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1. 发明授权

US06400159B1 Orientation sensor especially suitable for use in an underground boring device 失效
公开(公告)号：US06400159B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-04
申请号：US09547120
申请日：2000-04-11
申请人： Rudolf Zeller , John E. Mercer
发明人： Rudolf Zeller , John E. Mercer
IPC分类号： G01N2702
CPC分类号： G01C9/06 , G01C9/20 , G01C2009/068 , G01C2009/182
摘要： An orientation sensor especially suitable for use in an underground device is disclosed herein. This orientation sensor includes a sensor housing defining a closed internal chamber, an arrangement of electrically conductive members in a predetermined positional relationship to one another within the chamber and a flowable material contained within the housing chamber and through which electrical connections between the electrically conductive members are made such that a comparison between an electrical property, specifically voltage, of a first combination of conductive members to the corresponding electrical property of a second combination of conductive members can be used to determine a particular orientation parameter, specifically pitch or roll of the sensor. In one embodiment disclosed herein, the electrically conductive members include an array of wires, as contrasted with plates or cylinders and in all of the embodiments disclosed herein in which the sensor functions as a pitch sensor, the conductive members are adjustably configured so that the sensor can be calibrated.

2. 发明授权

US06281689B1 Means of correcting a measurement of a property of a material with a sensor that is affected by a second property of the material 有权
标题翻译：用受材料的第二特性影响的传感器校正材料性能的测量的方法
公开(公告)号：US06281689B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-28
申请号：US09289066
申请日：1999-04-12
申请人： Lee Chase , John D. Goss , Claud Hagart-Alexander , Martin G. Clarke , Graham V. Walford , Raymond Yu
发明人： Lee Chase , John D. Goss , Claud Hagart-Alexander , Martin G. Clarke , Graham V. Walford , Raymond Yu
IPC分类号： G01N2702
CPC分类号： G01N33/343 , D21G9/0009
摘要： A sensor apparatus and electrode configuration within the sensor apparatus for measuring electrical characteristics of an aqueous fibrous composition. The electrode configuration includes an elongated ground electrode and at least one segmented electrode to form an array of measurement electrode cells. The electrode configuration further includes an array of reference electrode cells formed by a plurality of reference electrodes built into the array of measurement electrode cells. The measurement electrode cells and reference electrode cells have a different sensitivity to water weight of the aqueous fibrous composition and the same sensitivity to conductivity of the aqueous fibrous composition. The measurement apparatus obtains simultaneous resistive measurements from both measurement and reference cells and determines the ratio of the measurements such that the affects from conductivity is canceled out of the measurement ratio. The determined measurement ratio is used to obtain a measurement of the water weight of the aqueous fibrous composition by using previously determined characterization data of the water weight vs. a range of measurement ratios.
摘要翻译：用于测量水性纤维组合物的电特性的传感器装置内的传感器装置和电极结构。电极配置包括细长接地电极和至少一个分段电极，以形成测量电极单元阵列。电极结构还包括由内置在测量电极单元阵列中的多个参考电极形成的参考电极单元的阵列。测量电极单元和参考电极单元对水性纤维组合物的水重量具有不同的灵敏度，并且与水性纤维组合物的导电性相同。测量装置从测量和参考单元获得同时的电阻测量，并且确定测量值的比例，使得在测量比之外抵消来自电导率的影响。使用确定的测量比率通过使用预先确定的水重量的特征数据与测量比的范围来获得水性纤维组合物的水重量的测量。

3. 发明授权

US06265884B1 Electrical conductivity gem tester 失效
标题翻译：导电宝石测试仪
公开(公告)号：US06265884B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-24
申请号：US09310400
申请日：1999-05-12
申请人： Solomon Menashi , David Barrett , Wayne Duderwick , Randolph M. Bogdan
发明人： Solomon Menashi , David Barrett , Wayne Duderwick , Randolph M. Bogdan
IPC分类号： G01N2702
CPC分类号： G01N33/381 , G01N27/041
摘要： It has been learned that moissanite and other synthetic stones, including synthetic moissanite and synthetic diamond, are distinguishable from natural diamonds based on differing electrical conductivities. The present invention, therefore, provides an apparatus and method for determining a gem type based on its electrical conductivity. In particular, an electronic circuit including the gem under test as part of a circuit path is used to measure its electrical conductivity and, therefore, gem type. The onerous task of determining whether a gem is moissanite or synthetic diamond involves providing a high voltage across a gem surface greater than a breakdown voltage, typically greater than 300 volts, and measuring a minuscule current that flows through the gem. A first and second contact couple the high voltage to the gem under test, where a low impedance detection circuit is used to flag when the contacts are erroneously contacting each other during a measurement. Sampling techniques are employed to avoid false readings based on AC coupled noise and an optional conductive block with holes or cavities is used to retain loose gems during the testing process.
摘要翻译：据了解，莫桑山石和其他合成石，包括合成莫桑石和人造金刚石，可根据不同的电导率与天然钻石区别开来。因此，本发明提供了一种基于其电导率来确定宝石类型的装置和方法。特别地，使用包括作为电路路径的一部分的被测宝石的电子电路来测量其电导率，因此用于测量宝石类型。确定宝石是莫桑石还是合成金刚石的艰巨任务涉及在超过击穿电压（通常大于300伏特）的高于宝石表面的高电压，以及测量流经宝石的微小电流。第一和第二接触将高电压耦合到待测的宝石，其中使用低阻抗检测电路来在测量期间触点彼此错误地接触。采用采样技术来避免基于交流耦合噪声的错误读数，并且在测试过程中使用具有孔或空腔的可选导电块来保留松散的宝石。

4. 发明授权

US06653843B2 Battery acid level alarm 失效
公开(公告)号：US06653843B2
公开(公告)日：2003-11-25
申请号：US10092042
申请日：2002-03-05
申请人： Norton W. Whitchurch
发明人： Norton W. Whitchurch
IPC分类号： G01N2702
CPC分类号： H01M6/505 , G01F23/243 , H01M6/5061 , H01M10/484
摘要： An apparatus for detecting a reduction of a level of electrolyte in a wet cell battery includes an electrically conductive sensing rod in contact with an electrolyte in a battery cell, a voltage comparator connected to the rod for generating a first output signal when an input voltage is greater than a reference voltage and generating a second output signal when an input voltage is less than the reference voltage, and an indicator responsive to the output signals for generating a green visual signal when the rod is immersed in the electrolyte and generating a red visual signal when the rod is not immersed in the electrolyte. The apparatus also include an audio alarm device sounding an audio indication when the red visual signal is generated. A sensing circuit can be connected between the voltage comparator and a pair of battery voltage input terminals to selectively connect the terminals to the comparator when a voltage of a battery connected to the terminals exceeds a predetermined voltage level.

5. 发明授权

US06426629B1 Method and apparatus for measuring an electrical parameter of a fluid 失效
标题翻译：用于测量流体的电参数的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06426629B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-30
申请号：US09101543
申请日：1998-07-10
申请人： Raymond Edgson , Eric Wilkinson
发明人： Raymond Edgson , Eric Wilkinson
IPC分类号： G01N2702
CPC分类号： G01N27/07 , G01N27/06
摘要： Methods and apparatus for measuring electrical parameters of a test fluid are disclosed. The methods include maintaining the test fluid and a reference fluid at the same temperature and in thermal proximity to each other, equalizing the temperature of the test fluid and the reference fluid prior to the measuring step, measuring the electrical parameter of the test fluid and the reference fluid at substantially the same time, and standardizing the measurement to a predetermined temperature. The apparatus includes a heat exchanger for maintaining the flow of a primary heat exchange fluid in thermal proximity to the test fluid in the reference fluid, and a metal wall having one surface in contact with a measuring cell and another surface in contact with the flow of the primary heat exchange fluid whereby the measuring cell and the heat exchanger are separated thereby.
摘要翻译：公开了用于测量测试流体的电参数的方法和装置。所述方法包括将测试流体和参考流体保持在相同的温度并彼此热接近，在测量步骤之前均衡测试流体和参考流体的温度，测量测试流体的电参数和基本上相同的参考流体，并将测量标准化到预定温度。该装置包括一个热交换器，用于保持一个热交换流体在参考流体中与测试流体接近的热量，以及金属壁，其一个表面与测量池相接触，另一个表面与主要的热交换流体，由此测量单元和热交换器被分离。

6. 发明授权

US06392417B1 Arrangement and method for detecting the end of life of an aqueous bath utilized in semiconductor processing 失效
标题翻译：用于检测在半导体加工中使用的水浴的寿命的结构和方法
公开(公告)号：US06392417B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-21
申请号：US09658932
申请日：2000-09-11
申请人： Dirk Maarten Knotter , Leonardus Cornelus Robertus Winters , Servatius Maria Vleeshouwers
发明人： Dirk Maarten Knotter , Leonardus Cornelus Robertus Winters , Servatius Maria Vleeshouwers
IPC分类号： G01N2702
CPC分类号： H01L21/02052 , G05D21/02
摘要： Arrangement and method for detecting the end of life of an aqueous bath utilized in semiconductor processing, the bath containing water, an amount of hydrogen peroxide and an amount of a predetermined chemical species, which is either an acid or a base, in accordance with the following steps: adding a predetermined additional amount of the hydrogen peroxide and/or the predetermined chemical species at predetermined time intervals, measuring at least one parameter of the aqueous bath, thereby obtaining a measured parameter value, the at least one parameter being selected from a set of parameters including bath pH and bath conductivity; reading a predicted value of said at least one parameter from a memory storing a curve of predicted values of said at least one parameter as a function of time, said curve depending on said predetermined additional amount of said hydrogen peroxide and/or said predetermined chemical species, and depending on said predetermined time intervals; establishing the end of life of said aqueous bath on the basis of a predetermined deviation between said measured parameter value and said predicted value.
摘要翻译：用于检测半导体加工中使用的水浴的使用寿命的结构和方法，含有水的浴，一定量的过氧化氢和一定量的根据本发明的酸或碱的预定化学物质以下步骤：以预定的时间间隔加入预定的附加量的过氧化氢和/或预定化学物质，测量水浴的至少一个参数，由此获得测量的参数值，所述至少一个参数选自一组参数，包括浴pH和浴电导率; 从存储有作为时间的函数的所述至少一个参数的预测值的曲线的存储器读取所述至少一个参数的预测值，所述曲线取决于所述预定附加量的所述过氧化氢和/或所述预定化学物质并且取决于所述预定时间间隔; 基于所述测量参数值和所述预测值之间的预定偏差来确定所述水浴的寿命结束。

7. 发明授权

US06278281B1 Fluid condition monitor 失效
标题翻译：流体状态监测
公开(公告)号：US06278281B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-21
申请号：US09220556
申请日：1998-12-23
申请人： Robert A. Bauer , Richard W. Hirthe , Mark H. Polczynski , Martin A. Seitz , James E. Hansen
发明人： Robert A. Bauer , Richard W. Hirthe , Mark H. Polczynski , Martin A. Seitz , James E. Hansen
IPC分类号： G01N2702
CPC分类号： G01N27/221 , G01N33/2888
摘要： A fluid condition monitor suitable for real time monitoring of a fluid in a fluid system such as on-board vehicle monitoring of engine oil and transmission fluid to determine contamination. A capacitive spaced array electrode probe is immersed in the fluid and an oscillating voltage is applied at a first frequency of at least one hertz and the current IB measured as an analog of the bulk fluid impedance. The voltage is also applied to the probe at a second frequency of less then one hertz and the current Is measured as an analog of the electrode surface impedance. The difference in measured currents &Dgr;I is determined electrically compared with a predetermined threshold value; and, the measured first frequency current IB is compared with an upper and lower limit value for IB determined empirically for the known baseline fluid. If &Dgr;I is below the threshold or IB is not within the upper and lower limits, a fault condition is declared and an indicator is activated to warn that the fluid is not suitable for continued operation of the system. An alternate embodiment includes a fluid level sensor.
摘要翻译：一种流体状态监测器，适用于实时监测流体系统中的流体，例如车载车辆监测发动机机油和变速箱油以确定污染。将电容性间隔的阵列电极探针浸入流体中，并以至少一赫兹的第一频率施加振荡电压，并以当前体积阻抗的模拟量测量电流IB。电压也以小于1赫兹的第二频率施加到探头，并且电流被测量为电极表面阻抗的模拟。与预定阈值相比，测量电流DELTAI的差异被确定; 并且将所测量的第一频率电流IB与对于已知基线流体凭经验确定的IB的上限值和下限值进行比较。如果DELTAI低于阈值或IB不在上限和下限范围内，则声明故障状态并启动指示器以警告流体不适合系统的继续操作。替代实施例包括液位传感器。

8. 发明授权

US06771074B2 Probe assembly for a fluid condition monitor and method of making same 失效
标题翻译：用于流体状态监测器的探针组件及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US06771074B2
公开(公告)日：2004-08-03
申请号：US10060107
申请日：2002-01-31
申请人： Lian Q. Zou , James E. Hansen , Victor E. Shtaida
发明人： Lian Q. Zou , James E. Hansen , Victor E. Shtaida
IPC分类号： G01N2702
CPC分类号： G01N27/226
摘要： A probe assembly for use in monitoring fluid conditions in real time in a transducer utilizing impedance spectroscopy and having two closely spaced tubular concentric electrodes. The electrodes have a surface area of about 8.1 to 10.8 cm2 spaced in the range of about 0.1 to 0.55 mm. In one embodiment a concentric outer tubular Faraday shield is employed for monitoring fluid in a non-metallic vessel. The probe assembly is particularly suitable for monitoring hydraulic fluid including automatic transmission fluid and mineral based engine oil for diesel and gasoline engines.
摘要翻译：探头组件，用于利用阻抗光谱仪实时监测流体条件，并具有两个紧密间隔的管状同心电极。电极具有在约0.1至0.55mm范围内的约8.1至10.8cm 2的表面积。在一个实施例中，使用同心的外管法拉第屏蔽来监测非金属容器中的流体。探头组件特别适用于监测液压流体，包括用于柴油和汽油发动机的自动变速器油和矿物基发动机油。

9. 发明授权

US06720773B2 4-electrode conductivity sensor with zero external field 失效
标题翻译：具有零外场的4电极电导率传感器
公开(公告)号：US06720773B2
公开(公告)日：2004-04-13
申请号：US10229260
申请日：2002-08-26
申请人： Neil L. Brown
发明人： Neil L. Brown
IPC分类号： G01N2702
CPC分类号： G01N27/07
摘要： A conductivity sensor configuration which has essentially no external electrical field so that the calibration of the sensor is not affected by the existence of nearby external objects or fouling on the exterior parts of the sensor. Additionally, the sensor is relatively insensitive to electrode fouling or electrode polarization. The sensor includes a tube through which the liquid to be measured flows. An inner electrode plate extends partially along the length of the tube dividing the central portion of the tube into two sections. Two inner electrodes are located on the inner wall, one on each side, and two outer electrodes are located on the inside of the tube opposite the inner electrodes.
摘要翻译：一种电导率传感器结构，其基本上没有外部电场，使得传感器的校准不受附近外部物体的存在或传感器外部部分污染的影响。此外，传感器对电极结垢或电极极化相对不敏感。该传感器包括待测液体流过的管。内部电极板沿着将管的中心部分分成两部分的管的长度部分地延伸。两个内电极位于内壁上，每侧一个，两个外电极位于与内电极相对的管内侧。

10. 发明授权

US06404204B1 Sensor and sensor system for liquid conductivity, temperature and depth 有权
公开(公告)号：US06404204B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-11
申请号：US09562849
申请日：2000-05-01
申请人： Guy J. Farruggia , Allan B. Fraser
发明人： Guy J. Farruggia , Allan B. Fraser
IPC分类号： G01N2702
CPC分类号： G01N27/06 , G01N33/18
摘要： Liquid conductivity and temperature are measured in respective sensitivity fields that are collocated—i. e., in volumes that nearly match by mathematical, geometrical, or functional criteria. Collocation is as distinct from mere adjacency or proximity; and is with respect to measurement volumes, not measuring hardware. Preferably pressure too is measured with sensitivity very generally collocated to the conductivity and temperature sensitivity. Preferably, respective temporal/spatial bandwidths of the two (or three) sensors are matched. Preferably the pressure sensor is a MEMS transducer, the conductivity sensor is a four-terminal device, the thermometer is a thermistor encapsulated in a silkscreened glass wall, and circuits (1) compensate for time lag between conductivity and temperature measurement, (2) remove artifacts due to detritus in or near either sensor, and (3) derive secondary parameters of the liquid.

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