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    • 4. 发明申请
    • Methods
    • 方法
    • US20070110759A1
    • 2007-05-17
    • US11434320
    • 2006-05-11
    • Quentin SattentauPeter OpenshawAmin MoghaddamWieslawa Olszewska
    • Quentin SattentauPeter OpenshawAmin MoghaddamWieslawa Olszewska
    • A61K39/00C08B37/00C07K14/82
    • A61K39/00A61K39/35A61K2039/57
    • The presence of aldehydic groups on proteins and lipoproteins is associated with various pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetes and alcoholic liver disease. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and the elderly. RSV vaccine research has been impeded because a formalin-inactivated vaccine used in the 1960s predisposed infants to enhanced disease following subsequent natural infection. The molecular basis for the vaccine-induced hypersensitivity has not, however, been elucidated. We show here that addition of reactive carbonyl groups to ovalbumin (OVA) by treatment with glycolaldehyde or formaldehyde increases the protein's immunogenicity in mice, and biases the immune response towards a Th2-type response. The increased immunogenicity and the Th2-type response can both be abrogated by reductive elimination of the reactive carbonyl groups. We demonstrate that RSV inactivated by formaldehyde (FI-RSV), following a protocol used previously to prepare the vaccine, contains reactive carbonyl groups. Using a well-established model of FI-RSV vaccine-induced pathology, immunisation of mice with FI-RSV and subsequent challenge of the mice with live RSV induced Th2-type responses, lung eosinophilia and weight loss that were abrogated by reductive elimination of the reactive carbonyl groups. We thus propose that the addition of reactive carbonyl groups to RSV during inactivation is the major mechanism that drives the Th2-immune response and associated pathology. Moreover, we suggest that the addition of reactive carbonyl groups to other antigens, including vaccines, may be responsible for other hypersensitive and allergic reactions described in the literature.
    • 蛋白质和脂蛋白上醛基的存在与各种病理状况如动脉粥样硬化,糖尿病和酒精性肝病有关。 呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是婴幼儿严重呼吸系统疾病的主要原因。 RSV疫苗研究受到阻碍,因为二十世纪六十年代使用的福尔​​马林灭活疫苗使婴儿在随后的自然感染后发生增强的疾病。 然而,疫苗诱导的超敏反应的分子基础尚未阐明。 我们在这里显示,通过用乙醇醛或甲醛处理向卵白蛋白(OVA)中加入反应性羰基增加了蛋白质在小鼠中的免疫原性,并且将免疫应答偏向Th2型反应。 增加的免疫原性和Th2型反应都可以通过还原性消除反应性羰基来消除。 我们证明根据以前用于制备疫苗的方案,由甲醛(FI-RSV)灭活的RSV含有活性羰基。 使用FI-RSV疫苗诱导的病理学的成熟模型,用FI-RSV免疫小鼠,随后用活RSV诱导的Th2型反应对小鼠进行攻击,肺嗜酸粒细胞增多和体重减轻,通过还原消除 反应性羰基。 因此,我们建议在灭活期间向RSV中添加活性羰基是驱动Th2免疫应答和相关病理学的主要机制。 此外,我们建议向其他抗原(包括疫苗)添加活性羰基可能是文献中描述的其他过敏反应和过敏反应的原因。