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    • 95. 发明授权
    • Method for detecting ions and small molecules in aqueous and non-aqueous
liquids
    • 检测水和非水液体中离子和小分子的方法
    • US5730857A
    • 1998-03-24
    • US255734
    • 1994-06-07
    • Mark D. BakerChandana Senaratne
    • Mark D. BakerChandana Senaratne
    • G01N27/49G01N33/18G01N27/26
    • G01N33/1826G01N27/49
    • Provided is a method and apparatus for detecting electroinactive ions, and electroinactive ions solvated by small molecules including water. The method and apparatus utilizes a microporous ion exchange material such as a zeolite containing initially an electroactive species contained within the pores. The method operates on the principle that when charged species present in solution can access the pores of the microporous material, an ion-exchange reaction will occur whereupon the electroactive species will exit the microporous material, being replaced by the charged species. The electroactive species, upon exiting the microporous material, undergoes electrochemical reduction or oxidation at an electrode having a sufficiently high potential applied thereto. The method and detector disclosed herein is size selective since for example zeolites with a pore size comparable to that of the solvated ion to be detected but smaller than other electrolyte components can be utilized. In addition to being used as an ion detector per se, the detector may be used for detecting trace amounts (sub parts per million) of water in non-aqueous media by using the fact that hydrated cation species can readily access the zeolite interior via the pore network thus expelling an electroactive ion into solution. In contrast, the same cation when solvated by organic molecules will be size excluded from the zeolite. The detector can be utilized for the detection of other small molecules using the same principle provided that they form a solvated complexes with electrolyte cations which are not size excluded from the zeolite.
    • 提供了一种检测电活性离子的方法和装置,以及由包括水在内的小分子溶剂化的电活性离子。 该方法和装置利用微孔离子交换材料,例如最初含有孔内的电活性物质的沸石。 该方法的工作原理是当溶液中存在的带电物质可以进入微孔材料的孔时,将发生离子交换反应,随后电活性物质将离开微孔材料,被带电物质代替。 电活性物质在离开微孔材料后,在施加足够高电位的电极上进行电化学还原或氧化。 本文公开的方法和检测器是尺寸选择性的,因为例如可以利用具有与被检测的溶剂化离子的孔径相当但小于其它电解质成分的孔的沸石。 除了用作离子检测器本身之外,检测器可以用于通过使用水合阳离子物质可以容易地通过沸石内部的方式进入沸石内部的事实来检测非水介质中的痕量(百万分之一百分数)的水 从而将电活性离子排出到溶液中。 相反,当由有机分子溶剂化时,相同的阳离子将从沸石中排除。 检测器可以用于使用相同原理检测其他小分子,条件是它们与电解质阳离子形成溶剂化络合物,其电解质阳离子不排除沸石。
    • 99. 发明授权
    • Hybridization using cytoplasmic male sterility, cytoplasmic herbicide
tolerance, and herbicide tolerance from nuclear genes
    • 使用细胞质雄性不育,细胞质除草剂耐受和来自核基因的除草剂耐受的杂交
    • US4658085A
    • 1987-04-14
    • US797916
    • 1985-11-14
    • Wallace D. BeversdorfLawrence R. EricksonIan Grant
    • Wallace D. BeversdorfLawrence R. EricksonIan Grant
    • A01H1/02A01H5/00
    • A01H1/02Y10S47/01
    • The process of the present invention provides a convenient route for producing a predetermined hybrid variety of a crop which is capable of undergoing both self-pollination and cross-pollination. Cytoplasmic male sterile plants which also exhibit cytoplasmic herbicide tolerance (i.e., to a Type A herbicide) and tolerance to a different herbicide attributable solely to nuclear genes (i.e., to a Type B herbicide) are the key plants for use in the present process. The maintainer and restorer plants exhibit tolerance to different herbicides (i.e., to either a Type A herbicide or a Type B herbicide). The economical bulk planting of the parent plants is made possible during each step of the process. For instance, cytoplasmic male sterile plants, plants resulting from the self-pollination of a maintainer, and restorer plants can be grown in a substantially random population, with the self-pollinated maintainer plants being destroyed by an appropriate herbicide prior to pollination, and the self-pollinated restorer plants being destroyed by an appropriate herbicide immediately following pollination or in the subsequent generation. The process of the present invention is applicable to grain crops, forage crops, seed-propagated fruits, seed-propagated ornamentals, and industrial species. In a particularly preferred embodiment a predetermined variety of Brassica napus (i.e., rape or improved forms thereof known as canola) is formed which is the product of cross-pollination.
    • 本发明的方法提供了一种用于生产能够进行自花授粉和异花授粉的作物的预定混合品种的便利途径。 也表现出细胞质除草剂耐受性(即A型除草剂)的细胞质雄性不育植物和仅针对核基因(即B型除草剂)的不同除草剂的耐受性是本方法中使用的关键植物。 维护者和恢复植物对不同的除草剂(即A型除草剂或B型除草剂)表现出耐受性。 母体植物的经济批量种植在该过程的每个步骤期间成为可能。 例如,细胞质雄性不育植物,由维持者的自花授粉产生的植物和恢复植物可以在基本随机的群体中生长,自花授粉的维持植物在授粉前被合适的除草剂破坏,并且 自花授粉的恢复植物在授粉后或随后的一代中被适当的除草剂破坏。 本发明的方法适用于粮食作物,饲料作物,种子繁殖的水果,种子繁殖的观赏植物和工业物种。 在特别优选的实施方案中,形成了作为异花授粉产物的预定种类的甘蓝型油菜(即油菜或其改良形式,称为卡诺拉油菜)。