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1. 发明授权

US07597529B2 Method for filling a vertical tube with catalyst particles 失效
标题翻译：用催化剂颗粒填充垂直管的方法
公开(公告)号：US07597529B2
公开(公告)日：2009-10-06
申请号：US10568613
申请日：2004-08-17
申请人： Volker Diehl , Steffen Rissel , Silke Berndt , Mark Duda , Knut Eger , Markus Hoelzle , Veron Nsunda
发明人： Volker Diehl , Steffen Rissel , Silke Berndt , Mark Duda , Knut Eger , Markus Hoelzle , Veron Nsunda
IPC分类号： B65B1/06 , B65G69/02
CPC分类号： B65G69/16 , B01J8/003 , B01J8/06 , B01J2208/00752 , B01J2208/00778
摘要： A method of charging a vertical tube having an internal diameter of 50 mm or less with catalyst particles, which comprises introducing a filling aid into the vertical tube, where the filling aid comprises a flexible elongated body and the ratio of the cross section of the flexible elongated body to the cross section of the tube is from 0.003 to 0.08, and introducing the catalyst particles into the tube.
摘要翻译：一种用催化剂颗粒填充内径为50mm或更小的垂直管的方法，包括将填充助剂引入垂直管中，其中填充助剂包括柔性细长体，柔性细长体的横截面积比管的横截面的细长体积为0.003至0.08，并将催化剂颗粒引入管中。

2. 发明申请

US20060233631A1 Method for filling a vertical tube with catalyst particles 失效
公开(公告)号：US20060233631A1
公开(公告)日：2006-10-19
申请号：US10568613
申请日：2004-08-17
申请人： Volker Diehl , Steffen Rissel , Silke Berndt , Mark Duda , Knut Eger , Markus Holzle , Veron Nsunda
发明人： Volker Diehl , Steffen Rissel , Silke Berndt , Mark Duda , Knut Eger , Markus Holzle , Veron Nsunda
IPC分类号： B65G65/00
CPC分类号： B65G69/16 , B01J8/003 , B01J8/06 , B01J2208/00752 , B01J2208/00778
摘要： A method of charging a vertical tube having an internal diameter of 50 mm or less with catalyst particles, which comprises introducing a filling aid into the vertical tube, where the filling aid comprises a flexible elongated body and the ratio of the cross section of the flexible elongated body to the cross section of the tube is from 0.003 to 0.08, and introducing the catalyst particles into the tube.

3. 发明申请

US20070244349A1 Method for Producing Butadiene From N-Butane 有权
标题翻译：从丁烷生产丁二烯的方法
公开(公告)号：US20070244349A1
公开(公告)日：2007-10-18
申请号：US11718814
申请日：2005-11-11
申请人： Sven Crone , Catharina Klanner , Gotz-Peter Schindler , Mark Duda , Frieder Borgmeier
发明人： Sven Crone , Catharina Klanner , Gotz-Peter Schindler , Mark Duda , Frieder Borgmeier
IPC分类号： C07C5/333 , C07C11/167
CPC分类号： C07C7/09 , C07C5/333 , C07C11/167
摘要： Processes for producing butadiene from n-butane comprising: (a) providing a feed gas stream comprising n-butane; (b) non-oxidatively dehydrogenating the feed gas stream in the presence of a catalyst in a first dehydrogenation zone to form a first intermediate gas stream comprising n-butane, 1-butene, 2-butene, butadiene and hydrogen; (c) oxidatively dehydrogenating the first intermediate gas stream in the presence of an oxygenous gas having an oxygen content of at least 75% by volume in a second dehydrogenation zone to form a second intermediate gas stream comprising n-butane, butadiene, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and steam; (d) compressing and cooling the second intermediate gas to form a first condensate stream comprising water and a third intermediate gas stream comprising n-butane, butadiene, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and steam; (e) compressing and cooling the third intermediate gas to form a second condensate stream comprising n-butane, butadiene and water and a fourth intermediate gas stream comprising n-butane, butadiene, hydrogen and carbon dioxide; (f) cooling the fourth intermediate gas stream to form a third condensate stream comprising n-butane and butadiene, and an offgas stream comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen; (g) removing water from the second condensate stream and combining the second condensate stream and third condensate stream to form a C4 hydrocarbon stream comprising n-butane and butadiene; and (h) separating the C4 hydrocarbon stream to form a recycle stream comprising n-butane and a product stream comprising butadiene; wherein at least a portion of the recycle stream is fed to the first dehydrogenation zone.
摘要翻译：用于从正丁烷生产丁二烯的方法包括：（a）提供包含正丁烷的进料气流; （b）在催化剂存在下在第一脱氢区中使进料气流非氧化脱氢，以形成包含正丁烷，1-丁烯，2-丁烯，丁二烯和氢的第一中间气流; （c）在第二脱氢区中在氧含量至少为75体积％的氧气存在下，使第一中间气流氧化脱氢以形成包含正丁烷，丁二烯，氢，碳的第二中间气流二氧化碳和蒸汽; （d）压缩和冷却第二中间气体以形成包含水的第一冷凝物流和包含正丁烷，丁二烯，氢气，二氧化碳和蒸汽的第三中间气流; （e）压缩和冷却第三中间气体以形成包含正丁烷，丁二烯和水的第二冷凝物流和包含正丁烷，丁二烯，氢气和二氧化碳的第四中间气流; （f）冷却第四中间气流以形成包含正丁烷和丁二烯的第三冷凝物流和包含二氧化碳和氢气的废气流; （g）从第二冷凝物流中除去水并将第二冷凝物流和第三冷凝物流合并以形成包含正丁烷和丁二烯的C 4烃流; 和（h）分离C 4 O 4烃流以形成包含正丁烷和包含丁二烯的产物流的再循环料流; 其中所述再循环流的至少一部分被供给到所述第一脱氢区。

4. 发明授权

US07157403B2 Catalyst-precursor for the production of maleic acid anhydride and method for the production thereof 失效
标题翻译：用于生产马来酸酐的催化剂前体及其制备方法
公开(公告)号：US07157403B2
公开(公告)日：2007-01-02
申请号：US10507609
申请日：2003-03-12
申请人： Jens Weiguny , Sebastian Storck , Mark Duda , Cornelia Dobner
发明人： Jens Weiguny , Sebastian Storck , Mark Duda , Cornelia Dobner
IPC分类号： B01J27/198 , C07D307/60
CPC分类号： C07C51/252 , B01J23/002 , B01J27/198 , B01J35/1014 , B01J35/1038 , B01J37/0009 , B01J37/009 , B01J37/08 , B01J2523/00 , C07C51/215 , C07C57/145 , B01J2523/51 , B01J2523/55
摘要： A process for preparing a vanadium, phosphorus, and oxygen catalyst precursor for preparing maleic anhydride by heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase oxidation of a hydrocarbon having at least four carbon atoms, by reacting vanadium pentoxide (I) in the presence of a primary or secondary, noncyclic or cyclic, unbranched or branched, saturated alcohol having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms (II) with a pentavalent or trivalent phosphorus compound (III) in a temperature range from 80 to 160° C. with stirring and subsequently filtering the resultant suspension, in which (a) the way in which the phosphorus compound (III) and the vanadium pentoxide (I) are combined in the presence of the alcohol (II), (b) the action of a stirring power of from 0.01 to 0.6 W/kg suspension, and/or (c) the filtration at a temperature from 65° C. to 160° C. are used to set a filtration resistance αH·η of
摘要翻译：通过在一次或二次存在下使五氧化二钒（I）反应，通过使具有至少四个碳原子的烃的非均相催化气相氧化来制备用于制备马来酸酐的钒，磷和氧催化剂前体的方法，具有3至6个碳原子的非环状或环状，无支链或支链的饱和醇（II）与五价或三价磷化合物（III）在80至160℃的温度范围内搅拌并随后过滤得到的悬浮液，其中（a）在醇（II）的存在下将磷化合物（III）和五氧化二钒（I）组合的方式，（b）搅拌功率为0.01至0.6W / kg悬浮液，和/或（c）在65℃至160℃的温度下进行过滤，以设定过滤阻力<50％ / SUP> mPa.s / m 2; 从该方法获得的催化剂前体; 从催化剂前体制备催化剂的方法; 可从该方法获得的催化剂; 以及在该催化剂上制备马来酐的方法。

5. 发明授权

US07060649B2 Method for the production of a catalyst containing vanadium, phosphorus, and oxygen 失效
标题翻译：用于生产含有钒，磷和氧的催化剂的方法
公开(公告)号：US07060649B2
公开(公告)日：2006-06-13
申请号：US10507601
申请日：2003-03-12
申请人： Jens Weiguny , Sebastian Storck , Mark Duda , Cornelia Dobner , Raimund Felder
发明人： Jens Weiguny , Sebastian Storck , Mark Duda , Cornelia Dobner , Raimund Felder
IPC分类号： B01J27/198 , B30B15/30 , F16P3/00 , F16P3/18 , F16P3/05
CPC分类号： B01J8/10 , B01J8/067 , B01J19/22 , B01J27/198 , B01J35/023 , B01J35/026 , B01J35/1014 , B01J35/1038 , B01J37/0009 , B01J37/08 , B01J37/14 , B01J37/18 , B01J2208/00849 , B01J2208/00876 , B01J2219/182 , C07C51/215 , C07C51/252 , C07C57/145
摘要： Disclosed is a method for producing a catalyst containing vanadium, phosphorus, and oxygen, which is used for oxidizing the gas phase of a hydrocarbon having at least four carbon atoms to maleic anhydride. According to the inventive method, a corresponding catalyst precursor which contains vanadium, phosphorus, and oxygen and is provided with particles having an average diameter of at least 2 mm is converted into a catalytically active form by means of calcination, and a flow of the catalyst precursor is transported on a conveyor belt across at least one calcination area over a distance 1n at an essentially steady speed in order to be calcinated. The variation over time of the gas temperature in relation to the set point value amounts to ≦5° C. at each position in the area of the flow of the catalyst precursor, which lies within the second half 1n/2 of the calcination area, while the local difference in the gas temperature between any positions in the area of the flow of the catalyst precursor, which is located within the second half 1n/2 of the calcination area, amounts to ≦5° C.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于生产含有钒，磷和氧的催化剂的方法，其用于将具有至少四个碳原子的烃的气相氧化为马来酸酐。根据本发明的方法，将含有钒，磷和氧并且具有平均直径至少为2mm的颗粒的相应催化剂前体通过煅烧转化为催化活性形式，并且催化剂流前驱体在传送带上以基本上稳定的速度穿过至少一个煅烧区域在距离1＆lt; N＆gt;运输，以便被煅烧。气体温度随时间的变化相对于设定点值在催化剂前体的流动区域内的每个位置处为<= 5℃，位于第二半 SUB> / 2，而位于催化剂前体的流动区域内的任何位置之间的气体温度的局部差异位于第二半煅烧面积等于<= 5℃

6. 发明授权

US06210557B1 Electrocatalytic selective oxidation of hydrocarbons 失效
标题翻译：碳氢化合物的电催化选择性氧化
公开(公告)号：US06210557B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-03
申请号：US09395214
申请日：1999-09-14
申请人： Guido Stochniol , Mark Duda , Adolf Kuehnle
发明人： Guido Stochniol , Mark Duda , Adolf Kuehnle
IPC分类号： C25B300
CPC分类号： C25B3/02 , C25B11/0452 , C25B11/0463 , C25B13/04 , H01M4/9025 , H01M4/9033 , H01M8/1213 , H01M8/1246 , Y02E60/525 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A process for the electrochemical oxidation of organic compounds, wherein the anode material used is a mixed oxide of formula (I) MoaBibX1cX2dX3eX4fX5gOh (I) where X1 is V, Nb, Cr, W, Ta, Ga, Ce, and/or La; X2 is Li, La, K, Rb, Cs, Cu, Ag, Au, Pd and/or Pt; X3 is Fe, Co, Ni and/or Zn; X4 is Sn, Rb, Sb and/or Te; X5 is Ti, Zr, Si and/or Al; and where a is 0-3; b is 0-3; c is 0-12.5; d is 0-5; e is 0-1.5; f is 0-1; and g is 0-25 with the proviso that a+d≧0.15.
摘要翻译：一种用于有机化合物的电化学氧化的方法，其中所用的阳极材料是式（I）的混合氧化物，其中X 1是V，Nb，Cr，W，Ta，Ga，Ce和/或La; X2是Li，La，K，Rb，Cs，Cu，Ag，Au，Pd和/或Pt; X3是Fe，Co，Ni和/或Zn; X4是Sn，Rb，Sb和/或Te; X5是Ti，Zr，Si和/或Al; 而a为0-3; b为0-3; c为0-12.5; d为0-5; e为0-1.5; f为0-1; 而g为0-25，条件是a + d> = 0.15。

7. 发明授权

US07488858B2 Method for the production of butadiene 有权
标题翻译：生产丁二烯的方法
公开(公告)号：US07488858B2
公开(公告)日：2009-02-10
申请号：US10584785
申请日：2004-12-30
申请人： Thorsten Johann , Götz-Peter Schindler , Andreas Brodhagen , Sven Crone , Mark Duda
发明人： Thorsten Johann , Götz-Peter Schindler , Andreas Brodhagen , Sven Crone , Mark Duda
IPC分类号： C07C5/333
CPC分类号： C07C5/333 , C07C5/48 , C07C11/167
摘要： The disclosure involves a process for preparing butadiene from n-butane. In the process, n-butane is first dehydrogenated autothermally under nonoxidative conditions to form a gas stream. The gas stream is then oxidatively dehydrogenated to form a second gas stream. From the second gas stream, a third gas stream containing n-butane, 2-butene and butadiene is obtained. From the third gas stream, a butadiene/butaine product stream is obtained and remaining n-butane and 2-butene is recycled into the first dehydrogenation zone.
摘要翻译：本公开涉及从正丁烷制备丁二烯的方法。在此过程中，正丁烷首先在非氧化条件下自热脱氢形成气流。然后将气流氧化脱氢以形成第二气流。从第二气流中获得含有正丁烷，2-丁烯和丁二烯的第三气流。从第三气流中获得丁二烯/丁内酯产物流，并将剩余的正丁烷和2-丁烯再循环到第一脱氢区中。

8. 发明申请

US20070167661A1 Method for the production of butadiene 有权
标题翻译：生产丁二烯的方法
公开(公告)号：US20070167661A1
公开(公告)日：2007-07-19
申请号：US10584758
申请日：2004-12-30
申请人： Thorsten Johann , Gotz-Peter Schindler , Andreas Brodhagen , Sven Crone , Regina Benfer , Thomas Hill , Mark Duda
发明人： Thorsten Johann , Gotz-Peter Schindler , Andreas Brodhagen , Sven Crone , Regina Benfer , Thomas Hill , Mark Duda
IPC分类号： C07C5/327
CPC分类号： C07C5/333 , C07C5/48 , C07C11/167
摘要： The invention relates to a process for preparing butadiene from n-butane having the steps of A) providing a feed gas stream a comprising n-butane; B) feeding the feed gas stream a comprising n-butane into at least one first dehydrogenation zone and nonoxidatively catalytically dehydrogenating n-butane to obtain a product gas stream b comprising n-butane, 1-butene, 2-butene, butadiene, hydrogen, low-boiling secondary constituents and in some cases steam; C) feeding the product gas stream b of the nonoxidative catalytic dehydrogenation and an oxygenous gas into at least one second dehydrogenation zone and oxidatively dehydrogenating 1-butene and 2-butene to obtain a product gas stream c comprising n-butane, 2-butene, butadiene, hydrogen, low-boiling secondary constituents and steam, said product gas stream c having a higher content of butadiene than the product gas stream b; D) removing hydrogen, the low-boiling secondary constituents and steam to obtain a C4 product gas stream d substantially consisting of n-butane, 2-butene and butadiene; E) separating the C4 product gas stream d into a recycle stream e1 consisting substantially of n-butane and 2-butene and a stream e2 consisting substantially of butadiene by extractively distilling and recycling the stream e1 into the first dehydrogenation zone; F) if desired, feeding some or all of the stream e2 consisting substantially of butadiene into a selective hydrogenation zone and selectively hydrogenating butadiene to 1- and/or 2-butene to obtain a stream f comprising 1-butene and 2-butene; G) if desired, feeding the stream f comprising 1-butene and 2-butene into a distillation zone and removing a product of value stream g1 consisting substantially of 1-butene to leave a stream g2 comprising 2-butene; H) if desired, recycling the stream g2 comprising 2-butene into the first dehydrogenation zone.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种从正丁烷制备丁二烯的方法，该方法具有以下步骤：A）提供包含正丁烷的进料气流a; B）将包含正丁烷的进料气流（a）进料到至少一个第一脱氢区和非氧化催化脱氢的正丁烷中，以获得包含正丁烷，1-丁烯，2-丁烯，丁二烯，氢，低沸点次生成分，有时还有蒸汽; C）将非氧化催化脱氢的产物气流b和氧气输送到至少一个第二脱氢区，并使1-丁烯和2-丁烯氧化脱氢得到包含正丁烷，2-丁烯，丁二烯，氢，低沸点二次成分和蒸汽，所述产物气流c具有比产物气流b更高含量的丁二烯; D）除去氢气，低沸点次级组分和蒸汽，得到基本上由正丁烷，2-丁烯和丁二烯组成的C 4 H 4产物气流d; E）将C 4 H 4产物气流d分离成基本上由正丁烷和2-丁烯组成的循环流e1和基本上由丁二烯组成的物流e2，通过萃取蒸馏并将流e1再循环到第一个脱氢区; F）如果需要，将基本上由丁二烯组成的一些或全部流e2加入到选择性氢化区中，并将丁二烯选择性氢化为1-和/或2-丁烯，以获得包含1-丁烯和2-丁烯的料流f; 如果需要，将包含1-丁烯和2-丁烯的料流f加入到蒸馏区中并除去基本上由1-丁烯组成的物流g1的产物以留下包含2-丁烯的料流g2; H）如果需要，将包含2-丁烯的料流g2再循环到第一脱氢区中。

9. 发明申请

US20070161842A1 Method for the production of butadiene and 1-butene 有权
标题翻译：制备丁二烯和1-丁烯的方法
公开(公告)号：US20070161842A1
公开(公告)日：2007-07-12
申请号：US10584783
申请日：2004-12-30
申请人： Thorsten Johann , Gotz-Peter Schindler , Andreas Brodhagen , Sven Crone , Regina Benfer , Marcus Sigl , Mark Duda
发明人： Thorsten Johann , Gotz-Peter Schindler , Andreas Brodhagen , Sven Crone , Regina Benfer , Marcus Sigl , Mark Duda
IPC分类号： C07C5/327 , C07C1/00
CPC分类号： C07C5/327 , C07C5/333 , C07C5/48 , C07C11/167
摘要： The invention relates to a process for preparing butadiene from n-butane having the steps of A) providing a feed gas stream a comprising n-butane; B) feeding the feed gas stream a comprising n-butane into at least one first dehydrogenation zone and nonoxidatively catalytically dehydrogenating n-butane to obtain a product gas stream b comprising n-butane, 1-butene, 2-butene, butadiene, hydrogen, low-boiling secondary constituents and in some cases steam; C) feeding the product gas stream b of the nonoxidative catalytic dehydrogenation and an oxygenous gas into at least one second dehydrogenation zone and oxidatively dehydrogenating n-butane, 1-butene and 2-butene to obtain a product gas stream c comprising n-butane, 2-butene, butadiene, low-boiling secondary constituents and steam, said product gas stream c having a higher content of butadiene than the product gas stream b; D) removing the low-boiling secondary constituents and steam to obtain a C4 product gas stream d substantially consisting of n-butane, 2-butene and butadiene; E) separating the C4 product gas stream d into a stream e1 consisting substantially of n-butane and 2-butene and a product of value stream e2 consisting substantially of butadiene by extractive distillation; F) feeding the stream e1 consisting substantially of n-butane and 2-butene and a cycle stream g comprising 1-butene and 2-butene into a distillation zone and separating into a 1-butene-rich product of value stream f1, a recycle stream f2 comprising 2-butene and n-butane and a stream f3 comprising 2-butene, and recycling the recycle stream f2 into the first dehydrogenation zone; G) feeding the stream f3 comprising 2-butene into an isomerization zone and isomerizing 2-butene to 1-butene to obtain a cycle stream g comprising 1-butene and 2-butene, and recycling the cycle gas stream g into the distillation zone.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种从正丁烷制备丁二烯的方法，该方法具有以下步骤：A）提供包含正丁烷的进料气流a; B）将包含正丁烷的进料气流（a）进料到至少一个第一脱氢区和非氧化催化脱氢的正丁烷中，以获得包含正丁烷，1-丁烯，2-丁烯，丁二烯，氢，低沸点次生成分，有时还有蒸汽; C）将非氧化催化脱氢的产物气流b和氧气输送到至少一个第二脱氢区，并使正丁烷，1-丁烯和2-丁烯氧化脱氢得到包含正丁烷的产物气流c，丁二烯，低沸点二次成分和蒸汽，所述产物气流c具有比产物气流b更高含量的丁二烯; D）除去低沸点二次成分和蒸汽，得到基本上由正丁烷，2-丁烯和丁二烯组成的C 4 H 4产物气流d; E）将C 4 H 4产物气流d分离成基本上由正丁烷和2-丁烯组成的物流e1和通过萃取蒸馏基本上由丁二烯组成的价值流e2的产物; F）将基本上由正丁烷和2-丁烯组成的流e1和包含1-丁烯和2-丁烯的循环流g加入到蒸馏区中并分离成价值流f1的富含1-丁烯的产物，再循环包含2-丁烯和正丁烷的料流f2和包含2-丁烯的料流f3，并将再循环料流f2再循环到第一脱氢区中; G）将包含2-丁烯的料流f3进料到异构化区并将2-丁烯异构化成1-丁烯，得到包含1-丁烯和2-丁烯的循环流g，并将循环气流g再循环到蒸馏区中。

10. 发明授权

US07169732B2 Catalyst-precursor for the production of maleic acid anhydride and method for the production thereof 有权
标题翻译：用于生产马来酸酐的催化剂前体及其制备方法
公开(公告)号：US07169732B2
公开(公告)日：2007-01-30
申请号：US10507610
申请日：2003-03-12
申请人： Jens Weiguny , Sebastian Storck , Mark Duda , Cornelia Dobner
发明人： Jens Weiguny , Sebastian Storck , Mark Duda , Cornelia Dobner
IPC分类号： B01J27/18 , C07D307/60
CPC分类号： C07C51/252 , B01J23/002 , B01J27/198 , B01J35/002 , B01J35/1014 , B01J37/0018 , B01J37/031 , B01J2523/00 , C07C51/215 , C07C57/145 , B01J2523/51 , B01J2523/55
摘要： A process for preparing a vanadium, phosphorus, and oxygen catalyst precursor for preparing maleic anhydride by heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase oxidation of a hydrocarbon having at least four carbon atoms, which comprises (a) reacting vanadium pentoxide with from 102 to 110% strength phosphoric acid in the presence of a primary or secondary, noncyclic or cyclic, unbranched or branched, saturated alcohol having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms in a temperature range from 80 to 160° C.; (b) isolating the precipitate formed; (c) setting an organic carbon content of ≦1.1% by weight in the isolated precipitate by heat treatment in a temperature range from 250 to 350° C., the heat-treated product, following the addition of 3.0% by weight of graphite, giving a powder X-ray diffraction diagram which in the 2θ region features a ratio of the height of the peak of any pyrophosphate phase present at 28.5° to the height of the peak due to the graphite at 26.6° of ≦0.1; and (d) shaping the heat-treated product obtained from step (c) into particles having an averaged diameter of at least 2 mm; a catalyst precursor obtainable from this process; a process for preparing a catalyst from the catalyst precursor; a catalyst obtainable from that process; and also a process for preparing maleic anhydride over that catalyst.
摘要翻译：一种制备用于通过异构催化气相氧化具有至少四个碳原子的烃来制备马来酸酐的钒，磷和氧催化剂前体的方法，其包括（a）使五氧化二钒与102-110％强度的磷酸在80至160℃的温度范围内在具有3至6个碳原子的伯或仲，非环或环状，无支链或支链的饱和醇存在下进行酸反应。（b）分离形成的沉淀物; （c）通过在250-350℃的温度范围内通过热处理将分离的沉淀物中的有机碳含量<= 1.1重量％设定为热处理产物，添加3.0重量％的石墨，给出粉末X射线衍射图，其在2θ区域的特征是存在于28.5°的任何焦磷酸盐相的峰的高度与由于石灰在26.6°<= 0.1处的峰的高度之比; 和（d）将由步骤（c）获得的热处理产物成型为具有至少2mm的平均直径的颗粒; 从该方法获得的催化剂前体; 从催化剂前体制备催化剂的方法; 可从该方法获得的催化剂; 以及在该催化剂上制备马来酸酐的方法。

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