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1. 发明公开

US20240344744A1 SOLVENT CAST ELECTROCALORIC POLYMER FILMS 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：US20240344744A1
公开(公告)日：2024-10-17
申请号：US18755138
申请日：2024-06-26
申请人： UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
发明人： Wei Xie , Subramanyaravi Annapragada , Joseph V. Mantese , Parmesh Verma , Thomas D. Radcliff
IPC分类号： F25B21/00 , B29C41/00 , B29C41/12 , B29L7/00 , H10N15/10
CPC分类号： F25B21/00 , B29C41/003 , B29C41/12 , H10N15/15 , B29K2995/0003 , B29L2007/008 , F25B2321/001 , Y02B30/00
摘要： A method of making an electrocaloric element includes dissolving or dispersing an electrocaloric polymer in an organic solvent having a boiling point of less than 100° C. at 1 atmosphere to form a liquid composition comprising the electrocaloric polymer. A film of the liquid composition is cast on a substrate, and the organic solvent is evaporated to form a film of the electrocaloric polymer. The film is removed from the substrate and disposed between electrical conductors to form an electrocaloric element.

2. 发明授权

US10596526B2 Ion-exchange membrane with molecular barrier 有权
公开(公告)号：US10596526B2
公开(公告)日：2020-03-24
申请号：US15568497
申请日：2015-04-24
申请人： United Technologies Corporation
发明人： Sergei F. Burlatsky , Vadim Atrazhev , Wei Xie , Robert Mason Darling , Michael L. Perry
IPC分类号： B01D71/32 , B01D67/00 , B01D69/02 , C08J5/22 , H01M8/102 , H01M8/1039 , H01M8/1044
摘要： Disclosed is an ion-exchange membrane that includes a molecular barrier for influencing permeation selectivity through the membrane. The membrane includes fluorinated carbon backbone chains and fluorinated side chains that extend off of the fluorinated carbon backbone chains. The fluorinated side chains include acid groups for ionic conductivity. The acid groups surround and define permeable domains that are free of the fluorinated carbon backbone chains. Molecular barriers are located in the permeable domains and influence permeability through the domains.

3. 发明申请

US20160315337A1 REBALANCING ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATION IN FLOW BATTERY USING PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL 审中-公开
标题翻译：使用压力差异流动电池中的电解质浓度重新平衡
公开(公告)号：US20160315337A1
公开(公告)日：2016-10-27
申请号：US15107517
申请日：2013-12-26
申请人： UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
发明人： Michael L. Perry , Andrew Smeltz , Wei Xie
IPC分类号： H01M8/04186 , H01M8/0444 , H01M8/20 , H01M8/04276 , H01M8/04746 , H01M8/18
CPC分类号： H01M8/04186 , H01M8/04276 , H01M8/0444 , H01M8/04783 , H01M8/188 , H01M8/20 , Y02E60/528
摘要： A flow battery that includes an electrochemical cell having first and second half-cells and an ion-selective separator there between wherein a fluid pressure differential across the ion-selective separator for a controlled amount of time is selectively utilized to urge a concentration imbalance of the electrochemically active species between the first and second electrolytes toward a concentration balance.
摘要翻译：一种流动电池，其包括具有第一和第二半电池的电化学电池和其间的离子选择性分离器，其中选择性地利用跨越离子选择性分离器的流体压力差在一定时间内，以促使浓度不平衡第一和第二电解质之间的电化学活性物质朝向浓度平衡。

4. 发明申请

US20160126579A1 FLOW BATTERY WITH HYDRATED ION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE HAVING MAXIMUM WATER DOMAIN CLUSTER SIZES 审中-公开
标题翻译：具有最大水域聚集尺寸的水合离子膜的流动电池
公开(公告)号：US20160126579A1
公开(公告)日：2016-05-05
申请号：US14891013
申请日：2013-05-16
申请人： UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
发明人： Robert Mason Darling , Michael L. Perry , Wei Xie
IPC分类号： H01M8/10 , H01M8/18 , H01M8/20
CPC分类号： H01M8/1067 , H01M8/1023 , H01M8/1039 , H01M8/188 , H01M8/20 , H01M2008/1095 , H01M2300/0082 , Y02E60/528
摘要： A flow battery includes a cell that has a first electrode, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode and an electrolyte separator layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode. A supply/storage system is external of the at least one cell and includes first and second vessels that are fluidly connected with the at least one cell. First and second fluid electrolytes are located in the supply/storage system. The electrolyte separator layer includes a hydrated ion-exchange membrane of a polymer that has a carbon backbone chain and side chains extending from the carbon backbone chain. The side chains include hydrophilic chemical groups with water molecules attached by secondary bonding to form clusters of water domains. The clusters have an average maximum cluster size no greater than 4 nanometers, with an average number of water molecules per hydrophilic chemical group, λ (lambda), being greater than zero.
摘要翻译：流动电池包括具有第一电极，与第一电极间隔开的第二电极和布置在第一电极和第二电极之间的电解质层的电池。供应/存储系统在至少一个单元的外部，并且包括与至少一个单元流体连接的第一和第二容器。第一和第二流体电解质位于供应/储存系统中。电解质隔离层包括聚合物的水合离子交换膜，其具有碳主链和从碳骨架链延伸的侧链。侧链包括具有通过二次键合连接的水分子的亲水化学基团以形成水域簇。这些簇具有不大于4纳米的平均最大簇尺寸，每个亲水化学基团的平均数量的水分子λ（λ）大于零。

5. 发明申请

US20180375008A1 METHOD OF FORMING ELECTRODES ON ELECTROCALORIC FILM 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：US20180375008A1
公开(公告)日：2018-12-27
申请号：US16064812
申请日：2015-12-21
申请人： UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
发明人： Wei Xie , Subramanyaravi Annapragada , Joseph V. Mantese , Parmesh Verma , Thomas D. Radcliff , William A. Rioux
IPC分类号： H01L37/02 , F25B41/04 , F25B49/02 , F25B21/00
摘要： A method of making an electrocaloric element includes forming conductive layers on opposing surfaces of a film comprising an electrocaloric material to form an electrocaloric element, wherein the forming of the conductive layers includes one or more of: vapor deposition of the conductive layers under reduced pressure for a duration of time, wherein the duration of time under reduced pressure is less than 240 minutes; vapor deposition of the conductive layers under reduced pressure for a duration of time, wherein the duration of time of exposure to conductive material deposition is less than 240 minutes; vapor deposition of the conductive layers under reduced pressure, wherein the reduced pressure is 10 torr to 500 torr; or maintaining the film at a temperature of less than or equal to 200° C. during forming of the conductive layers.

6. 发明授权

US12061021B2 Solvent cast electrocaloric polymer films 有权
公开(公告)号：US12061021B2
公开(公告)日：2024-08-13
申请号：US16064784
申请日：2015-12-21
申请人： United Technologies Corporation
发明人： Wei Xie , Subramanyaravi Annapragada , Joseph V. Mantese , Parmesh Verma , Thomas D. Radcliff
IPC分类号： B29C41/00 , B29C41/12 , F25B21/00 , H10N15/10 , B29L7/00
CPC分类号： F25B21/00 , B29C41/003 , B29C41/12 , H10N15/15 , B29K2995/0003 , B29L2007/008 , F25B2321/001 , Y02B30/00
摘要： A method of making an electrocaloric element includes dissolving or dispersing an electrocaloric polymer in an organic solvent having a boiling point of less than 100° C. at 1 atmosphere to form a liquid composition comprising the electrocaloric polymer. A film of the liquid composition is cast on a substrate, and the organic solvent is evaporated to form a film of the electrocaloric polymer. The film is removed from the substrate and disposed between electrical conductors to form an electrocaloric element.

7. 发明授权

US11448436B2 Method of forming electrodes on electrocaloric film 有权
公开(公告)号：US11448436B2
公开(公告)日：2022-09-20
申请号：US16064812
申请日：2015-12-21
申请人： UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
发明人： Wei Xie , Subramanyaravi Annapragada , Joseph V. Mantese , Parmesh Verma , Thomas D. Radcliff , William A. Rioux
IPC分类号： F25B21/00 , F25B41/20 , H01L37/02 , F25B49/00 , F25B49/02 , C08F214/22
摘要： A method of making an electrocaloric element includes forming conductive layers on opposing surfaces of a film comprising an electrocaloric material to form an electrocaloric element, wherein the forming of the conductive layers includes one or more of: vapor deposition of the conductive layers under reduced pressure for a duration of time, wherein the duration of time under reduced pressure is less than 240 minutes; vapor deposition of the conductive layers under reduced pressure for a duration of time, wherein the duration of time of exposure to conductive material deposition is less than 240 minutes; vapor deposition of the conductive layers under reduced pressure, wherein the reduced pressure is 10−8 torr to 500 torr; or maintaining the film at a temperature of less than or equal to 200° C. during forming of the conductive layers.

8. 发明授权

US11428444B2 Electrocaloric heat transfer system 有权
公开(公告)号：US11428444B2
公开(公告)日：2022-08-30
申请号：US16313762
申请日：2016-06-27
申请人： United Technologies Corporation
发明人： Scott Alan Eastman , Joseph V. Mantese , Wei Xie , Subramanyaravi Annapragada , Parmesh Verma , Sergei F. Burlatsky , Wayde R. Schmidt , Treese Hugener-Campbell
IPC分类号： F25B21/00 , H01L37/02 , C09K5/14
摘要： A heat transfer system is disclosed in which, an electrocaloric material includes a copolymer of a monomer mixture including (i) vinylidene fluoride, (ii) an addition polymerization monomer selected from tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, or a monomer smaller than trifluoroethylene, and (iii) a halogenated addition polymerization monomer different than (ii) that is larger than vinylidene fluoride. The electrocaloric material also includes an additive selected from a nucleating agent having a polar surface charge, electrocalorically active solid particles, or a combination thereof. Electrodes are disposed on opposite surfaces of the electrocaloric material, and an electric power source is configured to provide voltage to the electrodes. The system also includes a first thermal flow path between the electrocaloric material and a heat sink, and a second thermal flow path between the electrocaloric material and a heat source.

9. 发明授权

US10135085B2 Flow battery with hydrated ion-exchange membrane having maximum water domain cluster sizes 有权
公开(公告)号：US10135085B2
公开(公告)日：2018-11-20
申请号：US14891013
申请日：2013-05-16
申请人： United Technologies Corporation
发明人： Robert Mason Darling , Michael L. Perry , Wei Xie
IPC分类号： H01M4/36 , H01M8/1067 , H01M8/1023 , H01M8/1039 , H01M8/20 , H01M8/18 , H01M8/1018
摘要： A flow battery includes a cell that has a first electrode, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode and an electrolyte separator layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode. A supply/storage system is external of the at least one cell and includes first and second vessels that are fluidly connected with the at least one cell. First and second fluid electrolytes are located in the supply/storage system. The electrolyte separator layer includes a hydrated ion-exchange membrane of a polymer that has a carbon backbone chain and side chains extending from the carbon backbone chain. The side chains include hydrophilic chemical groups with water molecules attached by secondary bonding to form clusters of water domains. The clusters have an average maximum cluster size no greater than 4 nanometers, with an average number of water molecules per hydrophilic chemical group, λ (lambda), being greater than zero.

10. 发明申请

US20190170409A1 ELECTROCALORIC HEAT TRANSFER SYSTEM 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：US20190170409A1
公开(公告)日：2019-06-06
申请号：US16313762
申请日：2016-06-27
申请人： United Technologies Corporation
发明人： Scott Alan Eastman , Joseph V. Mantese , Wei Xie , Subramanyaravi Annapragada , Parmesh Verma , Sergei F. Burlatsky , Wayde R. Schmidt , Treese Hugener-Campbell
IPC分类号： F25B21/00 , H01L37/02
摘要： A heat transfer system is disclosed in which, an electrocaloric material includes a copolymer of a monomer mixture including (i) vinylidene fluoride, (ii) an addition polymerization monomer selected from tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, or a monomer smaller than trifluoroethylene, and (iii) a halogenated addition polymerization monomer different than (ii) that is larger than vinylidene fluoride. The electrocaloric material also includes an additive selected from a nucleating agent having a polar surface charge, electrocalorically active solid particles, or a combination thereof. Electrodes are disposed on opposite surfaces of the electrocaloric material, and an electric power source is configured to provide voltage to the electrodes. The system also includes a first thermal flow path between the electrocaloric material and a heat sink, and a second thermal flow path between the electrocaloric material and a heat source.

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