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    • 8. 发明授权
    • SYSTEM FOR NON-CONTACT SENSING AND SIGNALLING USING HUMAN BODY AS SIGNAL TRANSMISSION MEDIUM
    • 系统ZUM KONTAKTLOSEN ABTASTEN UND SIGNALISIERUNG MIT MENSCHLICHEMKÖRPERALSSIGNALÜBERTRAGUNGSMEDIUM
    • EP0824799B1
    • 2002-08-21
    • EP96913886.6
    • 1996-05-01
    • MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
    • GERSHENFELD, NeilZIMMERMAN, ThomasALLPORT, David
    • H04B5/00H04B13/00
    • G06F3/017G06F3/0346G06F3/044G06F3/046G06K7/10326G06K19/041G06K19/07749G06K19/07758G06K19/07788H04B5/0012H04B5/02H04B5/04H04B13/005Y02D70/26Y02D70/42
    • A wireless system includes one or more transmitters and one or more remote receivers that are respectively coupled through one or more users and room ground. The transmitters each produce low-frequency, low power signals that, through capacitive coupling, pass as displacement currents into and from the body of the user, which acts as a conductive node. A receiver that couples capacitively to the user responds to the displacement currents and reproduces the signals. The transmitter includes a signal generator and a pair of electrodes. The signal generator produces modulated signals that vary the voltage between the electrodes, a first one of which is closely coupled capacitively to the user's body such that the "quasi-electrostatic" field resulting from the electrode potential causes a displacement current to pass to the user's body. The second electrode is oriented so that its coupling to the room ground is stronger than that of the first electrode, such that room ground acts as a return path for the current from the receiver. The signal generator may modulate the information to be transmitted using, for example, a pseudorandom code, to produce spread spectrum signals. This increases noise immunity and allows multiple transmitters, each using a different modulation code, to operate at the same time. The receivers each include a detector/demodulator that acquires and tracks the signals from the one or more transmitters.
    • 无线系统包括一个或多个发射机和分别通过一个或多个用户和房间地面耦合的一个或多个远程接收机。 发射机每个都产生低频,低功率信号,通过电容耦合作为位移电流通过用户的身体,并作为导电节点。 将电容耦合到用户的接收器响应于位移电流并再现信号。 发射机包括信号发生器和一对电极。 信号发生器产生改变电极之间的电压的调制信号,其中的第一个电极与用户的身体电容密切耦合,使得由电极电位产生的“准静电”场导致位移电流传递给用户的 身体。 第二电极被定向成使得其与室内接地的耦合比第一电极的耦合更强,使得房间地面用作来自接收器的电流的返回路径。 信号发生器可以使用例如伪随机码来调制要发送的信息,以产生扩频信号。 这增加了噪声抗扰度,并允许多个发射机,每个使用不同调制码的发射机同时工作。 接收机每个都包括一个检测器/解调器,其获取和跟踪来自一个或多个发射机的信号。
    • 9. 发明公开
    • Electronic communication apparatus using the human body as a transmission medium
    • Elektronische Kommunikationseinrichtung unter Verwendung des menschlichenKörpersalsÜbertragungsmedium
    • EP0843425A2
    • 1998-05-20
    • EP97307541.9
    • 1997-09-25
    • INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
    • Coppersmith, DonRaghavan, PrabhakarZimmerman, Thomas G.
    • H04B13/00H04L9/32H04B5/00
    • A61B5/0024A61B5/0028B60R25/2027G06K7/10326G06K19/041G06K19/07749G06K19/07758G06K19/07788G06Q20/4012G07C9/00111H04B13/005H04L9/3226H04L9/3297H04L2209/56H04L2209/805
    • An apparatus and method are disclosed for encoding and transferring data from a transmitter to a receiver, using the human body as a transmission medium. The transmitter includes an electric field generator, a data encoder which operates by modulating the electric field, and electrodes to couple the electric field through the human body. The receiver includes electrodes, in physical contact with, or close proximity to, a part of the human body, for detecting an electric field carried through the body, and a demodulator for extracting the data from the modulated electric field. An authenticator, connected to the receiver, processes the encoded data and validates the authenticity of the transmission. The apparatus and method are used to identify and authorize a possessor of the transmitter. The possessor then has secure access to, and can obtain delivery of, goods and services such as the distribution of money, phone privileges, building access, and commodities. Encryption provides rapid transmission and authentication of the transmitter, and a plurality of similar transmitters, with minimum vulnerability to counterfeit. Signal processing and digital communication components accommodate variations in location and orientation of the transmitter and receiver, and provide transmitters with long life times and high reliability.
    • 公开了一种用于使用人体作为传输介质来将数据从发射机编码和传送到接收机的装置和方法。 发射机包括电场发生器,通过调制电场操作的数据编码器,以及将电场耦合通过人体的电极。 接收机包括与身体的一部分物理接触或接近的电极,用于检测通过身体携带的电场;以及解调器,用于从调制电场中提取数据。 连接到接收器的认证器处理编码数据并验证传输的真实性。 该装置和方法用于识别和授权发射机的拥有者。 拥有者然后可以安全地访问和可以获得货物和服务的交付,例如货币分配,电话特权,建筑物访问和商品。 加密提供了对发射机和多个类似的发射机的快速传输和认证,并且具有最小的假冒易损性。 信号处理和数字通信组件适应发射机和接收机的位置和方向的变化,并提供具有长寿命和高可靠性的发射机。