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1. 发明授权

US08420362B2 In situ precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) by indigenous microorganisms to improve mechanical properties of a geomaterial 有权
标题翻译：通过土着微生物原位沉淀碳酸钙（CaCO3）以改善地质材料的机械性能
公开(公告)号：US08420362B2
公开(公告)日：2013-04-16
申请号：US12802103
申请日：2010-05-28
申请人： Ronald L. Crawford , Malcolm B. Burbank , Thomas J. Weaver , Barbara C. Williams
发明人： Ronald L. Crawford , Malcolm B. Burbank , Thomas J. Weaver , Barbara C. Williams
IPC分类号： C12P3/00 , C12N9/00 , C12N1/20 , C12N15/00
CPC分类号： C12P3/00 , C04B2/02 , C04B28/10 , C04B2103/0001
摘要： A method for increasing the concentration of calcium carbonate in a geomaterial that contains indigenous microorganisms capable of hydrolyzing urea to ammonia, which method includes enriching the geomaterial with a source of nutrients, adding urea to the geomaterial which is hydrolyzed to ammonia and which raises the pH of the geomaterial, and adding a source of calcium ions to the geomaterial. Carbonate ions obtained by the hydrolysis of the urea combine with calcium ions to form calcium carbonate.
摘要翻译：一种增加含有能够将尿素水解成氨的本土微生物的地质材料中的碳酸钙浓度的方法，该方法包括用营养物来源富集地质材料，向被水解成氨的地质材料中加入尿素并提高pH 的地质材料，并将钙离子源添加到地质材料中。通过尿素水解获得的碳酸根离子与钙离子结合形成碳酸钙。

2. 发明申请

US20110027850A1 In situ precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) by indigenous microorganisms to improve mechanical properties of a geomaterial 有权
标题翻译：通过土着微生物原位沉淀碳酸钙（CaCO3）以改善地质材料的机械性能
公开(公告)号：US20110027850A1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-03
申请号：US12802103
申请日：2010-05-28
申请人： Ronald L. Crawford , Malcolm B. Burbank , Thomas J. Weaver , Barbara C. Williams
发明人： Ronald L. Crawford , Malcolm B. Burbank , Thomas J. Weaver , Barbara C. Williams
IPC分类号： C12P3/00
CPC分类号： C12P3/00 , C04B2/02 , C04B28/10 , C04B2103/0001
摘要： A method for increasing the concentration of calcium carbonate in a geomaterial that contains indigenous microorganisms capable of hydrolyzing urea to ammonia, which method includes enriching the geomaterial with a source of nutrients, adding urea to the geomaterial which is hydrolyzed to ammonia and which raises the pH of the geomaterial, and adding a source of calcium ions to the geomaterial. Carbonate ions obtained by the hydrolysis of the urea combine with calcium ions to form calcium carbonate.
摘要翻译：一种增加含有能够将尿素水解成氨的本土微生物的地质材料中的碳酸钙浓度的方法，该方法包括用营养物来源富集地质材料，向被水解成氨的地质材料中加入尿素并提高pH 的地质材料，并将钙离子源添加到地质材料中。通过尿素水解获得的碳酸根离子与钙离子结合形成碳酸钙。

3. 发明授权

US5616162A Biological system for degrading nitroaromatics in water and soils 失效
标题翻译：降解硝酸芳香烃在水土中的生物体系
公开(公告)号：US5616162A
公开(公告)日：1997-04-01
申请号：US545903
申请日：1995-10-20
申请人： Donald L. Crawford , Todd O. Stevens , Ronald L. Crawford
发明人： Donald L. Crawford , Todd O. Stevens , Ronald L. Crawford
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/02 , B09C1/10 , C02F3/12 , C02F3/28 , C02F3/30 , C02F3/34 , C12N1/20 , C02F11/08 , C02F3/00 , C05G3/00
CPC分类号： C02F3/34 , A62D3/02 , B09C1/10 , C02F3/1231 , C02F3/2806 , C02F3/286 , C02F3/30 , C12N1/20 , C12R1/01 , C12R1/145 , C12R1/22 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , C02F2101/003 , Y02E50/343 , Y02W10/15 , Y10S71/903
摘要： Novel methods for biodegrading nitroaromatic compounds present as contaminants in soil or water using microorganisms are disclosed. Water is treatable directly; dry soil is first converted into a fluid medium by addition of water. The preferred method comprises two stages, each employing microorganisms: a fermentative stage, followed by an anaerobic stage. The fermentative stage is rapid, wherein an inoculum of aerobic and/or facultative microorganisms ferments a carbohydrate added to the fluid medium, exhausting the oxygen in the fluid medium and thereby inhibiting oxidative polymerization of amino by-products of the nitroaromatics. In the subsequent anaerobic stage, an inoculum of a mixed population of anaerobic microorganisms completes the mineralization of the contaminant nitroaromatics, using the remaining carbohydrate as a carbon and energy source. Preferably, the carbohydrate is a starch and the aerobic and/or facultative microorganisms are amylolytic, which cleave the starch at a moderate rate throughout both stages, ensuring a sustained supply of metabolizable carbohydrate. The microorganisms are preferably selected to be resistant to the types and concentrations of nitroaromatics present as contaminants.
摘要翻译：公开了使用微生物在土壤或水中作为污染物存在的硝基芳族化合物生物降解的新方法。水可直接对待; 干土首先通过加水转化成流体介质。优选的方法包括两个阶段，每个阶段使用微生物：发酵阶段，然后是厌氧阶段。发酵阶段是快速的，其中有氧和/或兼性微生物的接种物将加入到流体介质中的碳水化合物发酵，排出流体介质中的氧，从而抑制硝基芳族化合物的氨基副产物的氧化聚合。在随后的厌氧阶段，厌氧微生物的混合群体的接种物完成了污染物硝基芳族化合物的矿化，使用剩余的碳水化合物作为碳和能源。优选地，碳水化合物是淀粉，并且需氧和/或兼性微生物是淀粉分解的，其在两个阶段以适中的速度切割淀粉，确保可代谢的碳水化合物的持续供应。优选选择微生物以对作为污染物存在的硝基芳族化合物的类型和浓度具有抗性。

4. 发明授权

US4713340A Biodegradation of pentachlorophenol 失效
标题翻译：五氯苯酚的生物降解
公开(公告)号：US4713340A
公开(公告)日：1987-12-15
申请号：US620231
申请日：1984-06-13
申请人： Ronald L. Crawford
发明人： Ronald L. Crawford
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/02 , B09B3/00 , B09C1/10 , C02F3/12 , C02F3/34 , C12N1/20 , C12R1/20
CPC分类号： A62D3/02 , B09B3/00 , B09C1/10 , C02F3/1231 , C02F3/34 , C12R1/20 , A62D2101/22 , Y02W10/15 , Y10S210/909 , Y10S435/85
摘要： A bacterium of the genus Flavobacterium which utilizes pentachlorophenol (PCP) as its sole carbon and energy source, which tolerates media PCP concentrations over about 250 mg/l, and which may be used in methods of detoxifying PCP-contaminated material.
摘要翻译：利用五氯苯酚（PCP）作为其唯一碳源和能源的黄杆菌属细菌，其耐受培养基PCP浓度超过约250mg / l，并且可用于解毒PCP污染物质的方法。

5. 发明授权

US06348639B1 Biological system for degrading nitroaromatics in water and soils 失效
标题翻译：降解硝酸芳香烃在水土中的生物体系
公开(公告)号：US06348639B1
公开(公告)日：2002-02-19
申请号：US09588439
申请日：2000-06-06
申请人： Donald L. Crawford , Todd O. Stevens , Ronald L. Crawford
发明人： Donald L. Crawford , Todd O. Stevens , Ronald L. Crawford
IPC分类号： A62D300
CPC分类号： C02F3/34 , A62D3/02 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , B09C1/10 , C02F3/1231 , C02F3/2806 , C02F3/286 , C02F3/30 , C02F2101/003 , C12N1/20 , C12R1/01 , C12R1/145 , C12R1/22 , Y02E50/343 , Y02W10/15 , Y10S71/903
摘要： Methods for biodegrading nitroaromatic compounds present as contaminants in soil or water using microorganisms are disclosed. Water is treatable directly; dry soil is first converted into a fluid medium by addition of water. The preferred method comprises two stages, each employing microorganisms: a fermentative stage, followed by an anaerobic stage. The fermentative stage is rapid, wherein an inoculum of aerobic and/or facultative microorganisms ferments a carbohydrate added to the fluid medium, exhausting the oxygen in the fluid medium and thereby inhibiting oxidative polymerization of amino by-products of the nitroaromatics. In the subsequent anaerobic stage, an inoculum of a mixed population of anaerobic microorganisms completes the mineralization of the contaminant nitroaromatics, using the remaining carbohydrate as a carbon and energy source. Preferably, the carbohydrate is a starch and the aerobic and/or facultative microorganisms are amylolytic, which cleave the starch at a moderate rate throughout both stages, ensuring a sustained supply of metabolizable carbohydrate. The microorganisms are preferably selected to be resistant to the types and concentrations of nitroaromatics present as contaminants.
摘要翻译：公开了使用微生物在土壤或水中作为污染物存在的硝基芳族化合物生物降解的方法。水可直接对待; 干土首先通过加水转化成流体介质。优选的方法包括两个阶段，每个阶段使用微生物：发酵阶段，然后是厌氧阶段。发酵阶段是快速的，其中有氧和/或兼性微生物的接种物将加入到流体介质中的碳水化合物发酵，排出流体介质中的氧，从而抑制硝基芳族化合物的氨基副产物的氧化聚合。在随后的厌氧阶段，厌氧微生物的混合种群的接种物完成了污染物硝基芳族化合物的矿化，使用剩余的碳水化合物作为碳和能源。优选地，碳水化合物是淀粉，并且需氧和/或兼性微生物是淀粉分解的，其在两个阶段以适中的速度切割淀粉，确保可代谢的碳水化合物的持续供应。优选选择微生物以对作为污染物存在的硝基芳族化合物的类型和浓度具有抗性。

6. 发明授权

US5387271A Biological system for degrading nitroaromatics in water and soils 失效
标题翻译：降解硝酸芳香烃在水土中的生物体系
公开(公告)号：US5387271A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-07
申请号：US96735
申请日：1993-07-23
申请人： Donald L. Crawford , Todd O. Stevens , Ronald L. Crawford
发明人： Donald L. Crawford , Todd O. Stevens , Ronald L. Crawford
IPC分类号： A01N33/22 , A62D3/02 , B09C1/10 , C02F3/00 , C02F3/12 , C02F3/28 , C02F3/30 , C02F3/34 , C05F11/08 , C05G3/00 , C07C205/23 , C09K17/32 , C09K101/00
CPC分类号： C02F3/34 , B09C1/10 , C02F3/1231 , C02F3/2806 , C02F3/286 , C02F3/30 , C02F2101/003 , Y02E50/343 , Y02W10/15 , Y02W30/47 , Y10S71/903
摘要： Novel methods for biodegrading nitroaromatic compounds present as contaminants in soil or water using microorganisms are disclosed. Water is treatable directly; dry soil is first converted into a fluid medium by addition of water. The preferred method comprises two stages, each employing microorganisms: a fermentative stage, followed by an anaerobic stage. The fermentative stage is rapid, wherein an inoculum of aerobic and/or facultative microorganisms ferments a carbohydrate added to the fluid medium, exhausting the oxygen in the fluid medium and thereby inhibiting oxidative polymerization of amino by-products of the nitroaromatics. In the subsequent anaerobic stage an inoculum of a mixed population of anaerobic microorganisms completes the mineralization of the contaminant nitroaromatics, using the remaining carbohydrate as a carbon and energy source. Preferably, the carbohydrate is a starch and the aerobic and/or facultative microorganisms are amylolytic, which cleave the starch at a moderate rate throughout both stages, ensuring a sustained supply of metabolizable carbohydrate. The microorganisms are preferably selected to be resistant to the types and concentrations of nitroaromatics present as contaminants.
摘要翻译：公开了使用微生物在土壤或水中作为污染物存在的硝基芳族化合物生物降解的新方法。水可直接对待; 干土首先通过加水转化成流体介质。优选的方法包括两个阶段，每个阶段使用微生物：发酵阶段，然后是厌氧阶段。发酵阶段是快速的，其中有氧和/或兼性微生物的接种物将加入到流体介质中的碳水化合物发酵，排出流体介质中的氧，从而抑制硝基芳族化合物的氨基副产物的氧化聚合。在随后的厌氧阶段，厌氧微生物的混合群体的接种物完成了污染物硝基芳族化合物的矿化，使用剩余的碳水化合物作为碳和能源。优选地，碳水化合物是淀粉，并且需氧和/或兼性微生物是淀粉分解的，其在两个阶段以适中的速度切割淀粉，确保可代谢的碳水化合物的持续供应。优选选择微生物以对作为污染物存在的硝基芳族化合物的类型和浓度具有抗性。

7. 发明授权

US06334954B1 Biological system for degrading nitroaromatics in water and soils 失效
标题翻译：降解硝酸芳香烃在水土中的生物体系
公开(公告)号：US06334954B1
公开(公告)日：2002-01-01
申请号：US09587648
申请日：2000-06-05
申请人： Donald L. Crawford , Todd O. Stevens , Ronald L. Crawford
发明人： Donald L. Crawford , Todd O. Stevens , Ronald L. Crawford
IPC分类号： A62D300
CPC分类号： C02F3/34 , A62D3/02 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , B09C1/10 , C02F3/1231 , C02F3/2806 , C02F3/286 , C02F3/30 , C02F2101/003 , C12N1/20 , C12R1/01 , C12R1/145 , C12R1/22 , Y02E50/343 , Y02W10/15 , Y10S71/903
摘要： Novel methods for biodegrading nitroaromatic compounds present as contaminants in soil or water using microorganisms are disclosed. Water is treatable directly; dry soil is first converted into a fluid medium by addition of water. The preferred method comprises two stages, each employing microorganisms: a fermentative stage, followed by an anaerobic stage. The fermentative stage is rapid, wherein an inoculum of aerobic and/or facultative microorganisms ferments a carbohydrate added to the fluid medium, exhausting the oxygen in the fluid medium and thereby inhibiting oxidative polymerization of amino by-products of the nitroaromatics. In the subsequent anaerobic stage, an inoculum of a mixed population of anaerobic microorganisms completes the mineralization of the contaminant nitroaromatics, using the remaining carbohydrate as a carbon and energy source. Preferably, the carbohydrate is a starch and the aerobic and/or facultative microorganisms are amylolytic, which cleave the starch at a moderate rate throughout both stages, ensuring a sustained supply of metabolizable carbohydrate. The microorganisms are preferably selected to be resistant to the types and concentrations of nitroaromatics present as contaminants.
摘要翻译：公开了使用微生物在土壤或水中作为污染物存在的硝基芳族化合物生物降解的新方法。水可直接对待; 干土首先通过加水转化成流体介质。优选的方法包括两个阶段，每个阶段使用微生物：发酵阶段，然后是厌氧阶段。发酵阶段是快速的，其中有氧和/或兼性微生物的接种物将加入到流体介质中的碳水化合物发酵，排出流体介质中的氧，从而抑制硝基芳族化合物的氨基副产物的氧化聚合。在随后的厌氧阶段，厌氧微生物的混合种群的接种物完成了污染物硝基芳族化合物的矿化，使用剩余的碳水化合物作为碳和能源。优选地，碳水化合物是淀粉，并且需氧和/或兼性微生物是淀粉分解的，其在两个阶段以适中的速度切割淀粉，确保可代谢的碳水化合物的持续供应。优选选择微生物以对作为污染物存在的硝基芳族化合物的类型和浓度具有抗性。

8. 发明授权

US6084150A Biological system for degrading nitroaromatics in water and soils 失效
公开(公告)号：US6084150A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-04
申请号：US799577
申请日：1997-02-12
申请人： Donald L. Crawford , Todd O. Stevens , Ronald L. Crawford
发明人： Donald L. Crawford , Todd O. Stevens , Ronald L. Crawford
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/02 , B09C1/10 , C02F3/12 , C02F3/28 , C02F3/30 , C02F3/34 , C12N1/20 , B09B3/00 , C09K17/00
CPC分类号： C02F3/34 , A62D3/02 , B09C1/10 , C02F3/1231 , C02F3/2806 , C02F3/286 , C02F3/30 , C12N1/20 , C12R1/01 , C12R1/145 , C12R1/22 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , C02F2101/003 , Y02E50/343 , Y02W10/15 , Y10S71/903
摘要： Novel methods for biodegrading nitroaromatic compounds present as contaminants in soil or water using microorganisms are disclosed. Water is treatable directly; dry soil is first converted into a fluid medium by addition of water. The preferred method comprises two stages, each employing microorganisms: a fermentative stage, followed by an anaerobic stage. The fermentative stage is rapid, wherein an inoculum of aerobic and/or facultative microorganisms ferments a carbohydrate added to the fluid medium, exhausting the oxygen in the fluid medium and thereby inhibiting oxidative polymerization of amino by-products of the nitroaromatics. In the subsequent anaerobic stage, an inoculum of a mixed population of anaerobic microorganisms completes the mineralization of the contaminant nitroaromatics, using the remaining carbohydrate as a carbon and energy source. Preferably, the carbohydrate is a starch and the aerobic and/or facultative microorganisms are amylolytic, which cleave the starch at a moderate rate throughout both stages, ensuring a sustained supply of metabolizable carbohydrate. The microorganisms are preferably selected to be resistant to the types and concentrations of nitroaromatics present as contaminants.

9. 发明授权

US5656422A Compositions and methods for detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and related compounds 失效
标题翻译：检测2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸及相关化合物的组合物和方法
公开(公告)号：US5656422A
公开(公告)日：1997-08-12
申请号：US318505
申请日：1994-10-05
申请人： Ronald L. Crawford , Yongxiang Gu , Roger A. Korus , David B. Knaebel
发明人： Ronald L. Crawford , Yongxiang Gu , Roger A. Korus , David B. Knaebel
IPC分类号： C12N9/02 , C12Q1/26 , C12Q1/00 , C12N5/00
CPC分类号： C12N9/0071 , C12Q1/26 , Y10S435/81 , Y10S435/822 , Y10S435/829 , Y10S435/849
摘要： Methods and compositions are provided for the detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and other phenoxy ether compounds. The phenoxy ether bond of 2,4-D is enzymatically cleaved by 2,4-D .alpha.-ketoglutarate dioxygenase to form 2,4-dichlorophenol, which is assayed by the 4-aminoantipyrine method. The enzyme is supplied in a dried form, preferably immobilized on a solid support, and is stable at room temperature for several months even in a highly impure state, e.g., crude cell extracts or dried cells.
摘要翻译：提供了用于检测2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸（2,4-D）和其它苯氧基醚化合物的方法和组合物。 2,4-D的苯氧基醚键被2,4-Dα-酮戊二酸双加氧酶酶切，形成2,4-二氯苯酚，用4-氨基安替比林法测定。酶以干燥形式供应，优选固定在固体支持物上，即使在高度不纯的状态下，例如粗细胞提取物或干细胞，也在室温下稳定数月。

10. 发明授权

US5618726A Biodegradable azo dyes 失效
标题翻译：可生物降解偶氮染料
公开(公告)号：US5618726A
公开(公告)日：1997-04-08
申请号：US345261
申请日：1994-11-23
申请人： Andrzej Paszczynski , Stefan Goszczynski , Ronald L. Crawford , Donald L. Crawford , Maria B. Pasti
发明人： Andrzej Paszczynski , Stefan Goszczynski , Ronald L. Crawford , Donald L. Crawford , Maria B. Pasti
IPC分类号： C09B67/42 , B09B3/00 , C12N1/14 , D06M16/00
CPC分类号： C12R1/645 , C09B67/0071
摘要： A composition comprises an azo dye having a lignin-like substitution pattern and an environmentally common microbe, such as Streptomyces or Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The composition may also comprise an azo dye having a lignin-like substitution pattern, an amount of lignin peroxidase effective to degrade the dye, and an amount of veratryl alcohol effective to recycle lignin peroxidase II to lignin peroxidase. The lignin peroxidase may be provided by an environmentally common microbe. Azo dyes substituted with lignin-like groups are completely mineralized by the environmentally common microbe. The biodegradable azo dye preferably includes a first aromatic ring having a first substituent R1 selected from hydroxy or lower alkoxy, a second substituent R2 selected from lower alkyl or lower alkoxy, and a third substituent R3 selected from lower alkoxy or halogen. In especially preferred embodiments the first substituent R.sub.1 is hydroxy and is para to the azo group, and both R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are electron-releasing substituents and are ortho to R.sub.1.
摘要翻译：组合物包含具有木质素样取代模式的偶氮染料和环境友好的微生物，例如链霉菌或Phanerochaete chrysosporium。组合物还可以包含具有木质素样取代模式的偶氮染料，有效降解染料的木质素过氧化物酶的量以及有效将木质素过氧化物酶II再循环至木质素过氧化物酶的量的藜芦醇。木质素过氧化物酶可以由环境上常见的微生物提供。用木质素样基团取代的偶氮染料被环境常见的微生物完全矿化。可生物降解的偶氮染料优选包括具有选自羟基或低级烷氧基的第一取代基R 1的第一芳环，选自低级烷基或低级烷氧基的第二取代基R2和选自低级烷氧基或卤素的第三取代基R3。在特别优选的实施方案中，第一取代基R 1是羟基，并且与偶氮基对位，并且R 2和R 3都是电子释放取代基并且与R 1邻位。

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