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    • 3. 发明授权
    • Solar collector system for heating fluids
    • 用于加热流体的太阳能收集器系统
    • US4530348A
    • 1985-07-23
    • US478668
    • 1983-03-25
    • Martin H. Kaufman
    • Martin H. Kaufman
    • F24J2/10F24J2/20F24J2/24F24J2/50F24J3/02
    • F24J2/52F24J2/10F24J2/207F24J2/242F24J2/507F24J2002/1071F24J2002/5275Y02E10/44Y02E10/47Y10S126/908
    • A solar collector device comprising a truncated dome shaped absorber with inner and outer wall defining an annular space wherein fluid to be heated passes is disclosed. The absorber is placed within a curved surfaced container which is transparent to infrared radiation. In one embodiment the surface of the container opposite the transparent side is provided with a reflective coating and the container is preferably substantially evacuated to reduce heat transfer from the absorber. In another embodiment the northerly side of the absorber is thermally insulated. The absorber is preferably black surfaced and when constructed of coiled tubing, the tubing is coiled in a cylindrical or domed configuration of one or more coils, and solar reflectors are positioned to provide reflected radiation to those sides of the absorber not receiving direct sunshine.
    • 一种太阳能收集器装置,包括具有内外壁的截顶圆顶形吸收体,其限定了待加热流体通过的环形空间。 吸收器放置在对红外辐射透明的弯曲表面容器中。 在一个实施例中,与透明侧相对的容器的表面设置有反射涂层,并且容器基本上被抽真空以减少来自吸收体的热传递。 在另一个实施例中,吸收体的北侧被隔热。 吸收器优选为黑色表面,并且当由连续油管构造时,管道被卷绕成一个或多个线圈的圆柱形或圆顶形构造,并且太阳能反射器被定位成向没有接受直接阳光的吸收体的那些侧面提供反射辐射。
    • 4. 发明授权
    • Toothbrush
    • 牙刷
    • US4570282A
    • 1986-02-18
    • US650814
    • 1984-09-14
    • Martin H. KaufmanChris A. CerceoJeanie F. Kaufman
    • Martin H. KaufmanChris A. CerceoJeanie F. Kaufman
    • A46B9/04
    • A46B9/045A46B2200/1066
    • A toothbrush to automatically guide the user to simultaneously clean a tooth surface, the cusps, and the gingival sulcus at approximately 45 degrees. The bristle elements are arranged generally in two banks with the free ends of the bristle elements in the first bank extending convergingly with the free ends of the bristle elements in the second bank to provide a V-shaped tooth receiving channel having an acute included angle of from about 10 to 55 degrees. The bristle elements in the respective banks which are closest together, which is at about the apex of the V-shaped tooth receiving channel, extend into contact with one another at the bristle tips to define therebetween a doublet of mutually supported bristle elements. This doublet provides a stiff cleaning element for the nooks and crannies of the cusps of the teeth.
    • 牙刷自动引导用户同时清洁牙齿表面,尖牙和牙龈沟,大约45度。 刷毛元件通常布置成两组,其中第一组中的刷毛元件的自由端与第二组中的刷毛元件的自由端会聚地延伸,以提供具有锐角的V形齿接收通道 从大约10到55度。 最靠近在一起的V形齿接收通道的顶点处的相应组中的刷毛元件在刷毛尖端处彼此延伸接触以在其间限定双重相互支撑的刷毛元件。 这种双面胶提供了一个刚性清洁元素,用于牙齿尖端的角落和头骨。