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1. 发明申请

US20070073693A1 Transaction and task scheduler 失效
标题翻译：事务和任务调度程序
公开(公告)号：US20070073693A1
公开(公告)日：2007-03-29
申请号：US11229053
申请日：2005-09-16
申请人： Tim Harris , Simon Peyton-Jones , Jonathan Howell , John Douceur
发明人： Tim Harris , Simon Peyton-Jones , Jonathan Howell , John Douceur
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F9/524 , G06F9/466
摘要： The described implementations relate to efficient scheduling of transactions and tasks. A memory location, address, or variable previously accessed by a blocked entity is observed periodically to determine an appropriate time to wake and retry the blocked entity. If the previous accessed memory location, address or variable changes state, a scheduler wakes the blocked entity and the blocked entity retries processing. A doubly-indexed data structure of blocked entities and memory locations associated with the blocked entities may be used to efficiently determine when a retrying execution would be profitable.
摘要翻译：所描述的实现涉及事务和任务的有效调度。周期性地观察先前被阻塞实体访问的存储器位置，地址或变量，以确定唤醒并重试被阻塞实体的适当时间。如果先前访问的存储器位置，地址或变量改变状态，则调度器唤醒被阻止的实体，并且被阻止的实体重试处理。被阻止的实体和与被阻止的实体相关联的存储器位置的双重索引的数据结构可以用于有效地确定重试执行何时是有利可图的。

2. 发明授权

US08135987B2 Collection ordering for replicated state machines 有权
标题翻译：针对复制状态机的集合订购
公开(公告)号：US08135987B2
公开(公告)日：2012-03-13
申请号：US12793547
申请日：2010-06-03
申请人： John Douceur , Jonathan Howell , Jacob R. Lorch
发明人： John Douceur , Jonathan Howell , Jacob R. Lorch
IPC分类号： G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/187 , G06F11/1482 , G06F2201/82
摘要： A replicated state machine with N replica servers may be configured to tolerate a count of F faults. A first operation (of a first ordering type) executes when a first quorum of correctly functioning replicas is available. A second operation (also of the first operation type) executes when a second quorum of correctly functioning replicas is available. A third operation (of a second ordering type) executes when a third quorum of correctly functioning replicas are available. The operations are executed by the replicated state machine such that: (1) the replicated state machine does not guarantee operational ordering between the first operation and the second operation; (2) the replicated state machine guarantees ordering between the first operation and the third operation; and (3) the replicated state machine guarantees ordering between the second operation and the third operation.
摘要翻译：具有N个副本服务器的复制状态机可以被配置为容忍F个故障的计数。当正常运行的副本的第一个法定数量可用时，执行第一个操作（第一个排序类型）。当正常运行的副本的第二个法定值可用时，执行第二个操作（也是第一个操作类型）。当正常运行的副本的第三个法定值可用时，执行第三次操作（第二次排序类型）。这些操作由复制状态机执行，使得：（1）复制状态机不保证第一操作和第二操作之间的操作顺序; （2）复制状态机保证第一操作和第三操作之间的顺序; 和（3）复制状态机保证第二操作和第三操作之间的顺序。

3. 发明申请

US20060143517A1 Replicated virtual machine 审中-公开
标题翻译：复制虚拟机
公开(公告)号：US20060143517A1
公开(公告)日：2006-06-29
申请号：US11021983
申请日：2004-12-22
申请人： John Douceur , Jonathan Howell
发明人： John Douceur , Jonathan Howell
IPC分类号： G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/1484
摘要： A mechanism that enables a nondeterministic client-server application to be run as a replicated state machine without requiring the application to be modified. A replicated state machine substrate is utilized to coordinate the execution of multiple virtual machine monitors, each of which runs an identical copy of an operating system and server application. The virtual machine monitors each act as deterministic state machines, virtualizing state machine characteristics and behaviors.
摘要翻译：一种使非确定性客户端 - 服务器应用程序作为复制状态机运行而不需要修改应用程序的机制。复制状态机基板用于协调多个虚拟机监视器的执行，每个虚拟机监视器运行操作系统和服务器应用程序的相同副本。虚拟机监视每个动作为确定性状态机，虚拟化状态机特性和行为。

4. 发明申请

US20060136369A1 Method and system for protecting the consistency of information in a distributed file system 有权
标题翻译：用于保护分布式文件系统中信息一致性的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US20060136369A1
公开(公告)日：2006-06-22
申请号：US11015227
申请日：2004-12-17
申请人： John Douceur , Jonathan Howell
发明人： John Douceur , Jonathan Howell
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30194
摘要： Disclosed are “black-box leases” that protect information consistency and that allow for information sharing in a distributed file system while hiding from a client information about other clients' use of the file system. This information hiding also allows greater concurrency because changes to the file system are permitted as long as they do not affect the leases as observed by the clients. For each data field protected by a black-box lease, a client has a two-value data structure: SelfValue represents the client's intended use of the data field, and OtherValue is an aggregation of the other clients' intended uses of that data field. Knowing only this aggregate OtherValue, but without knowing any specifics of the other clients' usage patterns, the client knows how it may use the data field without adversely affecting the consistency of data in the distributed file system.
摘要翻译：公开的是“黑箱租赁”，其保护信息一致性并且允许在分布式文件系统中的信息共享，同时隐藏客户端关于其他客户端使用文件系统的信息。此信息隐藏还允许更大的并发性，因为只要不影响客户端遵守的租约，就允许对文件系统进行更改。对于由黑盒租赁保护的每个数据字段，客户端具有两值数据结构：SelfValue表示客户端对数据字段的预期用途，而OtherValue是其他客户端该数据字段的预期用途的聚合。只知道这个聚合的OtherValue，但是不知道其他客户端的使用模式的任何细节，客户端知道如何使用数据字段，而不会对分布式文件系统中的数据的一致性产生不利影响。

5. 发明申请

US20070168393A1 MANAGING STATES WITH DELTA PAGER 有权
标题翻译：管理状态与DELTA PAGER
公开(公告)号：US20070168393A1
公开(公告)日：2007-07-19
申请号：US11275434
申请日：2005-12-30
申请人： Jonathan Howell , John Douceur
发明人： Jonathan Howell , John Douceur
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30371 , Y10S707/99938
摘要： A delta pager maintains a database with atomic, isolated transactions. When a transaction seeks to make changes to the database, the delta pager stores the changes in write buffers, and applies the changes when intervening transactions do not literally or substantively change the state of the database relied upon by the transaction. The delta pager applies the changes to commit the transaction by conjoining the write buffers with the current state of the database to form a new data structure representing the state of the database. The delta pager coalesces write buffers to maintain efficiency, subject to snapshots the delta pager respects to preserve selected states of the database. The delta pager makes selected sections of the database durable by moving selected data to a durable store. The delta pager also provides cache objects between the durable store and current transactions to promote efficient access to data.
摘要翻译：三角形寻呼机维护具有原子，隔离事务的数据库。当事务寻求对数据库进行更改时，增量寻呼机将更改存储在写入缓冲区中，并且当中间事务不会字面上或实质上更改事务依赖的数据库的状态时应用更改。三角寻呼机通过将写缓冲区与数据库的当前状态相结合来应用更改来提交事务，以形成表示数据库状态的新数据结构。 delta寻呼机合并写入缓冲区以保持效率，根据快照，差异传感器将保留数据库的所选状态。三角形寻呼机通过将选定的数据移动到耐用商店来使数据库的选定部分保持持久。三角形寻呼机还在耐用存储和当前事务之间提供缓存对象，以促进对数据的高效访问。

6. 发明申请

US20070156588A1 SCALABLE LEASES 有权
标题翻译：可定制租赁
公开(公告)号：US20070156588A1
公开(公告)日：2007-07-05
申请号：US11275435
申请日：2005-12-30
申请人： Jonathan Howell , John Douceur
发明人： Jonathan Howell , John Douceur
IPC分类号： G06Q99/00 , H04L9/00 , G06F12/14 , H04L9/32 , G06F11/30 , H04K1/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/526 , G06F12/0844 , G06F2209/522 , G06F2209/523 , G06Q20/3674
摘要： Scalable leases reduce latency and reduce the burden on a server in managing data leases. Instead of processing individual lease requests for clients seeking access to the same data, scalable leases provide for blanket leases that all of the clients can use to access the selected data. Leases may be encrypted or selectively distributed to restrict access to the data. Moreover, distributed data structures may be used to cache leases at identifiable nodes in a network to offload work from the server without all clients in the network having to cache all blanket leases issued. Thresholds for issuing blanket leases may be determined or adjusted by considerations such as demand for the selected data and server workload. Similarly, leases may be renewed on the basis of demand for selected data, conflicting lease requests, and other factors. Scalable leases may be issued for read leases and controlled write leases.
摘要翻译：可扩展租赁减少延迟并减少服务器管理数据租赁的负担。寻求访问相同数据的客户不需要处理单独的租赁请求，而是可扩展租赁提供所有客户端可以使用来访问所选数据的全面租赁。租赁可以被加密或选择性地分配，以限制对数据的访问。此外，分布式数据结构可以用于在网络中的可识别节点处高速缓存租约，以从服务器卸载工作，而网络中的所有客户端都不得不缓存所有发布的全部租约。可以通过诸如对所选择的数据和服务器工作负载的需求等考虑来确定或调整用于签发覆盖租赁的阈值。同样，租赁可以根据对所选数据的需求，相互冲突的租赁请求等因素进行更新。可租赁租赁可以用于租赁和受控的书面租赁。

7. 发明申请

US20050283644A1 Efficient changing of replica sets in distributed fault-tolerant computing system 有权
标题翻译：分布式容错计算系统中复制集的有效改变
公开(公告)号：US20050283644A1
公开(公告)日：2005-12-22
申请号：US10871134
申请日：2004-06-18
申请人： Jacob Lorch , Jonathan Howell , John Douceur
发明人： Jacob Lorch , Jonathan Howell , John Douceur
IPC分类号： G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/182 , G06F11/187
摘要： A distributed computing system can be operated in a fault tolerant manner using a set of computing devices. A set of computing devices can tolerate a number of failures by implementing identical replicas of a state machine and selecting proposals. The set of computing devices participating in the distributed computing system by hosting replicas can be modified by adding or removing a computing device from the set, or by specifying particular computing devices for participation. Changing the participating computing devices in the set increases fault tolerance by replacing defective devices with operational devices, or by increasing the amount of redundancy in the system.
摘要翻译：分布式计算系统可以使用一组计算设备以容错方式操作。一组计算设备可以通过实现状态机的相同副本并选择提议来容忍许多故障。通过托管副本参与分布式计算系统的计算设备组可以通过从组中添加或移除计算设备，或通过指定特定的计算设备来参与来修改。通过用操作设备替换有缺陷的设备，或通过增加系统中的冗余量来改变设备中参与的计算设备来增加容错能力。

8. 发明申请

US20070168364A1 Non-Mutating Tree-Structured File Identifiers 有权
标题翻译：非突变树结构化文件标识符
公开(公告)号：US20070168364A1
公开(公告)日：2007-07-19
申请号：US11275550
申请日：2006-01-13
申请人： John Douceur , Jonathan Howell
发明人： John Douceur , Jonathan Howell
IPC分类号： G06F7/00
CPC分类号： G06F17/3012 , Y10S707/99945
摘要： Non-mutating tree-structured file identifiers are used to identify files stored in a file system. Each of multiple files in the file system has a corresponding non-mutating file identifier, and these file identifiers are assigned and maintained using a tree structure.
摘要翻译：非突变树结构文件标识符用于识别存储在文件系统中的文件。文件系统中的多个文件中的每一个具有相应的非突变文件标识符，并且使用树结构来分配和维护这些文件标识符。

9. 发明申请

US20060259818A1 Deterministic multiprocessor computer system 有权
标题翻译：确定性多处理器计算机系统
公开(公告)号：US20060259818A1
公开(公告)日：2006-11-16
申请号：US11489819
申请日：2006-07-20
申请人： Jonathan Howell , Eric Traut , Jacob Lorch , John Douceur
发明人： Jonathan Howell , Eric Traut , Jacob Lorch , John Douceur
IPC分类号： G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/45558 , G06F11/1484 , G06F2009/45566 , G06F2201/815
摘要： A virtual machine monitor (VMM) is configured to enforce deterministic execution of virtual machines in a multiprocessor machine. The VMM is configured to ensure that any communication by physical processors via shared memory is deterministic. When such VMMs are implemented in a distributed environment of multiprocessor machines coupled via a logical communication link, non-deterministic server applications running on virtual machines using the VMM may be replicated.
摘要翻译：虚拟机监视器（VMM）被配置为强制执行多处理器机器中的虚拟机的确定性执行。 VMM配置为确保物理处理器通过共享内存的任何通信是确定性的。当这种VMM在通过逻辑通信链路耦合的多处理器机器的分布式环境中实现时，可以复制在使用VMM的虚拟机上运行的非确定性服务器应用程序。

10. 发明申请

US20060184627A1 Automatic commutativity detection for generalized paxos 有权
标题翻译：广义paxos的自动交换检测
公开(公告)号：US20060184627A1
公开(公告)日：2006-08-17
申请号：US11057591
申请日：2005-02-14
申请人： Jonathan Howell , Jacob Lorch , John Douceur , Leslie Lamport
发明人： Jonathan Howell , Jacob Lorch , John Douceur , Leslie Lamport
IPC分类号： G06F15/16
CPC分类号： G06F11/187 , G06F11/1683 , G06F2201/82
摘要： Synchronized devices comprising a distributed system attempt to agree on a compatible sequence of commands to execute. Each device in the distributed system may act as a proposer, acceptor, or a learner. Each proposer proposes a command for each device to execute. The acceptors either accept or reject the proposed commands. The learners keep track of the proposed commands and determine, using a transactional substrate, whether the acceptors have a accepted sequences of commands that commute with respect to one another. Once the learners have determined that a quorum of acceptors have accepted sequences of commands that commute with respect to one another the accepted commands are executed by each device in the distributed system.
摘要翻译：包括分布式系统的同步设备尝试对要执行的命令的兼容序列达成一致。分布式系统中的每个设备可以充当提议者，接受者或学习者。每个提议者为每个设备提出一个命令来执行。接受者接受或拒绝提出的命令。学习者跟踪所提出的命令，并使用事务底层来确定接受者是否具有相互相互通信的接受的命令序列。一旦学习者确定接受者的数量已经接受了相互之间通勤的命令序列，则接受的命令由分布式系统中的每个设备执行。

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