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    • 68. 发明专利
    • JPH05241023A
    • 1993-09-21
    • JP19213692
    • 1992-07-20
    • KRUPP GMBH
    • RIHIYARUTO HAUKUHORUSUTO SHIYUREEDAABUIRUBERUTO BUINDERUN
    • G02B5/32G02B27/32G03H1/00
    • PURPOSE: To prevent the deterioration of the optical function and/or measuring function of a holographic optical element by causing marks having reproducibility to a primary area to generate a defined amplitude distribution and/or phase distribution on a prescribed plane. CONSTITUTION: The vertical strips of marks 1-4 suggest modulated carrier frequencies and L-shaped corners and crosses are additionally described on the marks by amplitude modulation. The shape of the mark 1 makes orientation or arrangement possible at the time of image formation based on adjustment. The marks 1-4 are arranged spatially separately from a primary area so as to prevent the deterioration of the optical function of the primary area. The marks 1-4 jointly have reproducibility to the primary area. From the size, position and/or clearness of the amplitude distribution and/or phase distribution generated by the marks 1-4, the relative position between a holographic diffraction grating and a prescribed surface can be recognized directly or by comparing a reference mask with an appropriate mask.
    • 70. 发明专利
    • METHOD FOR MEASURING CONCENTRATION RATIOS BETWEEN TWO KINDS OF ELEMENTS OF MATERIAL
    • JPH02293649A
    • 1990-12-04
    • JP9521490
    • 1990-04-12
    • KRUPP GMBH
    • KURISUTOFU KAARUHOFUKURAUSUUYURUGEN RORENTSUENKURAUSUUPEETAA NITSUKU
    • G01J3/443G01N21/62G01N21/71
    • PURPOSE: To measure the concentration ratio easily without requiring any reference sample by measuring the spectral intensity ratio between elements (a) and (b) and the spectral intensity ratio of an element (c) at different exciting energy levels and then operating the concentration ratio according to a specific expression. CONSTITUTION: Spectral intensity ratio Iab between elements (a) and (b) is measured using exciting energies Ea , Eb in a plasma of a substance to be analyzed. Subsequently, the spectral intensity ratio Ic1 .c2 , between the spectral lines 1, 2 of an element (c) is measured using different exciting energies-E1 , E2 . Concentration ratio Cab of the elements (a) and (b) is then operated according to expression I. In this regard, the constant K can be determined according to formula II using a known concentration C'ab of comparable elements (a) and (b), an intensity ratio I'ab measured using the exciting energies Ea , Eb , and an intensity ratio I'c1 ,2 between the spectral lines 1, 2 measured using different exciting energies-E1 , E2 . According to the methods, the concentration ratio can be measured easily regardless of the reference sample. The Iab , Ic1 ,2 and Cab are included in a sufficiently approximate range for the I'c1 ,2 , I'ab and C'ab and expression III is applicable approximately for constant concentration C'ab .