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1. 发明授权

US06338785B1 Start-up of aluminum electrowinning cells 失效
标题翻译：铝电解池的启动
公开(公告)号：US06338785B1
公开(公告)日：2002-01-15
申请号：US09290766
申请日：1999-04-13
申请人： Vittorio de Nora , Jainagesh Akkaraju Sekhar , Jean-Jacques Duruz , James Jeng Liu
发明人： Vittorio de Nora , Jainagesh Akkaraju Sekhar , Jean-Jacques Duruz , James Jeng Liu
IPC分类号： C25C306
CPC分类号： C25C3/06
摘要： A method of protecting a cathode during the start-up procedure of an aluminum electrowinning cell where the cathode is optionally coated with an aluminium-wettable refractory material and when in use, aluminium is produced thereon. The start-up procedure comprises applying, before preheating the cell, one or more start-up layers in intimate contact on the aluminium-wettable refractory coating which form(s) a temporary protection against damage of chemical and/or mechanical origin to the aluminium-wettable coating; this temporary protection being eliminated before or during the initial normal cell operation. The temporary protection layers may be obtained from at least one pliable aluminium foil having a thickness of less than 0.1 mm and/or an applied aluminium-containing metallization, optionally in combination with inter alia a boron-containing solution, a polymer, a phosphates of aluminium-containing solution, or a colloid that gels while preheating the cell, or combinations thereof.
摘要翻译：一种在铝电解冶金池的启动过程中保护阴极的方法，其中阴极任选地涂覆有铝可湿性耐火材料，并且在使用时在其上制备铝。启动程序包括在预热电池之前将一个或多个启动层紧密接触在铝可湿性耐火涂层上，其形成临时保护以防止化学和/或机械原因损坏铝润湿涂层; 这种临时保护在初始正常小区操作之前或期间被消除。临时保护层可以从厚度小于0.1mm的至少一个柔韧的铝箔和/或施加的含铝金属化物获得，任选地特别地与含硼溶液，聚合物，磷酸盐含铝溶液或在预热电池时凝胶化的胶体，或其组合。

2. 发明授权

US06436250B1 Slurry and method for producing refractory boride bodies and coatings for aluminium electrowinning cell apparatus 失效
$Slurry and method for producing refractory boride bodies and coatings for aluminium electrowinning cell apparatus$
标题翻译：用于生产耐火硼化物体的泥浆和方法以及用于铝电解电池装置的涂层
公开(公告)号：US06436250B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-20
申请号：US09284524
申请日：1999-06-10
申请人： Jainagesh Akkaraju Sekhar , Jean-Jacques Duruz , James Jeng Liu
发明人： Jainagesh Akkaraju Sekhar , Jean-Jacques Duruz , James Jeng Liu
IPC分类号： C25C300
CPC分类号： C04B35/58078 , C04B35/58064 , C04B35/58071 , C25C3/08
摘要： A refractory boride body or coating made of a boride of titanium, chromium, vanadium, ziconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, molybednum and cerium is produced from a slurry of the refractory boride or a precursor in a collidal carrier preferably composed of two more different grades of the same colloidal carrier selected from colloidal alumina, yttria, ceria, thoria, zirconia, magnesia, lithia, monoaluminum phosphate and cerium acetate. The slurry can also comprise an organic additive selected from polyvinyl alcohol; polyacrylic acid; hydroxyy propyl methyl cellulose; polythylene glycol; ethylene glycol, butyl benzyl phthalate; ammonium polymethacrylate and mixtures thereof. The retractory boride body or coated body is useful as a component of aluminum electrowinning cells.
摘要翻译：由耐火硼化物或前体的浆料中的钛，铬，钒，铌，铪，铌，铌，钽，钼和铈的硼化物制成的耐火硼化物体或涂层由优选由两种不同的选自胶体氧化铝，氧化钇，二氧化铈，氧化钍，氧化锆，氧化镁，锂化合物，磷酸一铝和乙酸铈的相同胶体载体的等级。浆料还可以包含选自聚乙烯醇的有机添加剂; 聚丙烯酸羟基丙基甲基纤维素; 聚乙二醇乙二醇，邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯; 聚甲基丙烯酸铵及其混合物。牵引硼化物体或涂层体可用作铝电解槽的组分。

3. 发明授权

US06783655B2 Slurry and method for producing refractory boride bodies and coatings for use in aluminium electrowinning cells 失效
$Slurry and method for producing refractory boride bodies and coatings for use in aluminium electrowinning cells$
标题翻译：用于生产用于铝电解池的耐火硼化物体和涂层的浆料和方法
公开(公告)号：US06783655B2
公开(公告)日：2004-08-31
申请号：US10183269
申请日：2002-06-27
申请人： Jainagesh Akkaraju Sekhar , Jean-Jacques Duruz , James Jenq Liu
发明人： Jainagesh Akkaraju Sekhar , Jean-Jacques Duruz , James Jenq Liu
IPC分类号： C25C306
CPC分类号： C04B35/58078 , C04B35/58064 , C04B35/58071 , C25C3/08
摘要： A refractory boride body or coating made of a boride of titanium, chromium, vanadium, ziconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, molybednum and cerium is produced from a slurry of the refractory boride or a precursor in a collidal carrier preferably composed of two more different grades of the same colloidal carrier selected from colloidal alumina, yttria, ceria, thoria, zirconia, magnesia, lithia, monoaluminum phosphate and cerium acetate. The slurry can also comprise an organic additive selected from polyvinyl alcohol; polyacrylic acid; hydroxyy propyl methyl cellulose; polythylene glycol; ethylene glycol, butyl benzyl phthalate; ammonium polymethacrylate and mixtures thereof. The retractory boride body or coated body is useful as a component of aluminum electrowinning cells.
摘要翻译：由耐火硼化物或前体的浆料中的钛，铬，钒，铌，铪，铌，铌，钽，钼和铈的硼化物制成的耐火硼化物体或涂层由优选由两种不同的选自胶体氧化铝，氧化钇，二氧化铈，氧化钍，氧化锆，氧化镁，锂化合物，磷酸一铝和乙酸铈的相同胶体载体的等级。浆料还可以包含选自聚乙烯醇的有机添加剂; 聚丙烯酸羟基丙基甲基纤维素; 聚乙二醇乙二醇，邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯; 聚甲基丙烯酸铵及其混合物。牵引硼化物体或涂层体可用作铝电解槽的组分。

4. 发明授权

US06638412B2 Prevention of dissolution of metal-based aluminium production anodes 失效
公开(公告)号：US06638412B2
公开(公告)日：2003-10-28
申请号：US10112673
申请日：2002-03-30
申请人： Vittorio De Nora , Jean-Jacques Duruz
发明人： Vittorio De Nora , Jean-Jacques Duruz
IPC分类号： C25C308
CPC分类号： C25C3/06 , C25C3/08
摘要： A method of inhibiting dissolution of a transition metal alloy anode (40) of an aluminium electrowinning cell comprises providing a sodium-inert layer (11,20,50,50′) on a sodium-active cathodic cell material (15), such as carbon, and electrolysing alumina dissolved in a sodium ion-containing molten electrolyte (30). Aluminium ions rather than sodium ions are cathodically reduced on the sodium-inert layer to inhibit the presence in the molten electrolyte (30) of soluble cathodically-produced sodium metal that constitutes an agent for chemically reducing the anode's transition metal oxides and anodically evolved oxygen, thereby inhibiting reduction of the anode's transition metal oxides by sodium metal and maintaining the evolved oxygen at the anode at a concentration such as to produce at the alloy/oxide layer interface stable and coherent transition metal oxides having a high level of oxidation. The sodium-inert layer may comprise molten aluminium (20) and/or a layer of refractory hard material (11,50,50′).

5. 发明授权

US06372099B1 Cells for the electrowinning of aluminium having dimensionally stable metal-based anodes 失效
标题翻译：用于电沉积具有尺寸稳定的金属阳极的铝的电池
公开(公告)号：US06372099B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-16
申请号：US09126839
申请日：1998-07-30
申请人： Jean-Jacques Duruz , Vittorio de Nora
发明人： Jean-Jacques Duruz , Vittorio de Nora
IPC分类号： C25C308
CPC分类号： C25C3/12 , C25C3/06
摘要： A cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprising one or more anodes, each having a metal-based anode substrate, comprising a metal core covered with an metal layer, an oxygen barrier layer, one or more intermediate layers and an iron layer. The anode substrate is covered with an electrochemically active iron oxide-based outside layer, particularly a hematite-based layer, which remains dimensionally stable during operation in a cell by maintaining in the electrolyte a sufficient concentration of iron species. The cell operating temperature is sufficiently low so the required concentration of iron species in the electrolyte is limited by the reduced solubility of iron species in the electrolyte at the operating temperature, limiting the contamination of the product aluminium by iron to an acceptable level. The iron oxide-based layer is an applied coating or an oxidised surface of a substrate, the surface of which contains iron.
摘要翻译：一种用于电解提取铝的电池，包括一个或多个阳极，每个阳极均具有金属基阳极衬底，包括覆盖有金属层的金属芯，氧阻隔层，一个或多个中间层和铁层。阳极基底被电化学活性氧化铁基外层覆盖，特别是赤铁矿基层，其通过在电解液中维持足够浓度的铁种而在电池操作期间保持尺寸稳定。电池工作温度足够低，因此电解质中所需的铁物质浓度受到在操作温度下铁物质在电解质中的溶解度的限制，从而将产品铝的铁污染限制在可接受的水平。氧化铁基层是基材的涂布或氧化表面，其表面含有铁。

6. 发明授权

US06194096B1 Carbon bodies resistant to deterioration by oxidizing gases 失效
标题翻译：通过氧化气体耐恶化的碳体
公开(公告)号：US06194096B1
公开(公告)日：2001-02-27
申请号：US09101349
申请日：1998-11-25
申请人： Jainagesh A. Sekhar , Vittorio de Nora , Jean-Jacques Duruz
发明人： Jainagesh A. Sekhar , Vittorio de Nora , Jean-Jacques Duruz
IPC分类号： H01M488
CPC分类号： C04B41/009 , C04B41/5006 , C04B41/52 , C04B41/85 , C04B41/89 , C04B2111/00853 , C04B2111/00879 , C25C3/08 , C25C3/125 , C04B41/4535 , C04B41/4572 , C04B41/50 , C04B41/5089 , C04B41/522 , C04B41/5022 , C04B41/507 , C04B35/52 , C04B41/4521 , C04B41/4543 , C04B41/5007
摘要： A carbon body, in particular a prebaked anode of an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum by the electrolysis of alumina in a molten fluoride electrolyte, is treated over its surfaces to improve the resistance thereof to deterioration during operation of the cell by air and oxidizing gases released at the anode, by immersing the body in a treating liquid containing a soluble boron compound and at least one additive from the group consisting of aluminum compounds, calcium compounds, sodium compounds, magnesium compounds, silicon compounds, elemental carbon, and elemental aluminum, said additive being in the form of a powder, in suspension such as a colloid, or in solution, e.g., at 80° to 120° C. The same treatment can also be applied to a carbon mass forming a Söderberg anode and to cell sidewalls. The additives increase strength and improve oxidation resistance compared to impregnation with boric acid alone.
摘要翻译：碳体，特别是用于通过在熔融氟化物电解质中电解氧化铝来生产铝的电解槽的预烘烤阳极在其表面上进行处理，以提高其在空气和氧化下电池操作期间的劣化性通过将体内浸入含有可溶性硼化合物的处理液和至少一种由铝化合物，钙化合物，钠化合物，镁化合物，硅化合物，元素碳和元素铝组成的组中的添加剂而释放出的气体所述添加剂为粉末状，悬浮液如胶体，或在溶液中，例如在80℃至120℃。同样的处理也可应用于形成Söderberg阳极和细胞的碳质量侧壁与单独使用硼酸浸渍相比，添加剂增加了强度并提高了抗氧化性。

7. 发明授权

US5071533A Cathode current collector for aluminum cells 失效
标题翻译：铝电池阴极电流收集器
公开(公告)号：US5071533A
公开(公告)日：1991-12-10
申请号：US466367
申请日：1990-03-15
申请人： Vittorio de Nora , Jean-Jacques Duruz
发明人： Vittorio de Nora , Jean-Jacques Duruz
IPC分类号： C25C20060101 , C25C3/08 , C25C3/16
CPC分类号： C25C3/16 , C25C3/08
摘要： An aluminum production cell with a non-conductive cell bottom composed predominantly of alumina (1) has a plurality of vertical current collector plates or posts (3), e.g., of steel protected at their upper ends by a carbon body (4), e.g., a plate, slab or cap which contacts the cathodic pool of molten aluminum (10).

8. 发明授权

US06783656B2 Low temperature operating cell for the electrowinning of aluminium 失效
标题翻译：用于电解铝的低温操作电池
公开(公告)号：US06783656B2
公开(公告)日：2004-08-31
申请号：US10133198
申请日：2002-04-27
申请人： Vittorio De Nora , Jean-Jacques Duruz
发明人： Vittorio De Nora , Jean-Jacques Duruz
IPC分类号： C25C308
CPC分类号： C25C3/08 , C25C3/06
摘要： A cell for the electrowinning of aluminum using anodes (10) made from a alloy of iron with nickel and/or cobalt is arranged to produce aluminum of low contamination and of commercial high grade quality. The cell comprises a cathode (20) of drained configuration and operates at reduced temperature without formation of a crust or ledge of solidified electrolyte. The cell is thermally insulated using an insulating cover (65,65a,65b,65c) and an insulating sidewall lining (71). The molten electrolyte (30) is substantially saturated with alumina, particularly on the electrochemically active anode surface, and with species of at least one major metal present at the surface of the nickel-iron alloy based anodes (10). The cell is preferably operated at reduced temperature from 730° to 910° C. to limit the solubility of these metal species and consequently the contamination of the product aluminum.
摘要翻译：使用由铁与镍和/或钴的合金制成的阳极（10）电解铝的电池被布置成产生低污染和商业高品质的铝。电池包括排水构造的阴极（20），并且在降低的温度下操作，而不形成凝固电解质的外壳或凸缘。电池使用绝缘盖（65,65a，65b，65c）和绝缘侧壁衬里（71）进行绝热。熔融的电解质（30）基本上被氧化铝饱和，特别是在电化学活性阳极表面上，以及存在于镍 - 铁合金基阳极（10）表面的至少一种主要金属的物质。电池优选在730℃至910℃的低温下操作，以限制这些金属物质的溶解度，从而限制产品铝的污染。

9. 发明授权

US06692620B2 Aluminium electrowinning cell with sidewalls resistant to molten electrolyte 失效
标题翻译：具有抵抗熔融电解质的侧壁的铝电解冶金电池
公开(公告)号：US06692620B2
公开(公告)日：2004-02-17
申请号：US10133982
申请日：2002-04-27
申请人： Jean-Jacques Duruz , Vittorio De Nora , Georges Berclaz
发明人： Jean-Jacques Duruz , Vittorio De Nora , Georges Berclaz
IPC分类号： C25C308
CPC分类号： C25C3/085 , C25C3/08
摘要： A drained cathode cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprises a cell bottom (20) arranged to collect product aluminium and thermic insulating sidewalls (55,55′) lined with a molten electrolyte resistant sidewall lining (50) which is made of material liable to react with molten aluminium, in particular containing silicon carbide, silicon nitride or boron nitride. The thermic insulating sidewalls (55,55′) inhibit formation of an electrolyte crust on the lining (50), whereby the lining (50) is exposed to molten electrolyte. The cell bottom (20) has a peripheral surface from which the insulating sidewalls (55,55′) extend generally vertically to form, with the cell bottom, a trough for containing molten electrolyte and aluminium produced on at least one drained cathode (32). The peripheral surface of the cell bottom (20) is arranged to keep the product aluminium from contacting and reacting with the molten electrolyte resistant sidewall lining (50) above and around the entire peripheral surface.
摘要翻译：用于铝的电解提取的排水阴极单元包括细胞底部（20），其被设置成收集产品铝和热绝缘侧壁（55,55'），所述绝热侧壁（55,55'）内衬有耐熔融电解质侧壁衬套（50），所述侧壁衬垫由易于反应的材料制成与熔融铝，特别是含有碳化硅，氮化硅或氮化硼。热绝缘侧壁（55,55'）阻止在衬里（50）上形成电解质外壳，由此衬里（50）暴露于熔融电解质。电池底部（20）具有外围表面，绝缘侧壁（55,55'）从该表面大致垂直延伸，以在电池底部形成用于容纳在至少一个排出的阴极（32）上产生的熔融电解质和铝的槽，。电池底部（20）的周边表面被布置成使产品铝不会与整个外周表面上方和周围的耐熔融电解质侧壁衬里（50）接触并反应。

10. 发明授权

US06228424B1 Method and apparatus for impregnation of porous bodies for protection against oxidation 失效
标题翻译：用于浸渍多孔体以防止氧化的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06228424B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-08
申请号：US09101417
申请日：1998-07-09
申请人： Vittorio de Nora , Jean-Jacques Duruz , Georges Berclaz
发明人： Vittorio de Nora , Jean-Jacques Duruz , Georges Berclaz
IPC分类号： B05D500
CPC分类号： C04B41/009 , B05C3/09 , C04B41/4572 , C04B41/81 , C04B2111/00853 , C04B2111/00879 , C25C3/08 , C25C3/125 , C04B41/4515 , C04B41/4535 , C04B41/5006 , C04B41/5027 , C04B41/5062 , C04B41/5155 , C04B35/52 , C04B38/00
摘要： An open-pored body (11), in particular a carbon component of an aluminum production cell, which is to be exposed to oxidizing conditions or chemical attack at high temperatures is treated to protect the body against oxidation or corrosion at high temperature by impregnating the surface of the body at about ambient temperature with a hot non-saturated liquid (10). This liquid contains a treating agent at a temperature above the temperature of the body. The concentration of treating agent in the hot liquid is such that when the liquid is cooled, before it reaches the temperature of the body, the liquid saturates and treating agent precipitates. A pressure differential is applied to cause the liquid to impregnate into the surface pores of the body (11) and precipitate a layer of the treating agent from the liquid inside the body by cooling as it impregnates the pores of the body. The treating solution preferably comprises soluble boron compounds and, when the body is exposed to high temperature oxidizing conditions, the precipitated layer of the treating agent inside the body forms a protective, vitreous layer in the surface pores which protects the body against oxidation.
摘要翻译：处理要暴露于氧化条件或高温下的化学侵蚀的开孔机体（11），特别是铝生产电池的碳组分被处理以通过浸渍在高温下来保护机体免受氧化或腐蚀在大约环境温度下用热的非饱和液体（10）将体的表面。该液体在高于身体温度的温度下含有处理剂。处理剂在热液中的浓度使得当液体冷却时，在达到体温之前，液体饱和并且处理剂沉淀。施加压差以使液体浸渍到主体（11）的表面孔中，并且通过在浸渍身体的孔隙时通过冷却从体内的液体中沉淀出一层处理剂。处理溶液优选包含可溶性硼化合物，并且当身体暴露于高温氧化条件下时，体内处理剂的沉淀层在保护身体免受氧化的表面孔中形成保护性玻璃质层。

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