contained in the message signal which reflects the accuracy of the clock. The clock generator selects one of the clock signals 2M as the reference clock REF and informs the control installation STE which of the clock signals it has selected and the degree of accuracy of this clock signal. On the basis of this message STAT the control installation gives instructions ANW to the network elements with respect to the quality indicator which the network elements are to transmit to their outputs.
    • 网元NE1,。 。 。 ,同步数字通信系统的NE6必须彼此同步,而不会发生时钟环路。 网络节点NODE包含网元NE1,。 。 。 ,NE6和中央时钟发生器SASE。 网络元件将时钟信号2M发送到时钟发生器,其包含消息信号STM-N的时钟和消息信号中包含的反映时钟精度的质量指示符(SSM)。 时钟发生器选择一个时钟信号2M作为参考时钟REF,并通知控制装置STE它选择了哪个时钟信号以及该时钟信号的精度。 在此消息STAT的基础上,控制设备向网络元件提供关于网络元件要向其输出传输的质量指示符的指令ANW。
    • 93. 发明授权
    • Synchronization monitoring in a network element
    • 网元中的同步监控
    • US5917870A
    • 1999-06-29
    • US560073
    • 1995-11-17
    • Michael Wolf
    • Michael Wolf
    • H04J3/06H04Q11/04H04L7/00
    • H04J3/0691H04J3/0688H04J2203/006H04J2203/0089
    • In digital transmission systems, such as synchronous transmission systems according to the SDH/SONET standard, there is a need to have information on the synchronization status of the system. A known approach is to monitor the pointer activity. This is disadvantageous in that because of a hysteresis in the pointer processor, information derived from the pointer activity only conditionally reflects the synchronization status. In a network element (1) according to the invention which forms part of a transmission system of the above type, at least one interface unit (2, 3, 4) contains, besides an optical-to-electrical transducer (5), a synchronization-monitoring device (6) which derives a synchronization status parameter, e.g., TIE, RMSTIE, by comparing an external clock frequency (T.sub.e) with an internal clock frequency (T.sub.i). For this, the synchronization-monitoring device (6) comprises a phase-comparing device (37), a memory device (25), and an evaluating device (26).
    • 在诸如根据SDH / SONET标准的同步传输系统的数字传输系统中,需要有关于系统的同步状态的信息。 一种已知的方法是监视指针活动。 这是不利的,因为由于指针处理器中的滞后,从指针活动导出的信息仅有条件地反映了同步状态。 在构成上述类型的传输系统的一部分的根据本发明的网络元件(1)中,至少一个接口单元(2,3,4)除了光电换能器(5)之外还包含一个 通过将外部时钟频率(Te)与内部时钟频率(Ti)进行比较来得出同步状态参数(例如TIE,RMSTIE)的同步监视装置(6)。 为此,同步监视装置(6)包括相位比较装置(37),存储装置(25)和评估装置(26)。
    • 94. 发明授权
    • Facility and method for transmitting digitized signals
    • 用于传输数字化信号的设备和方法
    • US5835031A
    • 1998-11-10
    • US683100
    • 1996-07-16
    • Michael Wolf
    • Michael Wolf
    • H04J3/07H04L25/05H03M7/100
    • H04L25/05H04J3/076
    • When digitized signals are transmitted from a digital transmission system (NET1), e.g. a PDH system, to another digital transmission system (NET2), e.g. a SDH system, which operate at different clock rates (f.sub.1, f.sub.2), the clock rate must be adapted during the transition. To that end, the digitized signals are converted into discrete-time and value-discrete signals in a decoding unit (D1) at the clock rate (f.sub.1) of the one digital transmission system (NET1). A conversion unit (UE1) converts the discrete-time and value-discrete signals into further discrete-time and value-discrete signals, whose pulse repetition rate is adapted to a clock rate derived from the clock rate (f.sub.2) of the other digital transmission system (NET2). This is achieved e.g. with a low-pass filter (FIL1) and a sample-and-hold device (AH1). An encoding unit (K1) converts the further discrete-time and value-discrete signals into digital signals, whose bit rate is adapted to the clock rate (f.sub.2) of the other digital transmission system (NET2), which allows the digital signals to be transmitted in the other digital transmission system (NET2).
    • 当从数字传输系统(NET1)发送数字化信号时,例如, PDH系统,到另一个数字传输系统(NET2),例如 一个SDH系统以不同的时钟速率(f1,f2)工作,在转换过程中必须调整时钟速率。 为此,数字信号以一个数字传输系统(NET1)的时钟速率(f1)在解码单元(D1)中被转换为离散时间和值离散信号。 转换单元(UE1)将离散时间和值离散信号转换成更多的离散时间和值离散信号,其脉冲重复率适应于从其他数字传输的时钟速率(f2)导出的时钟速率 系统(NET2)。 这是实现的。 具有低通滤波器(FIL1)和采样保持装置(AH1)。 编码单元(K1)将进一步的离散时间和值离散信号转换成数字信号,其比特率适应于另一个数字传输系统(NET2)的时钟速率(f2),这允许数字信号为 在另一个数字传输系统(NET2)中传输。