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91. 发明专利

JP2011218401A Method for repairing mold for continuous casting, and repaired mold for continuous casting 有权
标题翻译：连续铸造修复模具的方法和连续铸造的修补模具
公开(公告)号：JP2011218401A
公开(公告)日：2011-11-04
申请号：JP2010089743
申请日：2010-04-08
申请人： Mishima Kosan Co Ltd , Nippon Steel Corp , 三島光産株式会社 , 新日本製鐵株式会社
发明人： SUENAGA KENYA , HIRANO SHINICHI , OKAZAKI TAKESHI , OGAWA YUICHI , FUKUNAGA SHINICHI , OKAWA TAKESHI , UEDA KAZUNORI
IPC分类号： B22D11/057 , B22D11/04 , B22D11/055 , B22D11/059 , C23C4/08
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for repairing a mold for continuous casting enabling a manufacture of a cast slab of a good quality by suppressing an increase of a cooling efficiency of the mold accompanied by the repair, and to provide the repaired mold for continuous casting.SOLUTION: In the mold for continuous casting 10, on the inner surface side of a cooling member 12 forming a space 11 inside thereof which penetrates up-down and receives and cools molten steel, a bulge 21 is provided whose upper position is the position of the molten steel surface, whose lower position is the position 300 mm or more lower from the upper position, and which bulges to the space 11. The inner line of the longitudinal section of the bulge 21 from the upper position to the lower position is composed of 3 to 8 continuous straight lines. The angle between the neighboring straight lines is 174 to 179.97 degrees. The maximum height h of the bulge 21 having the base connecting the upper position and the lower position is 0.2 to 5 mm. In the method for repairing the mold 10 for continuous casting, the shape of the bulge 21 is restored by machining the inside of the cooling member 12, and a metallic thermal resistance layer 29 having smaller thermal conductivity than the cooling member 12 is formed on the outer surface of the machined cooling member 12 or on both the inner and outer surfaces of the same.
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供一种用于连续铸造的模具的修复方法，其能够通过抑制伴随着修复的模具的冷却效率的提高而制造质量好的铸坯，并且提供修理模具用于连铸。解决方案：在连续铸造用模具10中，在冷却部件12的内表面侧，在其内部形成有上下方向贯通并容纳钢水的空间11，设置凸起21，其上部位置为其下部位置是从上部位置下降300mm以上的钢水表面的位置，并且向该空间11突出。凸起21的纵向截面从上部位置到下部的内部线位置由3到8条连续的直线组成。相邻直线之间的角度为174〜179.97度。具有连接上部位置和下部位置的基部的凸起21的最大高度h为0.2至5mm。在用于连续铸造的模具10的修复方法中，通过机加工冷却构件12的内部来恢复凸起21的形状，并且形成具有比冷却构件12更小的热导率的金属热电阻层29 被加工的冷却构件12的外表面或者在其内表面和外表面上。版权所有（C）2012，JPO＆INPIT

92. 发明专利

JP2011143450A Method for predicting breakout of continuous casting 有权
标题翻译：预测连续铸造断裂的方法
公开(公告)号：JP2011143450A
公开(公告)日：2011-07-28
申请号：JP2010006089
申请日：2010-01-14
申请人： Nippon Steel Corp , 新日本製鐵株式会社
发明人： UEDA KAZUNORI , OKAWA TAKESHI , FUKUNAGA SHINICHI
IPC分类号： B22D11/16
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for predicting breakout of continuous casting which, in predicting the occurrence of breakout, can simultaneously suppress erroneous detection and suppress undetection to improve an detection accuracy of breakout and further can prevent damage to continuous casting equipment and lowering in productivity of a cast slab. SOLUTION: The method includes measuring the temperature of a continuous casting die 10 at a predetermined temperature measuring cycle tm by a temperature detecting end 11 buried in the continuous casting die 10 and predicting breakout using a time-series temperature transition of the continuous casting die 10 obtained from the results of temperature measurement. The time-series temperature transition is composed of temperature transitions of a plurality of time-series sampling groups extracted at each sampling cycle ts in a rage of 0.2 to 5 sec from the results of temperature measurement of the temperature detecting end 11, and the time-series sampling groups are shifted within the sampling cycle ts for each integral multiple of the temperature measuring cycle tm. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供一种用于预测连续铸造断裂的方法，其可以在预测断裂的发生时同时抑制错误检测并且抑制不检测以提高突破的检测精度，并且还可以防止连续铸造的损坏设备和降低铸坯的生产率。解决方案：该方法包括通过埋在连续铸模10中的温度检测端11在预定的温度测量周期tm下测量连续铸模10的温度，并使用连续铸造模具10的时间序列温度转变来预测断裂从温度测量结果获得的铸模10。时间序列温度转变由在每个采样周期ts提取的多个时间序列采样组的温度变化组成，温度检测结束11的温度测量结果为0.2至5秒，对于温度测量周期tm的每个整数倍，系列采样组在采样周期ts内移位。版权所有（C）2011，JPO＆INPIT

93. 发明专利

JP2010284685A Continuous casting method of steel 有权
标题翻译：钢的连续铸造方法
公开(公告)号：JP2010284685A
公开(公告)日：2010-12-24
申请号：JP2009140412
申请日：2009-06-11
申请人： Nippon Steel Corp , 新日本製鐵株式会社
发明人： SEZE AKIFUMI , TANI MASAHIRO , FUKUNAGA SHINICHI , OKAWA TAKESHI
IPC分类号： B22D11/10 , B22D11/00
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a continuous casting method of steel capable of suppressing and further preventing any trouble such as oozing of molten steel and cracking of a surface of a cast slab caused by the mixing of the molten steel component at a joint between a molten steel to be precedingly cast and a molten steel to be successively cast when the sequence casting of dissimilar steels is performed by using a vertical bending type continuous casting machine, and performing the industrially consistent casting. SOLUTION: In the continuous casting method of two kinds of molten steels A, B which can be continuously cast in a single body, and have different ranges of the chemical components by using a vertical bending type continuous casting machine 10, the sequence casting of dissimilar steels is performed by using the molten steel A and the molten steel B where the carbon concentration CM mass% and the phosphor concentration PM mass% of the mixed molten steel of an optional mixing ratio at a joint mixed part between the precedingly cast molten steel A and the molten steel B to be successively cast to the molten steel A satisfy inequality (CM)×(PM)≤0.016. In Fig.1, the mark (○) denotes the result in which any considerable oozing of the molten steel is not present and the casting is excellent, and the mark (black circle) denotes the result in which considerable oozing of the molten steel is generated. Further, an arrow denotes the transition (assumption) of the carbon concentration and the phosphor concentration from the molten steel A in a front ladle (the starting point of the arrow) to the molten steel B in a rear ladle (the terminating point of the arrow). COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供一种钢的连续铸造方法，其能够抑制和进一步防止任何诸如钢水渗出和铸造板的表面由于钢水组分在通过使用垂直弯曲型连续铸造机进行异种钢的顺序铸造，并且进行工业上一致的铸造时，要进行铸造的钢水与要连续铸造的钢水的接合。解决方案：在可以连续铸造在单体中并且使用垂直弯曲型连续铸造机10具有不同范围的化学成分的两种熔融钢A，B的连续铸造方法中，通过使用钢水A和钢水B进行异种钢的铸造，其中在先前铸造的接合混合部分处，任选混合比的混合钢水的碳浓度CM质量％和磷浓度PM质量％钢水A和连续浇铸到钢水中的钢水B满足不等式（CM）×（PM）≤0.016。在图1中，标记（○）表示不存在钢水的任何相当大的渗出，铸造性优异的结果，标记（黑色圆圈）表示钢水相当渗出的结果为产生。此外，箭头表示碳钢浓度的转变（假设）和来自钢包中的钢水A（箭头的起点）到后钢包中的钢水B的浓度（终点箭头）。版权所有（C）2011，JPO＆INPIT

94. 发明专利

JP2010188399A Mold for continuous casting 有权
标题翻译：模具连续铸造
公开(公告)号：JP2010188399A
公开(公告)日：2010-09-02
申请号：JP2009036889
申请日：2009-02-19
申请人： Mishima Kosan Co Ltd , Nippon Steel Corp , 三島光産株式会社 , 新日本製鐵株式会社
发明人： IWASAKI JUNYA , FUKUNAGA SHINICHI , OKAWA TAKESHI , OKAZAKI TAKESHI , TSUTSUE OSAMU , NARIMATSU YOSHITERU , HIRANO SHINICHI , OGAWA YUICHI
IPC分类号： B22D11/04 , B22D11/055
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mold for continuous casting where thermal deformation of a molten steel caused by thermal effect is suppressed, thus the delay of the solidification in a slab at a mold corner part is suppressed, and a slab of high quality can be produced. SOLUTION: The mold for continuous casting includes a pair of short sides 10 disposed so as to face each other at intervals, a pair of long sides disposed so as to face each other while holding them from both sides in the width direction, and a supporting member respectively fixed by a plurality of fastening means 11 to the back face sides thereof, wherein a molten steel is fed to a space part surrounded by the short sides and the long sides and passed through the upper and lower directions, and while performing cooling, a slab is produced, to either or both of the pair of short sides 10 and the pair of long sides, a cooling plate is used, wherein the fastening pitch R1 in the width direction of the fastening means 11 provided within a prescribed region R with ≥50 mm to the upper part of the molten metal surface position of the molten steel fed to the space part as the upper position and ≥100 mm to the lower part of the molten metal surface position as the lower position is controlled to the range of 15 to 50% of the dimensions W in the width direction of the short sides 10. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：为了提供一种用于连续铸造的模具，其中由热效应引起的钢水的热变形被抑制，从而抑制了在模具角部的板坯中的凝固的延迟，并且，可以生产高品质。解决方案：用于连续铸造的模具包括一对彼此间隔设置的一对短边10，一对长边相对于宽度方向从两侧保持彼此相对设置，以及支撑构件，其分别由多个紧固装置11固定到其背面侧，其中钢水被供给到由短边和长边包围的空间部分，并且通过上下方向，并且同时进行冷却，制造板坯到一对短边10和一对长边中的一个或两个，使用冷却板，其中紧固装置11的宽度方向上的紧固节距R1设置在规定的作为上部位置，供给到作为上部位置的钢水的熔融金属表面位置的上部具有≥50mm的区域R，作为下部位置的熔融金属表面位置的下部为≥100mm 在短边10的宽度方向上的尺寸W的15至50％的范围。版权所有（C）2010，JPO＆INPIT

95. 发明专利

JP2010115713A Immersion nozzle for continuous casting 有权
标题翻译：连铸喷嘴
公开(公告)号：JP2010115713A
公开(公告)日：2010-05-27
申请号：JP2010044028
申请日：2010-03-01
申请人： Akechi Ceramics Co Ltd , Nippon Steel Corp , 新日本製鐵株式会社 , 明智セラミックス株式会社
发明人： FUKUNAGA SHINICHI , MATSUI TAIJIRO , KATO YOSHINARI , KIKUCHI JUN , YAMAGUCHI KAZUHIRO
IPC分类号： B22D11/10
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an immersion nozzle for continuous casting for an aluminum-containing steel or the like which feeds a molten steel from a tundish to a mold, wherein the effective suppression in the narrowing and clogging of the inner holes of the immersion nozzle, and further, prevention of the cracks of the nozzle caused by thermal shock are achieved.
SOLUTION: In the immersion nozzle for continuous casting used after preheating to ≥800°C, sheet members A, B composed of a carbonaceous material having a carbon content of ≥25 mass% are inserted into the wall face of a nozzle body 2 concentrically with nozzle inner holes 3, the sheet members A, B are covered with electrical insulators S, and are electrically insulated from the material composing the nozzle body 2 so as to prevent the cracks of the nozzle caused by the thermal shock.
COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供一种用于连续铸造用于含铝钢等的浸入式喷嘴，其将钢水从中间包送入模具，其中有效抑制内孔的变窄和堵塞，并且进一步防止由热冲击引起的喷嘴裂纹。解决方案：在预热至≥800℃之后使用的连续浇铸用浸渍喷嘴中，将碳含量≥25质量％的碳质材料构成的片材A，B插入喷嘴体的壁面 2与喷嘴内孔3同心地，片状构件A，B被电绝缘体S覆盖，并且与构成喷嘴体2的材料电绝缘，以防止由热冲击引起的喷嘴的裂纹。版权所有（C）2010，JPO＆INPIT

96. 发明专利

JP2010058161A Machine and method for continuously casting molten metal 有权
标题翻译：连续铸造金属的机器和方法
公开(公告)号：JP2010058161A
公开(公告)日：2010-03-18
申请号：JP2008228380
申请日：2008-09-05
申请人： Nippon Steel Corp , 新日本製鐵株式会社
发明人： TANI MASAHIRO , FUKUNAGA SHINICHI , SEZE AKIFUMI
IPC分类号： B22D11/10 , B22D41/24
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machine and a method for continuously casting molten metal, which prevent adhesion of nonmetallic inclusions to the inside of a continuous casting nozzle. SOLUTION: The continuous casting machine includes a sliding nozzle and a movable plate driving device 6 for driving movable plates 3. Among the portions in openings 4 of fixed plates 2, portions which are not covered with the movable plates 3, become a runner 5 through which molten metal passes. The movable plate driving device 6 oscillates the movable plates 3 in the range of ≥0.5 mm and ≤15 mm of amplitude while restraining the variations of an area S 1 of the runner 5 in the range of ±5%, and the oscillation frequency is in the range of ≥1/sec and ≤100/sec. The movable plates 3 preferably comprise two movable plates. By continuously casting molten metal while oscillating movable plates, adhesion of nonmetallic inclusions to the inner wall of a cylindrical inner hole of an immersion nozzle is greatly reduced. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供一种用于连续铸造熔融金属的机器和方法，其防止非金属夹杂物粘附到连续铸造喷嘴的内部。解决方案：连续铸造机包括滑动喷嘴和用于驱动可动板3的可动板驱动装置6.在固定板2的开口4的部分中，未被可移动板3覆盖的部分成为熔融金属通过的流道5。可移动板驱动装置6使可动板3在≥0.5mm和≤15mm振幅的范围内摆动，同时将流道5的面积S 1 的变化限制在±5的范围内％，振荡频率在≥1/ sec和≤100/ sec的范围内。可移动板3优选地包括两个可动板。通过在振动可移动板的同时连续铸造熔融金属，非金属夹杂物对浸入式喷嘴的圆筒形内孔的内壁的粘附性大大降低。版权所有（C）2010，JPO＆INPIT

97. 发明专利

JP2010058141A Machine and method for continuously casting molten metal 有权
标题翻译：连续铸造金属的机器和方法
公开(公告)号：JP2010058141A
公开(公告)日：2010-03-18
申请号：JP2008224683
申请日：2008-09-02
申请人： Nippon Steel Corp , 新日本製鐵株式会社
发明人： TANI MASAHIRO , FUKUNAGA SHINICHI , SEZE AKIFUMI
IPC分类号： B22D11/10 , B22D41/24
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machine and a method for continuously casting molten metal, which prevent adhesion of nonmetallic inclusions to the inside of a continuous casting nozzle. SOLUTION: A sliding nozzle 1 having two movable plates (3a, 3b) oscillating along fixed plates 2 is used. Among the portions in openings 4 of the fixed plates 2, portions which are not covered with the two movable plates 3, become a runner 5 through which molten metal passes. The position of the runner in the openings of the fixed plates is oscillated by oscillating the two movable plates 3. Thereby, the flow of the molten metal in a cylindrical inner hole 16 is periodically moved from one end to the other end of the cylindrical inner hole 16, so that the portion of the flow where the flow rate of the molten metal is constantly kept low becomes inexistent. Thus, adhesion of nonmetallic inclusions to the cylindrical inner hole 16 of an immersion nozzle is reduced. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供一种用于连续铸造熔融金属的机器和方法，其防止非金属夹杂物粘附到连续铸造喷嘴的内部。解决方案：使用具有沿着固定板2摆动的两个可动板（3a，3b）的滑动喷嘴1。在固定板2的开口4的部分中，未被两个可移动板3覆盖的部分成为熔融金属通过的流道5。通过使两个可移动板3摆动来使转子在固定板的开口中的位置摆动。由此，圆柱形内孔16中的熔融金属的流动周期性地从圆柱形内孔16的一端移动到另一端孔16，使得熔融金属的流量恒定保持为低的流动部分不再存在。因此，非金属夹杂物与浸没式喷嘴的圆筒状内孔16的粘合性降低。版权所有（C）2010，JPO＆INPIT

98. 发明专利

JP2009266428A Plasma heating device 有权
标题翻译：等离子加热装置
公开(公告)号：JP2009266428A
公开(公告)日：2009-11-12
申请号：JP2008111683
申请日：2008-04-22
申请人： Nippon Steel Corp , Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd , 新日本製鐵株式会社 , 新日鉄エンジニアリング株式会社
发明人： WAKITA NAGAYOSHI , MIYASHITA MASAYUKI , FUKUNAGA SHINICHI
IPC分类号： H05B7/06 , H05B7/18
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plasma heating device in which the lifetime of an insulating film to cover the external exposed face of a plasma torch is improved greatly without using a special material.
SOLUTION: Nozzle cylinders 12, 13 have nozzle outer cylinders 14, 15, nozzle inner cylinders 18, 19, and nozzle tips 20, 21 which close tips of spaces 32, 33 formed between the nozzle outer cylinders 14, 15 and the nozzle inner cylinders 18, 19, and insulating films 30, 31 for preventing a side arc in which a current flows directly between an anode plasma torch 10 and a cathode plasma torch 11 are formed on external exposed faces of the nozzle cylinders 12, 13. The insulating film 30 has an interlayer 30b formed of a mixture of a lowermost layer 30a and an uppermost layer 30c between the lowermost layer 30a composed of a bonding coat material such as Ni-Al and Ni-Cr and the uppermost layer 30a composed of alumina or spinel or mullite. The mixture has a ratio of the bonding coat material in a range of 1/3-2/3 in mass.
COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
摘要翻译：解决的问题：提供一种等离子体加热装置，其中绝缘膜的寿命覆盖等离子体焰炬的外部暴露面大大地改善而不使用特殊材料。
解决方案：喷嘴缸12,13具有喷嘴外筒14,15，喷嘴内筒18,19和喷嘴尖端20,21，其封闭形成在喷嘴外筒14,15之间的空间32,33的尖端，喷嘴内筒18,19和绝缘膜30,31，用于防止电弧直接在阳极等离子体焰炬10和阴极等离子体焰炬11之间流动的侧弧形成在喷嘴缸12,13的外部暴露面上。绝缘膜30具有由最下层30a和最上层30c的混合物形成的层间30b，所述中间层30b由Ni-Al和Ni-Cr等接合涂层材料构成的最下层30a和由氧化铝构成的最上层30a 或尖晶石或莫来石。该混合物的接合涂层材料的比例在1 / 3-2 / 3的范围内。版权所有（C）2010，JPO＆INPIT

99. 发明专利

JP2009045641A Method for preventing surface of molten metal in mold from being varied when starting continuous casting 有权
标题翻译：开始连续铸造时，从变形中预防模具中金属表面的方法
公开(公告)号：JP2009045641A
公开(公告)日：2009-03-05
申请号：JP2007212951
申请日：2007-08-17
申请人： Nippon Steel Corp , 新日本製鐵株式会社
发明人： IWASAKI JUNYA , SANJO SATORU , FUKUNAGA SHINICHI , MARUKI YASUO
IPC分类号： B22D11/08 , B22D11/16
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for preventing a surface of a molten metal in a mold from being varied when starting continuous casting, in which anxious break-out due to variation of the surface of the molten metal in the mold caused when starting the continuous casting is suppressed, and degradation in quality of a slab due to inclusions to be rolled in is suppressed and further prevented.
SOLUTION: A sensor group for inspecting a continuous casting apparatus 10 is provided on a link member located in a range of 0.2-0.6 L from an upstream end of a link type dummy bar 12 of the total length L where a plurality of link members 17-19 are connected with pins 20, and arranged on the upstream side of the link member 18 with the sensor group being mounted thereon. When the spacing of the pins 20 adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction of the dummy bar 12 is denoted as P, the dummy bar 12 is conveyed while pressing the link members 18, 19 in the range from the center in the longitudinal direction of the link member 18 with the sensor group mounted thereon to the point of 2.5 P to the upstream side by a plurality of pinch rolls, and the manufacture of a slab 13 is started while carrying out the inspection by the sensor group.
COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供一种防止模具中的熔融金属的表面在开始连续铸造时变化的方法，其中由于模具中的熔融金属的表面的变化引起的急剧的分解抑制连续铸造时的起动，抑制被轧制夹杂物的板坯质量的劣化。解决方案：用于检查连续铸造设备10的传感器组件设置在从总长度L的连接型虚拟棒12的上游端位于0.2-0.6L范围内的连杆构件上，其中多个连杆构件17-19与销20连接，并且布置在连接构件18的上游侧，传感器组被安装在其上。当在虚拟棒12的纵向彼此相邻的销20的间隔被表示为P时，虚拟棒12被输送，同时沿着连接构件18,19的纵向方向的中心通过多个夹送辊将传感器组安装到上游侧的传感器组的连杆构件18，并且在进行传感器组的检查的同时开始制造板坯13。版权所有（C）2009，JPO＆INPIT

100. 发明专利

JP2009000737A Nozzle for continuous casting 有权
标题翻译：喷嘴用于连续铸造
公开(公告)号：JP2009000737A
公开(公告)日：2009-01-08
申请号：JP2007166284
申请日：2007-06-25
申请人： Akechi Ceramics Co Ltd , Nippon Steel Corp , 新日本製鐵株式会社 , 明智セラミックス株式会社
发明人： KATO YOSHINARI , KIKUCHI JUN , YAMAGUCHI KAZUHIRO , FUKUNAGA SHINICHI , MATSUI TAIJIRO
IPC分类号： B22D11/10 , B22D41/50 , B22D41/60
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a nozzle for continuous casting capable of suppressing narrowing of the inner hole of the nozzle for supplying molten metal from a tundish to a mold, further effectively suppressing clogging, and preventing cracks of the nozzle due to thermal shock.
SOLUTION: A sheet member is inserted which is concentric with the nozzle inner hole 3, electrically insulated, and comprises a carbonaceous material containing 25 mass% or more carbon, and electricity is applied during the period from the finish of preheating to the start of casting, thereby effectively and drastically suppressing the temperature drop on the outer surface of the nozzle. The suppression of the temperature drop of the nozzle can prevent the cracks of the nozzle due to thermal shock in early stage of the casting. Moreover, the surface temperature of the nozzle is maintained at high, thereby decreasing the amount of heat transfer from the molten metal to the nozzle material and preventing the deposition of alumina due to the solidification of the molten metal.
COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供一种用于连续铸造的喷嘴，其能够抑制用于将熔融金属从中间包供给到模具的喷嘴的内部孔的变窄，从而进一步有效地抑制堵塞，并且防止喷嘴由于热冲击。
解决方案：插入与喷嘴内孔3同心的片状部件，电绝缘，并且包括含有25质量％以上的碳的碳质材料，并且在从预热完成到开始铸造，从而有效地且显着地抑制喷嘴外表面的温度下降。抑制喷嘴的温度下降可以防止在铸造初期由于热冲击引起的喷嘴裂纹。此外，喷嘴的表面温度保持在高水平，从而减少从熔融金属到喷嘴材料的传热量，并防止由于熔融金属凝固而引起的氧化铝沉积。版权所有（C）2009，JPO＆INPIT

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