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    • 1. 发明申请
    • SECRETED AND CELL SURFACE GENES EXPRESSED IN BENIGN AND MALIGNANT COLORECTAL TUMORS
    • 分泌和细胞表面基因表达于胆管和恶性色素性肿瘤
    • WO2003022863A1
    • 2003-03-20
    • PCT/US2002/028518
    • 2002-09-09
    • THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINEBUCKHAULTS, PhillipKINZLER, Kenneth, W.VOGELSTEIN, Bert
    • BUCKHAULTS, PhillipKINZLER, Kenneth, W.VOGELSTEIN, Bert
    • C07H21/04
    • C07K14/495C07K14/47C07K14/705
    • Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) was used to identify transcripts encoding secreted or cell-surface proteins that were expressed in benign and malignant tumors of the colorectum. A total of 290,394 tags were analyzed from normal, adenomatous and cancerous colonic epithelium. Of the 21,343 different transcripts observed, 957 were found to be differentially expressed between normal and adenoma or between normal and cancer. Forty-nine transcripts were elevated ≥ 20-fold in adenomas, 40 transcripts were elevated ≥ 20-fold in cancers, and nine transcripts were elevated ≥ 20-fold in both. Product of six these nine transcripts (TGFBI, LYS, RDP, MIC-1, REGA, and DEHL) were predicted to be secreted or to reside on the cell surface and these were analyzed in more detail. The abnormal expression levels predicted by SAGE were confirmed by quantitative PCR analyses of each of these six genes. Moreover, the cell types responsible for the elevated expression were identified by in situ hybridization and by PCR analyses of epithelial cells immunoaffinity purified from primary tumors.
    • 基因表达(SAGE)的序列分析用于鉴定在结肠直肠癌和恶性肿瘤中表达的编码分泌的或细胞表面蛋白的转录物。 从正常,腺瘤和癌性结肠上皮分析总共290,394个标签。 在观察到的21,343种不同的转录物中,957被发现在正常和腺瘤之间或在正常和癌症之间差异表达。 在腺瘤中,49个转录本升高了20倍,40个转录物在癌症中升高了20倍,而9个转录物在两者中升高了20倍。 预计这六种转录本(TGFBI,LYS,RDP,MIC-1,REGA和DEHL)的六种产物被分泌或驻留在细胞表面上,并且更详细地分析这些转录物的产物。 通过对这6种基因中的每一种进行定量PCR分析证实SAGE预测的异常表达水平。 此外,通过原位杂交和通过从原发性肿瘤纯化的上皮细胞免疫亲和素的PCR分析来鉴定负责升高的表达的细胞类型。
    • 4. 发明申请
    • C-MYC IS ACTIVATED BY BETA-CATENIN AND TCF-4
    • C-MYC是由卡培他滨和TCF-4激活的
    • WO2000011195A1
    • 2000-03-02
    • PCT/US1999/018774
    • 1999-08-20
    • THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINEHE, Tong-ChuanVOGELSTEIN, BertKINZLER, Kenneth, W.
    • HE, Tong-ChuanVOGELSTEIN, BertKINZLER, Kenneth, W.
    • C12N15/63
    • C07K14/47A61K38/00A61K48/00C07K14/4705C12Q1/6897
    • The APC tumor suppressor protein binds to β-catenin, a protein recently shown to interact with Tcf/Lef transcription factors. Here, the gene encoding a Tcf family member that is expressed in colonic epithelium ( hTcf-4 ) was cloned and characterized. hTcf-4 transactivates transcription only when associated with β-catenin. Nuclei of APC -/- colon carcinoma cells were found to contain a stable β-catenin-hTCF-4 complex that was constitutively active, as measured by transcription of a Tcf reporter gene. Reintroduction of APC removed β-catenin from hTcf4 and abrogated the transcriptional transactivation. Constitutive transcription of TCF target genes, caused by loss of APC function, may be a crucial event in the early transformation of colonic epithelium. It is also shown here that the products of mutant APC genes found in colorectal tumors are defective in regulating β-catenin/Tcf-4 transcriptional activation. Furthermore, colorectal tumors with intact APC genes were shown to contain subtle activating mutations of β-catenin that altered functionally significant phosphorylation sites. These results indicate that regulation of β-catenin is critical to APC's tumor suppressive effect and that this regulation can be circumvented by mutations in either APC or β-catenin.
    • APC肿瘤抑制蛋白结合β-连环蛋白,最近显示出与Tcf / Lef转录因子相互作用的蛋白质。 这里,克隆并表征编码在结肠上皮(hTcf-4)中表达的Tcf家族成员的基因。 hTcf-4仅在与β-连环蛋白相关时才转录转录。 发现APC < - / - >结肠癌细胞的核含有一个稳定的β-连环蛋白-hTCF-4复合物,其通过Tcf报告基因的转录测量而具有组成型活性。 重新引入APC从hTcf4中除去β-连环蛋白,并废除转录反式激活。 由APC功能丧失引起的TCF靶基因的组成转录可能是结肠上皮早期转化的关键事件。 这里还显示,在结肠直肠肿瘤中发现的突变APC基因的产物在调节β-连环蛋白/ Tcf-4转录激活中是缺陷的。 此外,具有完整APC基因的结肠直肠肿瘤显示含有改变功能显着磷酸化位点的β-连环蛋白的微妙活化突变。 这些结果表明,β-连环蛋白的调节对于APC的肿瘤抑制作用至关重要,并且该调节可以通过APC或β-连环蛋白的突变来规避。
    • 9. 发明申请
    • PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE MUTATIONS IN CANCERS
    • 蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶突变体
    • WO2005113824A2
    • 2005-12-01
    • PCT/US2005/017105
    • 2005-05-16
    • WANG, ZhengheVELCULESCU, VictorKINZLER, Kenneth, W.VOGELSTEIN, Bert
    • WANG, ZhengheVELCULESCU, VictorKINZLER, Kenneth, W.VOGELSTEIN, Bert
    • C12Q1/68
    • C12Q1/6886C12N9/16C12Q2600/112C12Q2600/136C12Q2600/156C12Q2600/158C12Y301/03048G01N33/5011G01N2333/916
    • Tyrosine phosphorylation, regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and kinases (PTKs), is important in signaling pathways underlying tumorigenesis. A mutational analysis of the tyrosine phosphatase gene superfamily in human cancers identified 83 somatic mutations in six PTPs ( PTPRF, PTPRG, PTPRT, PTPN3, PTPN13, PTPN14 ) affecting 26 % of colorectal cancers and a smaller fraction of lung, breast and gastric cancers. Fifteen mutations were nonsense, frameshift or splice site alterations predicted to result in truncated proteins lacking phosphatase activity. Five missense mutations in the most commonly altered PTP ( PTPRP ) were biochemically examined and found to reduce phosphatase activity. Expression of wild-type but not a mutant PTPRT in human cancer cells inhibited cell growth. These observations suggest that the tyrosine phosphatase genes are tumor suppressor genes, regulating cellular pathways that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
    • 由蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶(PTP)和激酶(PTK)调节的酪氨酸磷酸化在肿瘤发生的信号通路中是重要的。 人类癌症中酪氨酸磷酸酶基因超家族的突变分析鉴定了影响26%结肠直肠癌和较小部分肺癌,乳腺癌和胃癌的6种PTPs(PTPRF,PTPRG,PTPRT,PTPN3,PTPN13,PTPN14)中的83个体细胞突变。 十五个突变是无义,移位或剪接位点改变,预计会导致截短的蛋白质缺乏磷酸酶活性。 在生物化学检查中发现最常改变的PTP(PTPRP)中的五个错义突变被发现可以降低磷酸酶活性。 野生型但不是突变PTPRT在人类癌细胞中的表达抑制细胞生长。 这些观察表明,酪氨酸磷酸酶基因是肿瘤抑制基因,调节可能适合于治疗性干预的细胞途径。