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1. 发明授权

US06472134B1 Silver halide element with improved high temperature storage and sensitivity 失效
标题翻译：具有改善的高温储存和灵敏度的卤化银元件
公开(公告)号：US06472134B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-29
申请号：US09593108
申请日：2000-06-13
申请人： Steven P. Szatynski , James H. Reynolds , Annabel A. Muenter , George J. Burgmaier
发明人： Steven P. Szatynski , James H. Reynolds , Annabel A. Muenter , George J. Burgmaier
IPC分类号： G03C7305
CPC分类号： G03C1/346 , G03C1/12 , G03C7/30511
摘要： A silver halide photographic element comprising at least one silver halide emulsion, said silver halide element further comprising an amido compound represented by Formula 1 wherein INH is a development inhibitor; LINK is a linking or timing group and m is 0, 1 or 2; and R1 and R2 independently represents an aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic group, or R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached represent the atoms necessary to form a 5 or 6 membered ring or multiple ring system; or R1 and R2 are independently a —C(═O)(LINK)m—INH group, or are substituted with an —NR3aC(═O)—(LINK)m—INH group, with R3a being defined the same as R1 or R2, and wherein the compound of Formula I does not substantially react with oxidized developer to release INH; and a fragmentable electron donor compound of the formula X—Y′ or a compound which contains a moiety of the formula —X—Y′; wherein X is an electron donor moiety, Y′ is a leaving proton H or a leaving group Y, with the proviso that if Y′ is a proton, a base, &bgr;−, is covalently linked directly or indirectly to X, and wherein: 1) X—Y′ has an oxidation potential between 0 and about 1.4 V; and 2) the oxidized form of X—Y′ undergoes a bond cleavage reaction to give the radical X• and the leaving fragment Y′, and optionally. 3) the radical X′ has an oxidation potential ≦−0.7V.
摘要翻译：包含至少一种卤化银乳剂的卤化银照相元件，所述卤化银元素还包含由式1表示的酰胺化合物，其中INH是显影抑制剂; LINK是连接或定时基团，m是0,1或2; 并且R 1和R 2独立地表示脂族，芳族或杂环基团，或者R 1和R 2与它们所连接的氮一起代表形成5或6元环或多环体系所必需的原子; 或者R 1和R 2独立地为-C（= O）（LINK）m-INH基团，或被-NR 3 a C（= O） - （LINK）m-INH基团取代，其中R 3a定义与R 1或 R2，并且其中式I的化合物基本上不与氧化显影剂反应以释放INH; 和式X-Y'的可裂解电子给体化合物或含有式-X-Y'部分的化合物; 其中X是电子给体部分，Y'是离开质子H或离去基团Y，条件是如果Y'是质子，则碱，β - 与X直接或间接共价连接，并且其中：1 ）XY'具有介于0和约1.4V之间的氧化电位; 和2）X-Y'的氧化形式经历键断裂反应，得到基团X和离去片段Y'，并且任选地，3）基团X'具有<= -0.7V的氧化电位。

2. 发明授权

US06514683B2 Photographic element with improved sensitivity and improved keeping 失效
标题翻译：摄影元件具有改进的灵敏度和改进的保持
公开(公告)号：US06514683B2
公开(公告)日：2003-02-04
申请号：US09755690
申请日：2001-01-05
申请人： Annabel A. Muenter , Steven P. Szatynski , Sharon G. Johnston
发明人： Annabel A. Muenter , Steven P. Szatynski , Sharon G. Johnston
IPC分类号： G03C108
CPC分类号： G03C1/10 , G03C1/34 , G03C7/39212 , G03C7/39236 , G03C7/3924 , G03C2200/24
摘要： This invention comprises a photographic element comprising at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing a fragmentable electron donating compound of the formula: X—Y′ or a compound which contains a moiety of the formula —X—Y′; wherein X is an electron donor moiety, Y′ is a leaving proton H or a leaving group Y, with the proviso that if Y′ is a proton, a base, &bgr;−, is present in the emulsion layer, and wherein: 1) X—Y′ has an oxidation potential between 0 and about 1.4 V; and 2) the oxidized form of X—Y′ undergoes a bond cleavage reaction to give the radical X• and the leaving fragment Y′; and 3) the radical X• has an oxidation potential ≦−0.7V; said photographic element further comprising a reductone of the Formula 2: wherein R23 and R24 are the same or different, and may represent H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or an alkyl group with a solubilizing group such as —OH, sulfonamide, sulfamoyl, or carbamoyl, or R23 and R24 may be joined to complete a heterocyclic ring, R21 and R22 are H, OH, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, or may together represent an alkylidene group, n is 1 or 2 and R20 is H, alkyl, aryl, or CO2R25 where R25 is alkyl. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the photographic element is a multicolor photographic element.
摘要翻译：本发明包括一种照相元件，其包含至少一种感光卤化银乳剂层，其含有下式的可断裂的给电子化合物：XY'或含有式-X-Y'部分的化合物;其中X是电子给体部分，Y'是离开质子H或离去基团Y，条件是如果Y'是质子，则在乳剂层中存在碱，β - ，其中：1）XY'具有氧化电位介于0和约1.4 V之间; 和2）X-Y'的氧化形式发生键断裂反应，得到X基团和离去片段Y'; 和3）基团X.具有<= -0.7V的氧化电位; 所述照相元件还包含式2的还原酮：其中R 23和R 24相同或不同，并且可以表示H，烷基，环烷基，芳基或具有增溶基团的烷基，例如-OH，磺酰胺，氨磺酰基，或氨基甲酰基，或R 23和R 24可以连接以完成杂环，R 21和R 22是H，OH，烷基，芳基，环烷基，或可以一起代表亚烷基，n是1或2，R 20是H，烷基，芳基或CO 2 R 25，其中R 25是烷基。在本发明的优选实施例中，照相元件是多色照相元件。

3. 发明授权

US06660464B1 Photographic element containing a fragmentable electron donor for improved photographic response 失效
标题翻译：含有可裂解电子供体的摄影元件，用于改善摄影反应
公开(公告)号：US06660464B1
公开(公告)日：2003-12-09
申请号：US09596464
申请日：2000-06-19
申请人： Annabel A. Muenter , Steven P. Szatynski
发明人： Annabel A. Muenter , Steven P. Szatynski
IPC分类号： G03C176
CPC分类号： G03C1/10 , G03C1/12 , G03C1/49845 , G03C1/7954 , G03C2200/24
摘要： This invention comprises a silver halide photographic element comprising a support with low oxygen permeability and at least one silver halide emulsion layer containing a fragmentable electron donating compound of the formula: X—Y′ or a compound which contains a moiety of the formula —X—Y′; wherein X is an electron donor moiety, Y′ is a leaving proton H or a leaving group Y, with the proviso that if Y′ is a proton, a base, &bgr;−, is present in the emulsion layer, and wherein: 1) X—Y′ has an oxidation potential between 0 and about 1.4 V; and 2) the oxidized form of X—Y′ undergoes a bond cleavage reaction to give the radical X• and the leaving fragment Y′; and, optionally, 3) the radical X• has an oxidation potential≦−0.7V (that is, equal to or more negative than about −0.7V).
摘要翻译：本发明包括一种卤化银照相元件，其包含具有低透氧性的载体和至少一个含有下式的可分散给电子化合物的卤化银乳剂层：XY'或含有式-X-Y'部分的化合物， ; 其中X是电子给体部分，Y'是离开质子H或离去基团Y，条件是如果Y'是质子，则在乳剂层中存在碱，其中：1 ）XY'具有介于0和约1.4V之间的氧化电位; 和2）XY'的氧化形式发生键断裂反应，得到基团X'和离去片段Y';以及任选的3）基团X'具有<= -0.7V（即等于或大于约-0.7V的负值）。

4. 发明授权

US06428947B1 Multicolor photographic element with improved latent image keeping 失效
标题翻译：具有改进的潜像保持的多色摄影元件
公开(公告)号：US06428947B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-06
申请号：US09755419
申请日：2001-01-05
申请人： Sharon G. Johnston , Annabel A. Muenter , Steven P. Szatynski , Jerome R. Lenhard
发明人： Sharon G. Johnston , Annabel A. Muenter , Steven P. Szatynski , Jerome R. Lenhard
IPC分类号： G03C146
CPC分类号： G03C7/39208 , G03C1/12 , G03C7/3003 , G03C7/3041 , G03C2003/006 , G03C2200/24 , Y10S430/156
摘要： This invention comprises multicolor photographic element comprising a support bearing a cyan dye image-forming unit comprising at least one red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith at least one cyan dye-forming coupler, a magenta dye image-forming unit comprising at least one green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith at least one magenta dye-forming coupler, a yellow dye image-forming unit comprising at least one blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith at least one yellow dye-forming coupler, wherein at least one of said red-sensitive or green-sensitive layers comprises a fragmentable electron donating compound of the formula: X—Y′ or a compound which contains a moiety of the formula —X—Y′; wherein the speed gain deriving from addition of said compound to said layer is less than or equal to 0.05 log sensitivity units and wherein X is an electron donor moiety, Y′ is a leaving proton H or a leaving group Y, with the proviso that if Y′ is a proton, a base, &bgr;−, is present in the emulsion layer, and wherein: 1) X—Y′ has an oxidation potential between 0 and about 1.4 V; 2) the oxidized form of X—Y′ undergoes a bond cleavage reaction to give the radical X· and the leaving fragment Y′, and 3) the radical X· has an oxidation potential ≦−0.7V.
摘要翻译：本发明包括多色照相元件，其包含支持青色染料成像单元的载体，该单元包括至少一种与其相关联的至少一种形成青色染料的成色剂的感红卤化银乳剂层，品红色染料影像形成单元至少包括一种感绿卤化银乳剂层，其具有与至少一种品红色染料形成成色剂相关联的黄色染料影像形成单元，其包含至少一种感蓝卤化银乳剂层，其具有至少一种形成黄色染料的成色剂，其中所述红敏敏感层或绿敏层中的至少一个包含下式的可裂解供电子化合物：XY'或含有式-X-Y'部分的化合物;其中来自添加的速度增益所述化合物与所述层的摩尔比小于或等于0.05log灵敏度单元，并且其中X是电子给体部分，Y'是离开质子H或离开组Y，条件是如果Y'是质子，则在乳剂层中存在碱，β - ，其中：1）XY'具有在0和约1.4V之间的氧化电位; 2）氧化形式的XY'经历键断裂反应以产生基团X.和离开的片段Y'，和3）基团X.具有氧化势<= -0.7V。

5. 发明授权

US06531272B1 Color photographic element containing a fragmentable electron donor for improved photographic response 失效
标题翻译：含有可裂解电子供体的彩色照相元件，用于改善照相反应
公开(公告)号：US06531272B1
公开(公告)日：2003-03-11
申请号：US09236708
申请日：1999-01-25
申请人： James A. Friday , Joseph P. Pepe , Jeffrey C. Hansen , Annabel A. Muenter , Jerome R. Lenhard
发明人： James A. Friday , Joseph P. Pepe , Jeffrey C. Hansen , Annabel A. Muenter , Jerome R. Lenhard
IPC分类号： G03C108
CPC分类号： G03C7/3022 , G03C1/0051 , G03C1/10 , G03C2001/03594 , G03C2200/24
摘要： This invention comprises a multicolor photographic element comprising a support bearing a cyan dye image-forming unit comprising at least one red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith at least one cyan dye-forming coupler, a magenta dye image-forming unit comprising at least one green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith at least one magenta dye-forming coupler, a yellow dye image-forming unit comprising at least one blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith at least one yellow dye-forming coupler, wherein at least one of said layers comprises large tabular grains having an average circular diameter of greater than 2 &mgr;m and contains a fragmentable electron donating compound is of the formula: X—Y′ or a compound which contains a moiety of the formula —X—Y′; wherein X is an electron donor moiety, Y′ is a leaving proton H or a leaving group Y, with the proviso that if Y′ is a proton, a base, &bgr;−, is covalently linked directly or indirectly to X, and wherein: 1) X—Y′ has an oxidation potential between 0 and about 1.4 V; and 2) the oxidized form of X—Y′ undergoes a bond cleavage reaction to give the radical X. and the leaving fragment Y′; and, optionally, 3) the radical X. has an oxidation potential ≦−0.7V (that is, equal to or more negative than about −0.7V).
摘要翻译：本发明包括一种多色照相元件，其包含支持青色染料成像单元的载体，该单元包含至少一种与其相关联的至少一种形成青色染料的成色剂的感红卤化银乳剂层，品红染料影像形成单元包括至少一种感绿卤化银乳剂层，其与至少一种品红色染料形成成色剂相关联，黄色染料影像形成单元，其包含至少一种蓝敏感卤化银乳剂层，其具有至少一种形成黄色染料的成色剂，其中所述层中的至少一个包括平均圆直径大于2μm的大片状颗粒，并且含有可分裂的给电子化合物具有下式：XY'或含有式-X-Y部分的化合物 '; 其中X是电子给体部分，Y'是离开质子H或离去基团Y，条件是如果Y'是质子，则碱，β - 与X直接或间接共价连接，并且其中：1 ）XY'具有介于0和约1.4V之间的氧化电位; 和2）X-Y'的氧化形式发生键断裂反应，得到X基团和离去片段Y'; 和任选地，3）基团X的氧化电位<= -0.7V（即等于或大于约-0.7V的负值）。

6. 发明授权

US06010841A Silver halide light sensitive emulsion layer having enhanced photographic sensitivity 失效
标题翻译：具有增强的照相感光度的卤化银感光乳剂层
公开(公告)号：US06010841A
公开(公告)日：2000-01-04
申请号：US739911
申请日：1996-10-30
申请人： Samir Y. Farid , Jerome R. Lenhard , Chin H. Chen , Annabel A. Muenter , Ian R. Gould , Stephen A. Godleski , Paul A. Zielinski
发明人： Samir Y. Farid , Jerome R. Lenhard , Chin H. Chen , Annabel A. Muenter , Ian R. Gould , Stephen A. Godleski , Paul A. Zielinski
IPC分类号： G03C1/12 , C09B23/04 , G03C1/16 , G03C1/28 , G03C1/08
CPC分类号： C09B23/04 , G03C1/16 , G03C2200/24
摘要： A photographic element comprises at least one silver halide emulsion layer in which the silver halide is sensitized with a compound of formulaZ-(L-XY).sub.kwherein:Z is a light absorbing group;L is a linking group containing a least one C, N, S, or O atom; andk is 1 or 2; andXY represents a fragmentable electron donor moiety wherein:1) XY has a an oxidation potential between 0 and about 1.4 V;2) X is an electron donor group;3) Y is a leaving group other than hydrogen; and4) the oxidized form of XY undergoes a bond cleavage reaction to give the radical X.sup..cndot. and the leaving fragment Y.In a preferred embodiment the radical X.sup..cndot. has an oxidation potential of .ltoreq.-0.7 V.
摘要翻译：照相元件包括至少一个卤化银乳剂层，其中卤化银与式Z-（L-XY）k化合物敏化，其中：Z是光吸收基团; L是含有至少一个C，N，S或O原子的连接基团; k为1或2; 并且XY表示可裂解的电子供体部分，其中：1）XY具有在0和约1.4V之间的氧化电位; 2）X是电子给体基团; 3）Y是氢以外的离去基团; 和4）XY的氧化形式经历键断裂反应，得到基团X.和离去片段Y.在优选的实施方案中，基团X.具有

7. 发明授权

US6153371A Silver halide light sensitive emulsion layer having enhanced photographic sensitivity 失效
标题翻译：具有增强的照相感光度的卤化银感光乳剂层
公开(公告)号：US6153371A
公开(公告)日：2000-11-28
申请号：US118552
申请日：1998-07-17
申请人： Samir Y. Farid , Ian R. Gould , Stephen A. Godleski , Jerome R. Lenhard , Annabel A. Muenter , Paul A. Zielinski
发明人： Samir Y. Farid , Ian R. Gould , Stephen A. Godleski , Jerome R. Lenhard , Annabel A. Muenter , Paul A. Zielinski
IPC分类号： G03C1/10 , G03C1/12 , G03C1/29
CPC分类号： G03C1/12 , G03C1/10 , G03C1/29 , G03C2200/24
摘要： This invention comprises a photographic element comprising a support and at least one silver halide emulsion layer in which the silver halide is sensitized with a compound of the formula:Q-XYwherein Q represents the atoms necessary to form a chromophore comprising an amidinium-ion, a carboxyl-ion or dipolar-amidic chromophoric system when conjugated with XY, and XY is a fragmentable electron donor moiety in which X is an electron donor group and Y is a leaving group other than hydrogen, and wherein:1) XY has an oxidation potential between 0 and about 1.4 V;2) the oxidized form of XY undergoes a bond cleavage reaction to give the radical X.sup..cndot. and the leaving fragment Y.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the radical X.cndot. has an oxidation potential
摘要翻译：本发明包括一种照相元件，其包括载体和至少一个卤化银乳剂层，其中卤化银用下式化合物敏化：Q-XY，其中Q表示形成包含脒鎓离子的发色团所需的原子，羧基离子或偶极 - 酰胺发色体系，XY为可裂解的电子给体部分，其中X为电子给体基团，Y为氢以外的离去基团，其中：1）XY具有氧化电位介于0和约1.4 V之间; 2）XY的氧化形式经历键断裂反应，得到基团X.和离去片段Y.在本发明的优选实施方案中，基团X的氧化势<-0.7V。

8. 发明授权

US06306570B1 Silver halide light sensitive emulsion layer having enhanced photographic sensitivity 失效
标题翻译：具有增强的照相感光度的卤化银感光乳剂层
公开(公告)号：US06306570B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-23
申请号：US09536300
申请日：2000-03-27
申请人： Anthony Adin , Jerome J. Looker , Samir Y. Farid , Ian R. Gould , Stephen A. Godleski , Jerome R. Lenhard , Annabel A. Muenter , Lal C. Vishwakarma , Paul A. Zielinski
发明人： Anthony Adin , Jerome J. Looker , Samir Y. Farid , Ian R. Gould , Stephen A. Godleski , Jerome R. Lenhard , Annabel A. Muenter , Lal C. Vishwakarma , Paul A. Zielinski
IPC分类号： G03C110
CPC分类号： G03C1/10 , G03C1/12 , G03C2200/24
摘要： A photographic element comprising at least one silver halide emulsion layer in which the silver halide is sensitized with a compound of the formula: wherein A is a silver halide adsorptive group that contains at least one atom of N, S, Se, or Te that promotes adsorption to silver halide, and Z is a light absorbing group including for example cyanine dyes, complex cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, complex merocyanine dyes, homopolar cyanine dyes, styryl dyes, oxonol dyes, hemioxonol dyes, and hemicyanine dyes, and XY is an fragmentable electron donor moiety in which X is an electron donor group and Y is a leaving group other than hydrogen, and wherein: 1) XY has an oxidation potential between 0 and about 1.4 V; and 2) the oxidized form of XY undergoes a bond cleavage reaction to give the radical X• and the leaving fragment Y. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the radical X• has an oxidation potential ≦−0.7 V.
摘要翻译：一种照相元件，包括至少一个卤化银乳剂层，其中卤化银用下式化合物致敏：其中A是含有至少一个促进的N，S，Se或Te原子的卤化银吸附基团 Z为吸光性基团，例如为花青染料，复合花青染料，部花菁染料，复色部花青染料，单极花青染料，苯乙烯基染料，氧杂菁染料，半氧杂菁染料，半花青染料，XY为其中X是电子给体基团，Y是除氢以外的离去基团，其中：1）XY具有介于0和约1.4V之间的氧化电位; 和2）XY的氧化形式经历键断裂反应以得到基团X.和离去片段Y.在本发明的优选实施方案中，基团X具有<= -0.7V的氧化电位。

9. 发明授权

US5747236A Silver halide light sensitive emulsion layer having enhanced photographic sensitivity 失效
标题翻译：具有增强的照相感光度的卤化银感光乳剂层
公开(公告)号：US5747236A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-05
申请号：US740536
申请日：1996-10-30
申请人： Samir Y. Farid , Jerome R. Lenhard , Chin H. Chen , Annabel A. Muenter , Ian R. Gould , Stephen A. Godleski , Paul A. Zielinski , Charles H. Weidner
发明人： Samir Y. Farid , Jerome R. Lenhard , Chin H. Chen , Annabel A. Muenter , Ian R. Gould , Stephen A. Godleski , Paul A. Zielinski , Charles H. Weidner
IPC分类号： G03C7/00 , G03C1/10 , G03C1/12 , G03C1/28 , G03C1/34 , G03C1/08
CPC分类号： G03C1/10 , G03C1/12 , G03C1/34 , G03C2200/24
摘要： A photographic element comprises a support and at least one silver halide emulsion layer in which the silver halide is sensitized with a fragmentable electron donor of the formula X--Y, wherein X is an electron donor moiety and Y is a leaving group other than hydrogen, and wherein: 1) X--Y has an oxidation potential between 0 and about 1.4 V; and 2) the oxidized form of X--Y undergoes a bond cleavage reaction to give the radical X.sup..cndot. and the leaving fragment Y. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the radical X.sup..cndot. has an oxidation potential .ltoreq.-0.7V.
摘要翻译：照相元件包括载体和至少一个卤化银乳剂层，其中卤化银用式XY的可裂解电子给体致敏，其中X是电子给体部分，Y是除氢以外的离去基团，其中：1）XY具有介于0和约1.4V之间的氧化电位; 和2）X-Y的氧化形式经历键断裂反应，得到基团X.和离去片段Y.在本发明的一个优选实施方案中，基团X的氧化电势为-0.7V。

10. 发明授权

US06518008B1 Fragmentable electron donor compounds in combination with high bromide tabular grain emulsions 失效
标题翻译：可分散电子给体化合物与高溴化物片状颗粒乳剂的组合
公开(公告)号：US06518008B1
公开(公告)日：2003-02-11
申请号：US09236818
申请日：1999-01-25
申请人： James A. Friday , Roger A. Bryant , Annabel A. Muenter , Jerome R. Lenhard
发明人： James A. Friday , Roger A. Bryant , Annabel A. Muenter , Jerome R. Lenhard
IPC分类号： G03C108
CPC分类号： G03C1/10 , G03C1/0051 , G03C7/3022 , G03C7/392 , G03C2200/24
摘要： A multicolor photographic element comprising a support bearing a cyan dye image-forming unit comprising at least one red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith at least one cyan dye-forming coupler, a magenta dye image-forming unit comprising at least one green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith at least one magenta dye-forming coupler, a yellow dye image-forming unit comprising at least one blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith at least one yellow dye-forming coupler, wherein at least one of said silver halide emulsion layers contains a tabular grain silver halide emulsion having a halide content of at least 95% bromide and less than about 5% iodide, said iodide being substantially uniformly distributed in the silver halide grains of said emulsion, and said emulsion is sensitized with a fragmentable electron donor of the formula X—Y′ or an electron donor which contains an —XY′ moiety; wherein X is an electron donor moiety, Y′ is a leaving proton H or a leaving group Y, with the proviso that if Y′ is a proton, a base, &bgr;−, is covalently linked directly or indirectly to X, and wherein: 1) X—Y′ has an oxidation potential between 0 and about 1.4 V; and 2) the oxidized form of X—Y′ fragments to give the radical X* and the leaving fragment Y′; and, optionally, 3) the radical X* has an oxidation potential
摘要翻译：一种多色照相元件，其特征在于，包含支持青色染料成像单元的载体，所述载体包括至少一种与其相关联的至少一种形成青色染料的成色剂的红色感光卤化银乳剂层，品红色染料影像形成单元包括至少一种绿色具有与至少一种品红色染料形成成色剂相关联的感光卤化银乳剂层，黄色染料成像单元，其包含至少一种感蓝卤化银乳剂层，其具有至少一种形成黄色染料的成色剂，其中在所述卤化银乳剂层中的至少一种含有卤化物含量为至少95％溴化物和小于约5％碘化物的片状粒状卤化银乳剂，所述碘化物基本均匀地分布在所述乳液的卤化银颗粒中，所述用式XY'的可裂解电子给体或含有-XY'部分的电子给体使乳液敏化; 其中X是电子给体部分，Y'是离开质子H或离去基团Y，条件是如果Y'是质子，则碱，β - 与X直接或间接共价连接，并且其中：1 ）XY'具有介于0和约1.4V之间的氧化电位; 和2）X-Y'片段的氧化形式，得到基团X *和离去片段Y'; 和任选地，3）基团X *具有<-0.7V的氧化电位。

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