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    • 2. 发明授权
    • Optical change-over switch utilizing ferroelectric liquid crystal
material
    • 利用铁电液晶材料的光转换开关
    • US4836657A
    • 1989-06-06
    • US940491
    • 1986-12-10
    • Yasuhiro GunjiSadayuki OkadaMasato IsogaiKatsumi KondoMasahiko IbamotoKazuhiro KuwabaraAtsushi Kanke
    • Yasuhiro GunjiSadayuki OkadaMasato IsogaiKatsumi KondoMasahiko IbamotoKazuhiro KuwabaraAtsushi Kanke
    • G02F1/1333G02F1/141
    • G02F1/1326G02F1/141
    • The liquid crystal cell (30) for the optical change-over switch comprises a pair of transparent substrates (1), a pair of transparent flat electrodes (2) provided on the respective opposing surfaces of the substrates, orientation control films (3) provided on the flat electrodes (2), two pair of comb shaped electrodes (33) respectively provided on the orientation control films (3), and a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer (4) confined between the substrates (1). The optical incidence plane (31) to the cell (30) is so selected that the plane (31) is away from the helical axes (9) of the ferroelectric liquid crystal in the cell (30) in the order of somewhat greater than the tilt angle (.theta..sub.t) of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. The pair of flat electrodes (2) generate a first electric field (37a) perpendicular to the layer (32) and orient the long axes of the ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules into a first orientation (35a') parallel to the layer (32 ) to induce a first refractive index which causes simultaneous reflection of unpolarized light beam (7+8) with a predetermined incidence angle (.theta.). The two pair of comb shaped electrodes (33) generate a second electric field (37b') parallel to the layer and perpendicular to the helical axes (9) and orient the long axes of the molecules into a second orientation (35b') not in parallel to the layer (32) to induce a second refractive index which causes simultaneous transmission of the unpolarized light beam (7+8) with the predetermined incidence angle (.theta.).
    • 用于光转换开关的液晶单元(30)包括一对透明基板(1),设置在基板的相应相对表面上的一对透明平板电极(2),提供定向控制膜 在平面电极(2)上,分别设置在取向控制膜(3)上的两对梳状电极(33)和限制在基板(1)之间的铁电液晶层(4)。 选择细胞(30)的光入射平面(31),以使得平面(31)以略大于细胞(30)的大小的顺序远离细胞(30)中的铁电液晶的螺旋轴(9) 铁电液晶的倾斜角(θt)。 一对扁平电极(2)产生垂直于层(32)的第一电场(37a),并将铁电液晶分子的长轴定向成与层(32)平行的第一取向(35a')至 诱导第一折射率,其引起非偏振光束(7 + 8)以预定入射角(θ)的同时反射。 两对梳状电极(33)产生平行于该层并垂直于螺旋轴(9)的第二电场(37b'),并使分子的长轴定向成不在第二取向(35b') 平行于层(32)以诱导第二折射率,其引起非偏振光束(7 + 8)以预定入射角(θ)的同时透射。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Flow measuring device
    • 流量测量装置
    • US07499819B2
    • 2009-03-03
    • US11698074
    • 2007-01-26
    • Atsushi KankeTakahiro MikiKelji Hanzawa
    • Atsushi KankeTakahiro MikiKelji Hanzawa
    • G01F1/12G01F1/50G01F25/00
    • G01F1/698G01F1/6965
    • A flow measuring device has a sensor element for outputting a nonlinear signal according to a flow rate. In the device, a first signal processing system obtains a first signal by filtering the nonlinear signal output from the sensor element, thereafter corrects a sensitivity of the filtered signal. A second signal processing system obtains a second signal by linearizing the nonlinear signal from the sensor element, thereafter filters the linearized signal and corrects a sensitivity of the filtered signal, and then non-linearizes the linearized signal with a corrected sensitivity. An amplifier amplifies a differential signal between the first and second signals. A correcting section corrects the nonlinear signal by using the amplified differential signal.
    • 流量测量装置具有用于根据流量输出非线性信号的传感器元件。 在该装置中,第一信号处理系统通过对从传感器元件输出的非线性信号进行滤波来获得第一信号,然后校正滤波信号的灵敏度。 第二信号处理系统通过线性化来自传感器元件的非线性信号获得第二信号,然后对线性化信号进行滤波,并校正滤波信号的灵敏度,然后以校正的灵敏度对线性化信号进行非线性化。 放大器放大第一和第二信号之间的差分信号。 校正部分通过使用放大的差分信号校正非线性信号。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Mass airflow measuring apparatus
    • 大气流量测仪
    • US06860149B2
    • 2005-03-01
    • US10652029
    • 2003-09-02
    • Shinya IgarashiAtsushi KankeRintarou MinamitaniKeiichi NakadaIzumi Watanabe
    • Shinya IgarashiAtsushi KankeRintarou MinamitaniKeiichi NakadaIzumi Watanabe
    • G01F1/68F02D35/00F02D41/04F02D45/00G01F1/696G01F1/698
    • G01F1/6983F02D41/042
    • To offer a mass airflow measuring apparatus in which the effect of the adhesion onto the heating resistor caused while the engine is off is reduced and the measuring accuracy is improved. The apparatus measures the mass airflow of the air sucked into the internal combustion engine, using the heating resistor 1. The power control circuit 4 maintains the heating resistor 1 temperature equal to or higher than the temperature during the operation of the internal combustion engine after the internal combustion engine has stopped and until the temperature of the internal combustion engine and its apparatuses installed in the suction system has lowered below the generation temperature of volatile gas such as oil vapor. The power control circuit 4, using the temperature sensing resistor 2 that detects the temperature of the air sucked into the combustion engine, detects the air temperature and maintains the heating resistor 1 temperature, based on the temperature measured, equal to or higher than the temperature during the operation of the internal combustion engine even after the internal combustion engine has stopped.
    • 提供一种质量气流测量装置,其中在发动机关闭时引起在加热电阻器上的附着力的影响减小,并且提高了测量精度。 该装置使用加热电阻器1测量吸入内燃机的空气的质量气流。功率控制电路4将发热电阻体1的温度保持在等于或高于内燃机运转后的温度 内燃机已经停止,并且直到安装在抽吸系统中的内燃机及其装置的温度降低到低于诸如油蒸气的挥发性气体的发生温度。 功率控制电路4使用检测吸入到内燃机中的空气的温度的温度检测电阻器2,根据测得的温度检测空气温度并维持加热电阻器1的温度等于或高于温度 即使在内燃机停止之后,内燃机的运转也是如此。