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    • 1. 发明授权
    • Standoff distance variation compensator and equalizer
    • 间距距离变化补偿器和均衡器
    • US06462561B1
    • 2002-10-08
    • US09616971
    • 2000-07-14
    • Timothy A. BigelowNasser Nidal QaddoumiReza ZoughiLawrence M. Brown
    • Timothy A. BigelowNasser Nidal QaddoumiReza ZoughiLawrence M. Brown
    • G01R2732
    • G01N22/00
    • An inventively enhanced near-field sensor includes circuitry which removes variation in standoff distance (of the sensor from the inspected object) as a factor in the inspection system readings. An original output voltage which varies linearly according to standoff distance is, modified and added to a counterbalancing output voltage which equivalently but oppositely varies linearly according to standoff distance, resulting in a constant output voltage regardless of standoff distance. For calibration purposes, a third output voltage can also be summed along with the modified output voltage and the counterbalancing output voltage. Since the effect of surface variation is nullified, the practitioner can more truly assess the interior physical condition of the inspected object, knowing that the object's surface roughess is rendered irrelevant.
    • 一种发明增强的近场传感器包括作为检查系统读数的一个因素消除了距检测对象的传感器的距离距离变化的电路。 根据间隔距离线性变化的原始输出电压被修改并添加到平衡输出电压,其等效但相反地根据间隔距离线性地变化,导致恒定的输出电压,而不管间隔距离。 为了校准目的,第三输出电压也可以与修改的输出电压和平衡输出电压相加。 由于表面变化的影响无效,实践者可以更加真实地评估被检查对象的内部身体状况,因为知道对象的表面浮雕是无关紧要的。
    • 2. 发明授权
    • Microwave thickness measurement and apparatus
    • 微波厚度测量及仪器
    • US6005397A
    • 1999-12-21
    • US291354
    • 1994-08-16
    • Reza ZoughiSasan Bakhtiari
    • Reza ZoughiSasan Bakhtiari
    • G01B15/02G01N22/00G01N22/02G01R27/04
    • G01B15/02G01N22/00G01N22/02
    • The thickness of the layers of rubber covering the steel belts within a tire can be measured by transmitting a microwave signal toward the outer surface of the tire and measuring the phase shift of the signal reflected by the tire. In the preferred embodiment, a waveguide is used to direct the microwave signal toward the tire. A standing wave is created within the waveguide by interference between the transmitted microwave signal and the microwave signal reflected from the tire. A series of crystal detectors mounted along the length of the waveguide measure the standing wave. A processor calculates the phase of the reflection coefficient, and determines the thickness of the rubber layer as a predetermined function of the phase. By proper selection of the microwave frequency and the spacing between the waveguide and the tire, the rubber layer thickness can be uniquely determined as a function of phase for any range of rubber thicknesses likely to be encountered in a tire. In addition, a phase reversal (from 180.degree. to -180.degree.) can be arranged to occur at a specific rubber thickness by proper selection of these parameters. This can be used in the tire retreading process to halt buffing when a predetermined minimum rubber thickness has been reached.
    • 覆盖轮胎内的钢带的橡胶层的厚度可以通过向轮胎的外表面传递微波信号并测量由轮胎反射的信号的相移来测量。 在优选实施例中,使用波导将微波信号引向轮胎。 通过所传输的微波信号和从轮胎反射的微波信号之间的干扰,在波导内产生驻波。 沿着波导长度安装的一系列晶体探测器测量驻波。 处理器计算反射系数的相位,并将橡胶层的厚度确定为相位的预定函数。 通过适当选择微波频率和波导与轮胎之间的间距,橡胶层的厚度可以作为相位的函数唯一确定,可以在轮胎中可能遇到的任何橡胶厚度范围。 此外,通过适当选择这些参数,可以将反相(从180°至-180°)排列成特定的橡胶厚度。 当达到预定的最小橡胶厚度时,这可以用于轮胎翻新过程中以停止抛光。
    • 3. 发明授权
    • Microwaves used for determining fatigue and surface crack features on
metal surfaces
    • 微波用于确定金属表面的疲劳和表面裂纹特征
    • US5748003A
    • 1998-05-05
    • US645761
    • 1996-05-14
    • Reza ZoughiChin-Yung YehStoyan I. GanchevChristian Huber
    • Reza ZoughiChin-Yung YehStoyan I. GanchevChristian Huber
    • G01B15/00G01N22/00G01N22/02G01R27/04
    • G01B15/00G01N22/00G01N22/02
    • A method and apparatus for determining fatigue/surface crack features on metal surfaces is disclosed wherein the cracks may be empty, filled, or covered with a dielectric (e.g., paint). The present invention includes a microwave waveguide having an aperture for scanning over a surface and thereby characterizing changes in a standing wave within the waveguide when a crack is scanned. In particular, crack related data resulting from standing wave perturbations can be analyzed for determining crack geometric features such as crack width, crack depth, crack length and crack tips. These features are determinable with high precision in comparison to the size of the aperture. When locating and/or sizing the geometric features of a crack, voltage changes induced by higher order modes generated by various orientations of the crack in relation to the aperture are utilized for generating the crack related data. Further, estimates are provided as to the accuracy of a location and/or size estimate for the crack geometric features. The present invention is particularly useful for repair of steel bridges, plains, turbines and other metallic structures subject to surface fatigue cracks.
    • 公开了一种用于确定金属表面上的疲劳/表面裂纹特征的方法和装置,其中裂纹可以是空的,填充的或被电介质(例如涂料)覆盖。 本发明包括具有用于在表面上扫描的孔的微波波导,从而表征当扫描裂纹时波导内的驻波的变化。 特别地,可以分析由驻波扰动产生的裂纹相关数据,以确定裂纹几何特征,如裂纹宽度,裂纹深度,裂纹长度和裂纹尖端。 与孔的尺寸相比,这些特征可以高精度地确定。 当定位和/或调整裂纹的几何特征时,利用由裂纹相对于孔径的各种取向产生的高阶模态引起的电压变化来产生裂纹相关数据。 此外,关于裂纹几何特征的位置和/或尺寸估计的准确性提供了估计。 本发明特别适用于钢桥,平原,涡轮机和遭受表面疲劳裂纹的其它金属结构的修理。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Microwave steel belt location sensor for tires
    • 用于轮胎的微波钢带定位传感器
    • US5216372A
    • 1993-06-01
    • US960238
    • 1992-10-13
    • Reza ZoughiSasan Bakhtiari
    • Reza ZoughiSasan Bakhtiari
    • G01B15/02G01N22/00G01N22/02
    • G01B15/02G01N22/00G01N22/02
    • The thickness of the layers of rubber covering the steel belts within a tire can be measured by transmitting a microwave signal toward the outer surface of the tire and measuring the phase shift of the signal reflected by the tire. In the preferred embodiment, a waveguide is used to direct the microwave signal toward the tire. A standing wave is created within the waveguide by interference between the transmitted microwave signal and the microwave signal reflected from the tire. A series of crystal detectors mounted along the length of the waveguide measure the standing wave. A processor calculates the phase of the reflection coefficient, and determines the thickness of the rubber layer as a predetermined function of the phase. By proper selection of the microwave frequency and the spacing between the waveguide and the tire, the rubber layer thickness can be uniquely determined as a function of phase for any range of rubber thicknesses likely to be encountered in a tire. In addition, a phase reversal (from 180.degree. to - 180.degree. ) can be arranged to occur at a specific rubber thickness by proper selection of these parameters. This can be used in the tire retreading process to halt buffing when a predetermined minimum rubber thickness has been reached.
    • 覆盖轮胎内的钢带的橡胶层的厚度可以通过向轮胎的外表面传递微波信号并测量由轮胎反射的信号的相移来测量。 在优选实施例中,使用波导将微波信号引向轮胎。 通过所传输的微波信号和从轮胎反射的微波信号之间的干扰,在波导内产生驻波。 沿着波导长度安装的一系列晶体探测器测量驻波。 处理器计算反射系数的相位,并将橡胶层的厚度确定为相位的预定函数。 通过适当选择微波频率和波导与轮胎之间的间距,橡胶层的厚度可以作为相位的函数唯一确定,可以在轮胎中可能遇到的任何橡胶厚度范围。 此外,可以通过适当选择这些参数,将相位反转(从180°至-180°)设置为以特定橡胶厚度发生。 当达到预定的最小橡胶厚度时,这可以用于轮胎翻新过程中以停止抛光。