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1. 发明专利

NO305728B1 未知
公开(公告)号：NO305728B1
公开(公告)日：1999-07-12
申请号：NO975251
申请日：1997-11-14
申请人： TANGEN REIDAR E , NORDAL PER ERIK , GUDESEN HANS GUDE , LEISTAD GEIRR I
发明人： TANGEN REIDAR E , NORDAL PER-ERIK , GUDESEN HANS GUDE , LEISTAD GEIRR I
IPC分类号： G03B33/14 , G03B33/16 , H04N5/225 , H04N5/335 , H04N9/04 , H04N5/30 , H01L27/146
摘要： An optoelectronic camera comprises an objective system formed by a number of optical active structures (L), particularly refractive structures in the form of microlenses or lenslets provided in an array. A detector device (D) is assigned to the lens array and comprises detectors (Dn) formed by sensor elements (E) which define pixels in the optical image. Each detector (Dn) defines a sample of the optical image and optimally all samples are used to generate a digital image. The optoelectronic camera may be realized as a color image camera, particularly for recording images in an RGB system. In a method for digital electronic formatting of an image recorded with the optoelectronic camera, zoom and pan functions are implemented in the camera.

2. 发明专利

AT279074T 未知
公开(公告)号：AT279074T
公开(公告)日：2004-10-15
申请号：AT98956036
申请日：1998-11-13
申请人： TANGEN REIDAR E , NORDAL PER-ERIK , GUDESEN HANS GUDE , LEISTAD GEIRR I
发明人： TANGEN REIDAR E , NORDAL PER-ERIK , GUDESEN HANS GUDE , LEISTAD GEIRR I
IPC分类号： G03B33/14 , G03B33/16 , H04N5/225 , H04N5/335 , H04N9/04 , H04N9/00
摘要： An optoelectronic camera comprises an objective system formed by a number of optical active structures (L), particularly refractive structures in the form of microlenses or lenslets provided in an array. A detector device (D) is assigned to the lens array and comprises detectors (Dn) formed by sensor elements (E) which define pixels in the optical image. Each detector (Dn) defines a sample of the optical image and optimally all samples are used to generate a digital image. The optoelectronic camera may be realized as a color image camera, particularly for recording images in an RGB system. In a method for digital electronic formatting of an image recorded with the optoelectronic camera, zoom and pan functions are implemented in the camera.

3. 发明申请

WO9855897A3 OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENT AND METHODS FOR RESPECTIVELY ITS PREPARATION AND OPTICAL ADDRESSING, AS WELL AS THE USE THEREOF IN AN OPTICAL LOGIC DEVICE 审中-公开
标题翻译：光学逻辑元件及其适用于光学逻辑器件的准备和光学寻址的方法
公开(公告)号：WO9855897A3
公开(公告)日：1999-03-11
申请号：PCT/NO9800168
申请日：1998-06-05
申请人： OPTICOM AS , GUDESEN HANS GUDE , LEISTAD GEIRR I , NORDAL PER ERIK
发明人： GUDESEN HANS GUDE , LEISTAD GEIRR I , NORDAL PER-ERIK
IPC分类号： G02F3/00 , G02F3/02 , G11C7/00 , G11C11/56 , G11C13/00 , G11C13/02 , G11C13/04
CPC分类号： G11C13/0014 , B82Y10/00 , G02F3/02 , G11C7/005 , G11C11/5664 , G11C13/00 , G11C13/0016 , G11C13/04 , Y10S359/90
摘要： In a multistable optical logic element with a light-sensitive organic material (1) which undergoes a photocycle with several physical states by irradiation with light, and wherein a physical state is assigned a logical value which can be changed by addressing the element optically, the element initially before the addressing is in a metastable state generated in advance. A multistable optical logic element has been made proximity-addressable by providing at least a colour light source (1) for optical addressing and at least one colour-sensitive optical detector (5) adjacent to the light-sensitive material. In a method for preparing of the light-sensitive material (1) a desired initial metastable state is generated in the photocycle and assigned a determined logical value for the element. In a method for optical addressing of the optical logic element steps for respectively writing and storing, reading, erasing and switching comprises generating transitions between states in the photocycle and detection of the states. Use in an optical logical device for storing and processing of data.
摘要翻译：在具有光敏有机材料（1）的多态光学逻辑元件中，其通过用光照射经历具有若干物理状态的光循环，并且其中物理状态被分配可以通过光学寻址元素而改变的逻辑值，元素最初在寻址之前处于预先生成的亚稳态中。通过至少提供用于光寻址的彩色光源（2）和与感光材料相邻的至少一个颜色敏感的光学检测器（5），已经使多路光逻辑元件变得可接近寻址。在制备感光材料（1）的方法中，在光循环中产生期望的初始亚稳态，并为该元素分配确定的逻辑值。在用于光学逻辑元件的光寻址的方法中，用于分别写入和存储，读取，擦除和切换的步骤包括在照相机中的状态之间产生转变并检测状态。在光学逻辑设备中用于存储和处理数据。

4. 发明申请

WO9858383A9 ELECTRICALLY ADDRESSABLE PASSIVE DEVICE, METHOD FOR ELECTRICAL ADDRESSING OF THE SAME AND USES OF THE DEVICE AND THE METHOD 审中-公开
标题翻译：电寻址被动装置，电寻址方法及装置的使用方法和方法
公开(公告)号：WO9858383A9
公开(公告)日：1999-05-20
申请号：PCT/NO9800185
申请日：1998-06-17
申请人： OPTICOM AS , GUDESEN HANS GUDE , LEISTAD GEIRR I , NORDAL PER ERIK
发明人： GUDESEN HANS GUDE , LEISTAD GEIRR I , NORDAL PER-ERIK
IPC分类号： G11C11/42 , G11C11/21 , G11C13/00 , G11C13/02 , G11C13/04 , G11C16/02 , G11C17/00 , G11C17/14 , H03K19/12 , H03K19/14 , G11C11/22 , H03K19/177
CPC分类号： G11C13/0014 , B82Y10/00 , G11C13/0016 , G11C13/04 , G11C17/00 , G11C17/14 , G11C17/16 , G11C17/165 , G11C2213/71 , G11C2213/77
摘要： An electrically addressable passive device for registration, storage and/or processing of data comprises a functional medium (1) in the form of a continuous or patterned structure (S) which may undergo a physical or chemical change of state. The functional medium (1) comprises individually addressable cells (2) which represent a registered or detected value or are assigned a predetermined logical value for the cell. The cell (2) is provided between the anode (3) and cathode (4) in an electrode means (E) which contacts the function medium in the cell and causes an electrical coupling therethrough, the functional medium having a non-linear impedance characteristic, whereby the cell (2) directly can be supplied with energy which effects a change in the state of the cell. In a method for electrical addressing of the passive device wherein the addressing comprises operations for i.a. detection and registration as well as further operations for writing, reading and switching of a logical value assigned to the cell, electric energy is applied directly to the functional medium of the cell in order to change its state and hence effect an addressing operation. Use in optical detector means, volumetric data storage devices or data processing devices.
摘要翻译：用于配准，存储和/或处理数据的电寻址无源器件包括呈可经历状态的物理或化学变化的连续或图案化结构（S）形式的功能介质（1）。功能介质（1）包括单独可寻址的单元（2），其表示登记或检测到的值或者被分配给单元的预定逻辑值。电池（2）设置在电极装置（E）中的阳极（3）和阴极（4）之间，该电极装置与电池中的功能介质接触并引起电耦合，功能介质具有非线性阻抗特性由此电池（2）可以直接供应能够改变电池状态的能量。在用于无源设备的电寻址的方法中，其中寻址包括用于i.a. 检测和登记以及用于写入，读取和切换分配给单元的逻辑值的进一步操作，将电能直接施加到单元的功能介质以便改变其状态并因此实现寻址操作。用于光学检测装置，体积数据存储设备或数据处理设备。

5. 发明申请

WO9945582A9 A METHOD FOR GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTING OR SEMICONDUCTING STRUCTURES IN THREE DIMENSIONS AND METHODS FOR ERASURE OF THE SAME STRUCTURES 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于生成三维尺寸的导电或半导体结构的方法及其相同结构的蚀刻方法
公开(公告)号：WO9945582A9
公开(公告)日：1999-11-11
申请号：PCT/NO9900023
申请日：1999-01-28
申请人： OPTICOM AS , NORDAL PER ERIK , LEISTAD GEIRR I , GUDESEN HANS GUDE
发明人： NORDAL PER-ERIK , LEISTAD GEIRR I , GUDESEN HANS GUDE
IPC分类号： H01L21/3205 , H01L21/02 , H01L21/26 , H01L21/336 , H01L21/64 , H01L21/768 , H01L21/822 , H01L21/8238 , H01L23/52 , H01L27/092 , H01L29/06 , H01L29/786 , H01L29/861 , H01L51/05 , H01L51/40
CPC分类号： H01L51/0001 , H01L21/768 , H01L21/76888 , H01L21/76894 , H01L21/8221 , H01L51/0024 , H01L2924/0002 , Y10T29/41 , H01L2924/00
摘要： In a method for generating electrical conducting or semiconducting structures in three dimensions in a matrix which comprises two or more materials in spatially separate material structures, each material structure is irradiated with a radiation of a given intensity and/or frequency characteristic adapted to the material's response thereto, the radiation being modulated spatially according to a determined protocol which represents a predetermined pattern of electrical conducting or semiconducting structures in the relevant material structure and in response to the irradiation two-dimensional electrical conducting or semiconducting structures with a predetermined pattern are generated in the material structure such that the matrix comprised by the material structures is provided with electrical conducting or semiconducting structures in three dimensions. In a method for erasing electrical conducting or semiconducting structures of this kind each material structure is irradiated in a corresponding manner as in the generation of the structures, but such that the two-dimensional electrical conducting or semiconducting structures which are present in the material structure in response to the radiation are erased and the material in the structure in its entirety transfers to an electrical non-conducting state.
摘要翻译：在用于在矩阵中产生三维导电或半导体结构的方法中，其包括在空间上分离的材料结构中的两种或更多种材料，每种材料结构用适合材料响应的给定强度和/或频率特性的辐射照射根据确定的协议，辐射被调制在空间上，其表示相关材料结构中的导电或半导体结构的预定图案，并且响应于照射具有预定图案的二维导电或半导体结构，在材料结构使得由材料结构构成的基体在三维中设置有导电或半导体结构。在擦除这种导电或半导体结构的方法中，每种材料结构以与生成结构相同的方式照射，但是使得存在于材料结构中的二维导电或半导体结构对辐射的响应被擦除，并且结构中的材料整体转移到电非导通状态。

6. 发明申请

WO9912170A3 A FERROELECTRIC DATA PROCESSING DEVICE 审中-公开
标题翻译：铁电数据处理装置
公开(公告)号：WO9912170A3
公开(公告)日：1999-05-06
申请号：PCT/NO9800237
申请日：1998-08-13
申请人： OPTICOM AS , GUDESEN HANS GUDE , NORDAL PER ERIK , LEISTAD GEIRR I
发明人： GUDESEN HANS GUDE , NORDAL PER-ERIK , LEISTAD GEIRR I
IPC分类号： G11C11/22 , H01L21/8246 , H01L27/06 , H01L27/105 , H01L27/115 , H03K19/177 , H03K19/185
CPC分类号： H01L27/11502 , G11C11/22 , H01L27/0688
摘要： In a ferroelectric data processing device for processing and/or storage of data with passive or electrical addressing a data-carrying medium is used in the form of a thin film (1) of ferroelectric material which by an applied electric field is polarized to determined polarization states or switched between these and is provided as a continuous layer in or adjacent to electrode structures in the form of a matrix. A logic element (4) is formed at the intersection between an x electrode (2) and a y electrode (3) of the electrode matrix. The logic element (4) is addressed by applying to the electrodes (2, 3) a voltage greater than the coercivity field of the ferroelectric material. Dependent on the polarization state and the form of the hysteresis loop of the ferroelectric material a distinct detection of the polarization state in the logic element (4) is obtained and it may also be possible to switch between the polarization states of the logic element, which hence may be used for implementing a bistable switch or a memory cell. The data processing device according to the invention may be stacked layerwise if the separate layers are separated by an electrical isolating layer and hence be used for implementing volumetric data processing devices.
摘要翻译：在用于处理和/或存储具有无源或电寻址数据的铁电数据处理设备中，以铁电材料的薄膜（1）的形式使用数据载体介质，所述铁电材料的薄膜（1）通过施加的电场被极化以确定极化状态或者在它们之间切换，并且以矩阵形式的电极结构中或附近的连续层提供。逻辑元件（4）形成在电极矩阵的x电极（2）和y电极（3）之间的交叉处。逻辑元件（4）通过向电极（2,3）施加大于铁电材料的矫顽力场的电压来寻址。取决于铁电材料的偏振态和磁滞回线的形式，可以获得逻辑元件（4）中偏振态的明显检测，并且还可以在逻辑元件的偏振态之间切换，其中因此可以用于实现双稳态开关或存储单元。如果分离的层被电隔离层隔开并且因此用于实现容积式数据处理设备，则根据本发明的数据处理设备可以层叠地层叠。

7. 发明申请

WO9963527A3 DATA STORAGE AND PROCESSING APPARATUS, AND METHOD FOR FABRICATING THE SAME 审中-公开
标题翻译：数据存储和处理装置及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：WO9963527A3
公开(公告)日：2000-02-17
申请号：PCT/NO9900181
申请日：1999-06-02
申请人： THIN FILM ELECTRONICS ASA , GUDESEN HANS GUDE , NORDAL PER ERIK , LEISTAD GEIRR I , CARLSSON JOHAN , GUSTAFSSON GOERAN
发明人： GUDESEN HANS GUDE , NORDAL PER-ERIK , LEISTAD GEIRR I , CARLSSON JOHAN , GUSTAFSSON GOERAN
IPC分类号： G06F1/16 , G11C17/00 , H01L21/768 , H01L21/822 , H01L21/98 , H01L25/065 , H01L25/07 , H01L25/18 , H01L27/00 , H01L27/10 , H01L51/40
CPC分类号： H01L51/0001 , G11C5/02 , G11C17/06 , H01L21/2026 , H01L21/768 , H01L21/76888 , H01L21/76894 , H01L21/8221 , H01L27/0688 , H01L27/1021 , H01L27/105 , H01L27/1052 , H01L27/108 , H01L27/11 , H01L27/11502 , H01L51/0024 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/00
摘要： A data storage and processing apparatus comprising ROM and/or WORM and/or REWRITEABLE memory modules and/or processing modules on a substrate. The memory and/or processing modules are provided as a single main layer or multiple main layers on the top of the substrate. The apparatus comprises active components in the form of transistors and/or diodes for operating the apparatus. In one set of embodiments at least some and at most all the transistors and/or diodes for operating the apparatus are provided on or in the substrate. In another set of embodiments at least some and at most all of the layers on the top of the substrate comprise low-temperature compatible organic materials and/or low temperature compatible processed inorganic films, even without requiring transistors and/or diodes to be provided on or in the substrate. In a method for fabricating a data storage and processing apparatus of this kind, the memory and/or processing modules are provided on the substrate by depositing the layers in successive steps. The deposition and processing of the layers take place under thermal conditions that avoid subjecting an already deposited and processed underlying layer or layers to static or dynamic temperatures exceeding given stability limits, particularly in regard of organic materials.
摘要翻译：一种包括ROM和/或WORM和/或REWRITEABLE存储器模块和/或衬底上的处理模块的数据存储和处理设备。存储器和/或处理模块作为单个主层或多个主层提供在衬底的顶部上。该装置包括用于操作该装置的晶体管和/或二极管形式的有源部件。在一组实施例中，用于操作设备的至少一些和至多所有晶体管和/或二极管用于提供在衬底上或衬底中。在另一组实施方案中，衬底顶部上的至少一些和至多所有层包括低温相容的有机材料和/或低温相容的经处理的无机膜，即使不需要在二极管上提供晶体管和/或二极管或在基材中。在这种用于制造这种数据存储和处理装置的方法中，通过以连续的步骤沉积层来在存储器和/或处理模块上提供存储器和/或处理模块。层的沉积和加工在热条件下进行，避免了将已经沉积和加工的下层或多层经受超过给定稳定极限的静态或动态温度，特别是在有机材料方面。

8. 发明申请

WO9944229A9 A METHOD FOR GENERATING ELECTRICAL CONDUCTING OR SEMICONDUCTING STRUCTURES IN TWO OR THREE DIMENSIONS, A METHOD FOR ERASING THE SAME STRUCTURES AND AN ELECTRIC FIELD GENERATOR/MODULATOR FOR USE WITH THE METHOD FOR GENERATING 审中-公开
标题翻译：一种产生二维或三维导电或半导体结构的方法，一种擦除相同结构的方法以及一种用于产生方法的电场发生器/调制器
公开(公告)号：WO9944229A9
公开(公告)日：1999-12-02
申请号：PCT/NO9900022
申请日：1999-01-28
申请人： OPTICOM AS , NORDAL PER ERIK , LEISTAD GEIRR I , GUDESEN HANS GUDE
发明人： NORDAL PER-ERIK , LEISTAD GEIRR I , GUDESEN HANS GUDE
IPC分类号： H01L21/3205 , H01L21/02 , H01L21/26 , H01L21/336 , H01L21/64 , H01L21/768 , H01L21/822 , H01L21/8238 , H01L23/52 , H01L27/092 , H01L29/06 , H01L29/786 , H01L29/861 , H01L51/05 , H01L51/40 , H01L51/80
CPC分类号： H01L51/0001 , H01L21/768 , H01L21/76888 , H01L21/76894 , H01L21/8221 , H01L51/0024 , H01L2924/0002 , Y10T29/41 , H01L2924/00
摘要： In a method for generating electrical conducting or semiconducting structures in three dimensions in a matrix which comprises two or more materials in spatially separated material structures, an electric field is applied to the separate material structure or the field-modulated spatially according to a protocol which represents a predetermined pattern of electrical conducting or semiconducting structures which are generated in the material structure in response to the field. The matrix composed by the material structures will hence comprise structures of this kind in three dimensions. In a method for global erasing an electric field is applied to the matrix until the materials in the matrix in response to the field in their entirety arrive in a non-conducting state. In an electric field generator/modulator (EFGM) which can be used for patterning and generating electrical conducting or semiconducting structures, two electrode means (E1;E2) comprise parallel strip electrodes (21;22) provided mutually spaced apart in parallel planes such that the electrodes (21, 22) form a matrix-like arrangement. The electrode means (E1;E2) are over cross-connection devices (24, 25) connected with a power supply (23). EFGM (20) is adapted for receiving a thin-film material between the electrode devices (E1, E2) in order to generate said structures.
摘要翻译：在用于在包含空间上分离的材料结构中的两种或更多种材料的矩阵中产生三维中的导电或半导体结构的方法中，电场被施加到单独的材料结构或根据协议在空间上进行场调制响应于场而在材料结构中产生预定图案的导电或半导体结构。因此，由材料结构构成的基体将在三维中包括这种结构。在用于全局擦除的方法中，将电场施加到矩阵，直到矩阵中响应于整个场的材料达到非导通状态。在可用于图案化和产生导电或半导体结构的电场发生器/调制器（EFGM）中，两个电极装置（E1; E2）包括平行条形电极（21; 22）电极（21,22）形成矩阵状布置。电极装置（E1; E2）在与电源（23）连接的交叉连接装置（24,25）上。 EFGM（20）适于接收电极装置（E1，E2）之间的薄膜材料以产生所述结构。

9. 发明申请

WO9855897B1 OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENT AND METHODS FOR RESPECTIVELY ITS PREPARATION AND OPTICAL ADDRESSING, AS WELL AS THE USE THEREOF IN AN OPTICAL LOGIC DEVICE 审中-公开
标题翻译：光学逻辑元件及其适用于光学逻辑器件的准备和光学寻址的方法
公开(公告)号：WO9855897B1
公开(公告)日：1999-04-15
申请号：PCT/NO9800168
申请日：1998-06-05
申请人： OPTICOM AS , GUDESEN HANS GUDE , LEISTAD GEIRR I , NORDAL PER ERIK
发明人： GUDESEN HANS GUDE , LEISTAD GEIRR I , NORDAL PER-ERIK
IPC分类号： G02F3/00 , G02F3/02 , G11C7/00 , G11C11/56 , G11C13/00 , G11C13/02 , G11C13/04
CPC分类号： G11C13/0014 , B82Y10/00 , G02F3/02 , G11C7/005 , G11C11/5664 , G11C13/00 , G11C13/0016 , G11C13/04 , Y10S359/90
摘要： In a multistable optical logic element with a light-sensitive organic material (1) which undergoes a photocycle with several physical states by irradiation with light, and wherein a physical state is assigned a logical value which can be changed by addressing the element optically, the element initially before the addressing is in a metastable state generated in advance. A multistable optical logic element has been made proximity-addressable by providing at least a colour light source (1) for optical addressing and at least one colour-sensitive optical detector (5) adjacent to the light-sensitive material. In a method for preparing of the light-sensitive material (1) a desired initial metastable state is generated in the photocycle and assigned a determined logical value for the element. In a method for optical addressing of the optical logic element steps for respectively writing and storing, reading, erasing and switching comprises generating transitions between states in the photocycle and detection of the states. Use in an optical logical device for storing and processing of data.
摘要翻译：在具有光敏有机材料（1）的多光学光学逻辑元件中，其通过用光照射经历具有若干物理状态的光循环，并且其中物理状态被分配可通过光学寻址元件而改变的逻辑值，元素最初在寻址之前处于预先生成的亚稳态中。通过至少提供用于光寻址的彩色光源（1）和与感光材料相邻的至少一个颜色敏感光学检测器（5），已经使多点光逻辑元件变得可接近寻址。在制备感光材料（1）的方法中，在光循环中产生期望的初始亚稳态，并为该元素分配确定的逻辑值。在用于光学逻辑元件的光寻址的方法中，用于分别写入和存储，读取，擦除和切换的步骤包括在照相机中的状态之间产生转变并检测状态。用于存储和处理数据的光学逻辑设备。

10. 发明申请

WO9858383A2 ELECTRICALLY ADDRESSABLE PASSIVE DEVICE, METHOD FOR ELECTRICAL ADDRESSING OF THE SAME AND USES OF THE DEVICE AND THE METHOD 审中-公开
标题翻译：电动地址被动装置，其电气寻址方法及装置的使用及方法
公开(公告)号：WO9858383A2
公开(公告)日：1998-12-23
申请号：PCT/NO9800185
申请日：1998-06-17
申请人： OPTICOM AS , GUDESEN HANS GUDE , LEISTAD GEIRR I , NORDAL PER ERIK
发明人： GUDESEN HANS GUDE , LEISTAD GEIRR I , NORDAL PER-ERIK
IPC分类号： G11C11/42 , G11C11/21 , G11C13/00 , G11C13/02 , G11C13/04 , G11C16/02 , G11C17/00 , G11C17/14 , H03K19/12 , H03K19/14
CPC分类号： G11C13/0014 , B82Y10/00 , G11C13/0016 , G11C13/04 , G11C17/00 , G11C17/14 , G11C17/16 , G11C17/165 , G11C2213/71 , G11C2213/77
摘要： An electrically addressable passive device for registration, storage and/or processing of data comprises a functional medium (1) in the form of a continuous or patterned structure (S) which may undergo a physical or chemical change of state. The functional medium (1) comprises individually addressable cells (2) which represent a registered or detected value or are assigned a predetermined logical value for the cell. The cell (2) is provided between the anode (3) and cathode (4) in an electrode means (E) which contacts the function medium in the cell and causes an electrical coupling therethrough, the functional medium having a non-linear impedance characteristic, whereby the cell (2) directly can be supplied with energy which effects a change in the state of the cell. In a method for electrical addressing of the passive device wherein the addressing comprises operations for i.a. detection and registration as well as further operations for writing, reading and switching of a logical value assigned to the cell, electric energy is applied directly to the functional medium of the cell in order to change its state and hence effect an addressing operation. Use in optical detector means, volumetric data storage devices or data processing devices.
摘要翻译：用于数据的配准，存储和/或处理的电可寻址的无源器件包括形式为可能经历物理或化学状态变化的连续或图案化结构（S）形式的功能介质（1）。功能介质（1）包括单独的可寻址单元（2），其表示已注册或检测到的值，或者为该单元分配了预定的逻辑值。在阳极（3）和阴极（4）之间的电极装置（E）中，电池（2）设置在与电池内的功能介质接触并引起电耦合的电极（E）中，功能介质具有非线性阻抗特性，从而可以直接向电池（2）提供影响电池状态变化的能量。在一种用于无源器件的电寻址的方法中，其中所述寻址包括对于i.a的操作。检测和注册以及分配给单元的逻辑值的写入，读取和切换的进一步操作，将电能直接施加到单元的功能介质，以便改变其状态，从而实现寻址操作。用于光学检测装置，体积数据存储装置或数据处理装置。

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