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1. 发明授权

US06594627B1 Methods and apparatus for lattice-structured multiple description vector quantization coding 有权
标题翻译：网格结构多重描述矢量量化编码方法与装置
公开(公告)号：US06594627B1
公开(公告)日：2003-07-15
申请号：US09533232
申请日：2000-03-23
申请人： Vivek K. Goyal , Jonathan Adam Kelner , Jelena Kovacevic
发明人： Vivek K. Goyal , Jonathan Adam Kelner , Jelena Kovacevic
IPC分类号： G10L1912
CPC分类号： G10L19/12 , G10L2019/0004
摘要： A lattice-structured multiple description vector quantization (LSMDVQ) encoder generates M descriptions of a signal to be encoded, each of the descriptions being transmittable over a corresponding one of M channels. The encoder is configured based at least in part on a distortion measure which is a function of a central distortion and at least one side distortion. For example, if M=2, the distortion measure may be an average mean-squared error (AMSE) function of the form ƒ(D0, D1, D2), where D0 is a central distortion resulting from reconstruction based on receipt of both a first and a second description, and D1 and D2 are side distortions resulting from reconstruction using only a first description and a second description, respectively. Further performance improvements may be obtained through perturbation of the lattice points. The LSMDVQ techniques of the invention can also be extended to cases of M greater than two, for which the encoder may utilize an ordered set of M codebooks &Lgr;1, &Lgr;2, . . . , &Lgr;M of increasing size, with the coarsest codebook corresponding to a lattice. In such cases, for each number k of descriptions received, there may be a single decoding function that maps the received vector to a corresponding one of the codebooks &Lgr;k, such that reconstruction of the signal requires no more than M such decoding functions.
摘要翻译：格子结构的多描述矢量量化（LSMDVQ）编码器生成要编码的信号的M个描述，每个描述可以通过M个通道中的相应一个传送。该编码器至少部分地基于作为中心失真和至少一个侧面失真的函数的失真度量来配置。例如，如果M = 2，失真测量可以是形式ƒ（D0，D1，D2）的平均均方误差（AMSE）函数，其中D0是基于接收到a 第一和第二描述，D1和D2分别是仅使用第一描述和第二描述的重建产生的侧面失真。通过扰动晶格点可以获得进一步的性能改进。本发明的LSMDVQ技术也可以扩展到大于2的M的情况，编码器可以使用M个码本LAMBD1，LAMBD2的有序集合。。。，LAMBDM的尺寸越来越大，其中最粗的码本对应于格子。在这种情况下，对于接收到的每个k个描述，可以存在将接收到的矢量映射到码本LAMBDk中的相应一个的单个解码功能，使得该信号的重建需要不超过M个这样的解码功能。

2. 发明授权

US06345125B2 Multiple description transform coding using optimal transforms of arbitrary dimension 失效
标题翻译：使用任意维度的最优变换进行多描述变换编码
公开(公告)号：US06345125B2
公开(公告)日：2002-02-05
申请号：US09030488
申请日：1998-02-25
申请人： Vivek K. Goyal , Jelena Kovacevic
发明人： Vivek K. Goyal , Jelena Kovacevic
IPC分类号： G06K936
CPC分类号： H04S1/00
摘要： A multiple description (MD) joint source-channel (JSC) encoder in accordance with the invention encodes n components of a signal for transmission over in channels of a communication medium. In illustrative embodiments, the invention provides optimal or near-optimal transforms for applications in which at least one of n and m is greater than two, and applications in which the failure probabilities of the m channels are non-independent and non-equivalent. The signal to be encoded may be a data signal, a speech signal, an audio signal, an image signal, a video signal or other type of signal, and each of the m channels may correspond to a packet or a group of packets to be transmitted over the medium. A given n×m transform implemented by the MD JSC encoder may be in the form of a cascade structure of several transforms each having dimension less than n×m. The transform may also be configured to provide a substantially equivalent rate for each of the m channels.
摘要翻译：根据本发明的多描述（MD）联合源信道（JSC）编码器编码用于在通信介质的信道中传输的信号的n个分量。在说明性实施例中，本发明为n和m中的至少一个大于2的应用以及m个信道的故障概率是非独立的和非等价的应用提供了最佳或接近最佳的变换。要编码的信号可以是数据信号，语音信号，音频信号，图像信号，视频信号或其他类型的信号，并且每个m个信道可以对应于要被分组的分组或一组分组通过介质传输。由MD JSC编码器实现的给定的nxm变换可以是各自具有小于n×m的维度的几个变换的级联结构的形式。该变换还可以被配置为为m个通道中的每个通道提供基本相等的速率。

3. 发明授权

US06253185B1 Multiple description transform coding of audio using optimal transforms of arbitrary dimension 有权
标题翻译：使用任意维度的最优变换对音频进行多重变换编码
公开(公告)号：US06253185B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-26
申请号：US09190908
申请日：1998-11-12
申请人： Ramon Arean , Vivek K. Goyal , Jelena Kovacevic
发明人： Ramon Arean , Vivek K. Goyal , Jelena Kovacevic
IPC分类号： G01L1900
CPC分类号： H04S1/00
摘要： A multiple description (MD) joint source-channel (JSC) encoder in accordance with the invention encodes n components of an audio signal for transmission over m channels of a communication medium, where n and m may take on any desired values. In an illustrative embodiment, the encoder combines a multiple description transform coder with elements of a perceptual audio coder (PAC). The encoder is configured to select one or more transform parameters for a multiple description transform, based on a characteristic of the audio signal to be encoded. For example, the transform parameters may be selected such that the resulting transformed coefficients have a variance distribution of a type expected by a subsequent entropy coding operation. The components of the audio signal may be quantized coefficients separated into a number of factor bands, and the transform parameter for a given factor band may be set to a value determined based on a transform parameter from at least one other factor band, e.g., the previous factor band. As another example, the transform parameter for one or more of the factor bands may be selected based on a determination as to whether the audio signal to be encoded is of a particular predetermined type. A desired variance distribution may also be obtained for the transformed coefficients by, e.g., pairing or otherwise grouping coefficients such that the coefficients of each pair or group are required to be in the same factor band.
摘要翻译：根据本发明的多描述（MD）联合源信道（JSC）编码器编码音频信号的n个分量，用于在通信介质的m个信道上进行传输，其中n和m可以采用任何期望的值。在说明性实施例中，编码器将多重描述变换编码器与感知音频编码器（PAC）的元件组合。编码器被配置为基于要编码的音频信号的特性来选择用于多描述变换的一个或多个变换参数。例如，可以选择变换参数，使得所得到的经变换的系数具有由后续熵编码操作所期望的类型的方差分布。音频信号的分量可以是分离成多个因子频带的量化系数，并且给定因子频带的变换参数可以被设置为基于来自至少一个其他因子频带的变换参数确定的值，例如，以前的因子带。作为另一示例，可以基于关于要编码的音频信号是否是特定预定类型的确定来选择一个或多个因子频带的变换参数。也可以通过例如配对或以其他方式对系数进行分组来获得变换系数的期望方差分布，使得每对或组的系数被要求处于相同的因子带中。

4. 发明授权

US06983243B1 Methods and apparatus for wireless transmission using multiple description coding 有权
标题翻译：使用多重描述编码的无线传输方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06983243B1
公开(公告)日：2006-01-03
申请号：US09698437
申请日：2000-10-27
申请人： Vivek K. Goyal , Jelena Kovacevic , Francois Masson
发明人： Vivek K. Goyal , Jelena Kovacevic , Francois Masson
IPC分类号： G10L19/22 , H04B1/69 , H04B7/02
CPC分类号： H04L1/0057 , H03M7/30
摘要： A multiple description coder generates a number of different descriptions of a given portion of a signal in a wireless communication system, using multiple description scalar quantization (MDSQ) or another type of multiple description coding. The different descriptions of the given portion of the signal are then arranged into packets such that at least a first description of the given portion is placed in a first packet and a second description is placed in a second packet. Each of the packets are then transmitted using a frequency hopping modulator, and the hopping rate of the modulator is selected or otherwise configured based at least in part on the number of descriptions generated for the different portions of the signal. For example, in an embodiment in which two descriptions are generated for each portion of the signal, a first description for a current one of the portions of the signal is placed in a current packet along with a second one of the descriptions for a previous portion of the signal, and the frequency hopping rate of the modulator is doubled relative to a hopping rate used for single description transmission.
摘要翻译：多描述编码器使用多描述标量量化（MDSQ）或另一类型的多描述编码来生成无线通信系统中信号的给定部分的多个不同描述。信号的给定部分的不同描述然后被布置成分组，使得给定部分的至少第一描述被放置在第一分组中，并且第二描述被放置在第二分组中。然后使用跳频调制器发送每个分组，并且至少部分地基于为信号的不同部分生成的描述的数量来选择或以其他方式配置调制器的跳频速率。例如，在对信号的每个部分生成两个描述的实施例中，对信号的当前部分的第一描述被放置在当前分组中，以及对于前一部分的第二描述的信号，并且调制器的跳频率相对于用于单个描述传输的跳频速率加倍。

5. 发明授权

US06330370B2 Multiple description transform coding of images using optimal transforms of arbitrary dimension 有权
标题翻译：使用任意维度的最优变换对图像进行多描述变换编码
公开(公告)号：US06330370B2
公开(公告)日：2001-12-11
申请号：US09163655
申请日：1998-09-30
申请人： Vivek K. Goyal , Jelena Kovacevic , Martin Vetterli
发明人： Vivek K. Goyal , Jelena Kovacevic , Martin Vetterli
IPC分类号： G06K936
CPC分类号： H04S1/00
摘要： A multiple description (MD) joint source-channel (JSC) encoder in accordance with the invention encodes n components of an image signal for transmission over m channels of a communication medium. In an illustrative embodiment which uses statistical redundancy between the different descriptions of the image signal, the encoder forms vectors from transform coefficients of the image signal separated both in frequency and in space. The vectors may be formed such that the spatial separation between the transform coefficients is maximized. A correlating transform is then applied, followed by entropy coding, grouping as a function of frequency, and application of a cascade transform. In an illustrative embodiment which uses deterministic redundancy between the different descriptions of the image signal, the encoder may apply a linear transform, followed by quantization, to generate the multiple descriptions of the image signal. For example, vectors may be formed from transform coefficients of the image signal so as to include coefficients of like frequency separated in space. The vectors are expanded by multiplication with a frame operator, and then quantized using a step size which may be a function of frequency.
摘要翻译：根据本发明的多描述（MD）联合源信道（JSC）编码器对通信介质的m个信道上的图像信号的n个分量进行编码以进行传输。在使用图像信号的不同描述之间的统计冗余的说明性实施例中，编码器从在频率和空间中分离的图像信号的变换系数形成向量。可以形成向量，使得变换系数之间的空间间隔最大化。然后应用相关变换，随后进行熵编码，作为频率的函数的分组以及级联变换的应用。在使用图像信号的不同描述之间的确定性冗余的说明性实施例中，编码器可以应用线性变换，随后进行量化，以产生图像信号的多个描述。例如，矢量可以由图像信号的变换系数形成，以便包括在空间中分离的相似频率的系数。通过与帧运算符相乘来扩展向量，然后使用可能是频率函数的步长进行量化。

6. 发明授权

US06487554B2 Retrieval and matching of color patterns based on a predetermined vocabulary and grammar 有权
公开(公告)号：US06487554B2
公开(公告)日：2002-11-26
申请号：US10020346
申请日：2001-10-30
申请人： S. Kicha Ganapathy , Jianying Hu , Jelena Kovacevic , Aleksandra Mojsilovic , Robert James Safranek
发明人： S. Kicha Ganapathy , Jianying Hu , Jelena Kovacevic , Aleksandra Mojsilovic , Robert James Safranek
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F17/30262 , G06F17/3025 , G06K9/626 , Y10S707/99932 , Y10S707/99933 , Y10S707/99936 , Y10S707/99945 , Y10S707/99948
摘要： The invention provides a perceptually-based system for pattern retrieval and matching, suitable for use in a wide variety of information processing applications. An illustrative embodiment of the system uses a predetermined vocabulary comprising one or more dimensions to extract color and texture information from an information signal, e.g., an image, selected by a user. The system then generates a distance measure characterizing the relationship of the selected image to another image stored in a database, by applying a grammar, comprising a set of predetermined rules, to the color and texture information extracted from the selected image and corresponding color and texture information associated with the stored image. The vocabulary may include dimensions such as overall color, directionality and orientation, regularity and placement, color purity, and pattern complexity and heaviness. The rules in the grammar may include equal pattern, overall appearance, similar pattern, and dominant color and general impression, with each of the rules expressed as a logical combination of values generated for one or more of the dimensions. The distance measure may include separate color and texture metrics characterizing the similarity of the respective color and texture of the two images being compared. The invention is also applicable to other types of information signals, such as sequences of video frames.

7. 发明授权

US5490233A Method and apparatus for reducing correlated errors in subband coding systems with quantizers 失效
标题翻译：用量化器减少子带编码系统中的相关误差的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5490233A
公开(公告)日：1996-02-06
申请号：US321375
申请日：1994-10-11
申请人： Jelena Kovacevic
发明人： Jelena Kovacevic
IPC分类号： G10L19/02 , H03M7/30 , H03M7/38 , H04B1/66 , H04N1/41 , G10L7/00
CPC分类号： H04B1/667
摘要： A method and apparatus for reducing correlated errors in subband coding systems with quantizers is disclosed. A subband coding system comprises a plurality of subband analysis filters to divide the frequency spectrum of the input signal into subbands, individual subband quantizers for coding each subband by a preselected number of quantization levels, corresponding subband decoders and subband synthesis filters. The transfer function of each of the subband synthesis filters is advantageously determined based on the transfer functions of the subband analysis filters as well as on the characteristics of the quantizer used to code the corresponding subband. Specifically, the synthesis filter transfer functions may be based on a perfect reconstruction filter bank or a quadrature mirror filter bank, as well as on the gain factors of a gain plus additive noise linear model for the Lloyd-Max quantizers used to code the corresponding subbands. That portion of the error between the input signal and the replica signal as reconstructed by the system which is correlated to the input signal may be advantageously reduced or eliminated, irrespective of that portion of the error which is uncorrelated to the input signal. Thus, the total error in a final signal may be advantageously reduced by the subsequent application of prior art techniques for the reduction of random, uncorrelated noise.
摘要翻译：公开了一种通过量化器减少子带编码系统中的相关误差的方法和装置。子带编码系统包括多个子带分析滤波器，用于将输入信号的频谱划分为子带，用于通过预选数量的量化级别对每个子带进行编码的各个子带量化器，对应的子带解码器和子带合成滤波器。有利地，基于子带分析滤波器的传递函数以及用于对相应子带进行编码的量化器的特性来确定每个子带合成滤波器的传递函数。具体来说，合成滤波器传递函数可以基于完美重构滤波器组或正交镜滤波器组，以及用于对用于对相应子带进行编码的Lloyd-Max量化器的增益乘以噪声线性模型的增益因子。无论与输入信号不相关的那部分误差，可以有利地减少或消除输入信号和由系统重构的与输入信号相关的复制信号之间的误差部分。因此，通过随后应用用于减少随机，不相关噪声的现有技术来减少最终信号中的总误差。

8. 发明授权

US10136116B2 Object segmentation from light field data 有权
公开(公告)号：US10136116B2
公开(公告)日：2018-11-20
申请号：US15253037
申请日：2016-08-31
申请人： Ivana Tosic , Anupama Kuruvilla , Kathrin Berkner , Jelena Kovacevic
发明人： Ivana Tosic , Anupama Kuruvilla , Kathrin Berkner , Jelena Kovacevic
IPC分类号： G06K9/34 , H04N13/128 , G06T7/557 , G06T7/149 , G06T7/11 , G06T7/12 , H04N13/00 , G06T7/162
摘要： A scene is segmented into objects based on light field data for the scene, including based on image pixel values (e.g., intensity) and disparity map(s). In one aspect, the light field data is used to estimate one or more disparity maps for the scene taken from different viewpoints. The scene is then segmented into a plurality of regions that correspond to objects in the scene. Unlike other approaches, the regions can be variable-depth. In one approach, the regions are defined by boundaries. The boundaries are determined by varying the boundary to optimize an objective function for the region defined by the boundary. The objective function is based in part on a similarity function that measures a similarity of image pixel values for pixels within the boundary and also measures a similarity of disparities for pixels within the boundary.

9. 发明授权

US06249797B1 Interpolating filter banks in arbitrary dimensions 有权
标题翻译：在任意维度上插入滤波器组
公开(公告)号：US06249797B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-19
申请号：US09253410
申请日：1999-02-17
申请人： Jelena Kovacevic , Wim Sweldens
发明人： Jelena Kovacevic , Wim Sweldens
IPC分类号： G06F1710
CPC分类号： G06T3/4007 , G06T3/4084
摘要： Interpolating filter banks are constructed for use with signals which may be represented as a lattice of arbitrary dimension d. The filter banks include M channels, where M is greater than or equal to two. A given filter bank is built by first computing a set of shifts &tgr;i as D−1ti, i=1, 2, . . . M−1, where ti is a set of coset representatives taken from a unit cell of the input signal lattice, and D is a dilation matrix having a determinant equal to M. A polynomial interpolation algorithm is then applied to determine weights for a set of M−1 predict filters Pi having the shifts &tgr;i. A corresponding set of update filters Ui are then selected as Ui=Pi*|M, where Pi* is the adjoint of the predict filter Pi. The resulting predict and update filters are arranged in a lifting structure such that each of the predict and update filters are associated with a pair of the M channels of the filter bank. The input signal applied to the filter bank is downsampled in each of the M channels, and then interpolated using the M−1 predict filters and the M−1 update filters. The downsampled and interpolated signal may be reconstructed using complementary interpolation and upsampling operations.
摘要翻译：内插滤波器组被构造为与可以表示为任意维度d的格子的信号一起使用。滤波器组包括M个通道，其中M大于或等于2。给定的滤波器组是通过首先计算一组移位而构建的，其中i为D-1ti，i = 1,2。。。 M-1，其中ti是从输入信号格的单位单元获取的一组陪集代表，D是具有等于M的行列式的扩张矩阵。然后应用多项式插值算法来确定一组 M-1预测具有位移的滤波器Pi; i。然后将相应的一组更新滤波器Ui选择为Ui = Pi * | M，其中Pi *是预测滤波器Pi的伴随。所得到的预测和更新滤波器被布置在提升结构中，使得每个预测和更新滤波器与滤波器组的一对M个通道相关联。施加到滤波器组的输入信号在每个M个通道中进行下采样，然后使用M-1预测滤波器和M-1更新滤波器进行内插。下采样和内插信号可以使用互补插值和上采样操作来重建。

10. 发明申请

US20170256059A1 Object Segmentation from Light Field Data 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：US20170256059A1
公开(公告)日：2017-09-07
申请号：US15253037
申请日：2016-08-31
申请人： Ivana Tosic , Anupama Kuruvilla , Kathrin Berkner , Jelena Kovacevic
发明人： Ivana Tosic , Anupama Kuruvilla , Kathrin Berkner , Jelena Kovacevic
IPC分类号： G06T7/00 , G06T7/20
CPC分类号： H04N13/128 , G06T7/11 , G06T7/12 , G06T7/149 , G06T7/162 , G06T7/557 , G06T2200/04 , G06T2200/21 , G06T2207/10052 , G06T2207/20016 , H04N2013/0081
摘要： A scene is segmented into objects based on light field data for the scene, including based on image pixel values (e.g., intensity) and disparity map(s). In one aspect, the light field data is used to estimate one or more disparity maps for the scene taken from different viewpoints. The scene is then segmented into a plurality of regions that correspond to objects in the scene. Unlike other approaches, the regions can be variable-depth. In one approach, the regions are defined by boundaries. The boundaries are determined by varying the boundary to optimize an objective function for the region defined by the boundary. The objective function is based in part on a similarity function that measures a similarity of image pixel values for pixels within the boundary and also measures a similarity of disparities for pixels within the boundary.

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