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    • 6. 发明授权
    • Flag management in processors enabled for speculative execution of micro-operation traces
    • 处理器中的标志管理能够推测微操作轨迹的执行
    • US07568089B1
    • 2009-07-28
    • US11553458
    • 2006-10-26
    • John Gregory FavorSeungyoon Peter SongChristopher P. Nelson
    • John Gregory FavorSeungyoon Peter SongChristopher P. Nelson
    • G06F9/30
    • G06F9/3842G06F9/30094G06F9/3808G06F9/3863
    • Managing speculative execution via groups of actions corresponding to atomic traces enables efficient processing of flag-related actions, as atomic traces advantageously enable single checkpoints of flags at trace boundaries. Flag restoration from checkpoints for trace aborts uses a flag checkpoint table to store flag checkpoints, each corresponding to an atomic trace. The table is accessed for flag restoration in response to a trace abort. In a first technique, a corresponding flag checkpoint is stored in response to trace renaming, and the flag checkpoints are updated as flags are modified. Flags are restored from the flag checkpoint corresponding to an aborted atomic trace. In a second technique, a corresponding flag checkpoint is allocated to an invalid state in response to trace renaming, and initialized on-demand when flags are first modified in accordance with the atomic trace. Flags are restored from the oldest flag checkpoint starting from an aborted atomic trace.
    • 通过与原子轨迹对应的动作组来管理推测性执行,可以有效地处理与标志相关的动作,因为原子轨迹有利地使踪迹边界上的标志的单个检查点。 用于跟踪中止的检查点的标志恢复使用标志检查点表来存储标志检查点,每个对应于原子轨迹。 该表被访问用于响应于跟踪中止的标志恢复。 在第一种技术中,响应于跟踪重命名而存储对应的标志检查点,并且随着标志被修改,标志检查点被更新。 从对应于中止的原子轨迹的标志检查点恢复标志。 在第二种技术中,响应于跟踪重命名,对应的标志检查点被分配到无效状态,并且当根据原子轨迹首先修改标志时按需初始化。 从废弃的原子轨迹开始,从最旧的标志检查点恢复标志。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Software hint to specify the preferred branch prediction to use for a branch instruction
    • 软件提示指定用于分支指令的首选分支预测
    • US07673122B1
    • 2010-03-02
    • US11306000
    • 2005-12-16
    • Seungyoon Peter SongJohn Gregory FavorRichard W. Thaik
    • Seungyoon Peter SongJohn Gregory FavorRichard W. Thaik
    • G06F9/00
    • G06F9/3846G06F9/3848
    • Software hints embedded in branch instructions direct selection of one of a plurality of branch predictors to use when processing the branch instructions, leading to improved branch prediction (i.e. fewer mis-predictions) over conventional schemes. A software agent assembles branch instructions having associated respective branch predictor control fields compatible with a branch predictor selector and a plurality of branch predictors. Each branch predictor control field is used to perform branch predictor selection, branch predictor control, or both. Branch predictor selection enables selective branch prediction according to an appropriate one of the branch predictors as determined by the software agent by examining context surrounding the branch instruction. Branch predictor control enables control of operation of one or more of the branch predictors. For example, a history-based branch predictor may be instructed to provide branch prediction according to a history-depth specified by the branch predictor control.
    • 嵌入分支指令中的软件提示直接选择在处理分支指令时使用的多个分支预测器中的一个,导致与常规方案相比改进的分支预测(即较少的误预测)。 软件代理装配具有与分支预测器选择器和多个分支预测器兼容的相关联的相应分支预测器控制字段的分支指令。 每个分支预测器控制字段用于执行分支预测器选择,分支预测器控制或两者。 分支预测器选择通过检查分支指令周围的上下文,根据由软件代理确定的适当的一个分支预测器启用选择性分支预测。 分支预测器控制使得能够控制一个或多个分支预测器的操作。 例如,可以指示基于历史的分支预测器,以根据由分支预测器控制指定的历史深度来提供分支预测。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Flag management in processors enabled for speculative execution of micro-operation traces
    • 处理器中的标志管理能够推测微操作轨迹的执行
    • US07587585B1
    • 2009-09-08
    • US11553453
    • 2006-10-26
    • John Gregory FavorSeungyoon Peter SongChristopher P. Nelson
    • John Gregory FavorSeungyoon Peter SongChristopher P. Nelson
    • G06F9/30
    • G06F9/3842G06F9/30094G06F9/3808G06F9/3863
    • Managing speculative execution via groups of one or more actions corresponding to atomic traces enables efficient processing of flag-related actions, as atomic traces advantageously enable single checkpoints of flag values at atomic trace boundaries. Checkpointing flags during atomic trace renaming in a processor system uses a flag checkpoint table to store a plurality of flag checkpoints, each corresponding to an atomic trace. The table is selectively accessed to provide flag information to restore speculative flags when an atomic trace is aborted. A corresponding flag checkpoint is stored when an atomic trace is renamed. An action that updates flags updates all entries in the table corresponding to younger atomic traces. If the atomic trace is aborted, then the corresponding flag checkpoint is used for restoration of flag state.
    • 通过与原子轨迹对应的一个或多个动作的组来管理推测性执行,可以有效地处理与标志相关的动作,因为原子轨迹有利地使原子轨迹边界上的标志值的检查点成为可能。 在处理器系统中的原子轨迹重命名期间的检查点标志使用标志检查点表来存储多个标志检查点,每个对应于原子轨迹。 当原子轨迹中止时,有选择地访问该表以提供标志信息来恢复推测标志。 当重新命名原子轨迹时,存储对应的标志检查点。 更新标志的操作会更新表中对应于较年轻原子轨迹的所有条目。 如果原子轨迹中止,则对应的标志检查点用于恢复标志状态。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Prefetch hardware efficiency via prefetch hint instructions
    • 通过预取提示指令预取硬件效率
    • US07533242B1
    • 2009-05-12
    • US11279880
    • 2006-04-15
    • Laurent R. MollJorel D. HartmanPeter N. GlaskowskySeungyoon Peter SongJohn Gregory Favor
    • Laurent R. MollJorel D. HartmanPeter N. GlaskowskySeungyoon Peter SongJohn Gregory Favor
    • G06F9/26
    • G06F12/0862G06F9/30047G06F9/3455G06F9/383G06F9/3832G06F2212/1021G06F2212/6028
    • A software agent assembles prefetch hint instructions or prefixes defined in an instruction set architecture, the instructions/prefixes conveying prefetch hint information to a processor enabled to execute instructions according to the instruction set architecture. The prefetch hints are directed to control operation of one or more hardware memory prefetcher units included in the processor, providing for increased efficiency in memory prefetching operations. The hints may optionally provide any combination of parameters describing a memory reference traffic pattern to search for, when to begin searching, when to terminate prefetching, and how aggressively to prefetch. Thus the hardware prefetchers are enabled to make improved traffic prediction, providing more accurate results using reduced hardware resources. The hints may include any combination of specific pattern hints (one/two/N-dimensional strides, indirect, and indirect-stride), modifiers including sparse and region, and a prefetch-stop directive. The parameters may include any combination of a count, a priority and a ramp.
    • 软件代理装配在指令集架构中定义的预取提示指令或前缀,指令/前缀将预取提示信息传送到能够根据指令集架构执行指令的处理器。 预取提示旨在控制包括在处理器中的一个或多个硬件存储器预取器单元的操作,从而提高存储器预取操作的效率。 提示可以可选地提供描述存储器参考流量模式的参数的任何组合以搜索,何时开始搜索,何时终止预取,以及如何积极地预取。 因此,硬件预取器能够进行改进的流量预测,使用减少的硬件资源提供更准确的结果。 提示可以包括特定模式提示(一/二/ N维步幅,间接和间接步幅),包括稀疏和区域的修饰符以及预取停止指令的任何组合。 这些参数可以包括计数,优先级和斜坡的任何组合。