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    • 2. 发明申请
    • Video processing methods for improving visual acuity and/or perceived image resolution
    • 用于改善视力和/或感知图像分辨率的视频处理方法
    • US20080021516A1
    • 2008-01-24
    • US11879982
    • 2007-07-19
    • Robert GreenbergRichard WilliamsonJoseph SchulmanReza RassoolLee MandellAbraham Seidman
    • Robert GreenbergRichard WilliamsonJoseph SchulmanReza RassoolLee MandellAbraham Seidman
    • A61N1/00
    • A61N1/36046
    • A method and apparatus for improving visual acuity when providing a visual image from a “high” resolution input device to a “low” resolution output device. The described invention is of particular use when the output device is an array of electrodes as part of a retinal prosthesis used to restore vision to a visually-impaired patient. In that various limitations may, within the foreseeable future, limit the density of such an electrode array (and thus the resolution of the output image), the present invention teaches techniques to assign processed pixel subsets of a higher resolution image to a single electrode. By varying the pixel subsets, e.g., by jittering, and/or altering the processing criteria, the perceived visual acuity may be further improved. Alternatively and additionally, such processing may be further extended to drive neighboring electrodes in combination to thus stimulate virtual electrode sites and thus further enhance visual acuity.
    • 当从“高”分辨率输入装置向“低”分辨率输出装置提供视觉图像时,用于提高视力的方法和装置。 当输出设备是用作将视力恢复到视觉障碍患者的视网膜假体的一部分的电极阵列时,所描述的本发明是特别有用的。 因此,在可预见的将来可能会限制这种电极阵列的密度(因此输出图像的分辨率)的各种限制,本发明教导了将更高分辨率图像的经处理的像素子集分配给单个电极的技术。 通过例如通过抖动和/或改变处理标准来改变像素子集,可以进一步改善感知的视敏度。 另外地和另外地,这样的处理可以进一步延伸以组合驱动相邻电极,从而刺激虚拟电极位置,从而进一步提高视敏度。
    • 3. 发明申请
    • Logarithmic light intensifier for use with photoreceptor-based implanted retinal prosthetics and those prosthetics
    • 用于光感受器植入的视网膜假体和那些假肢的对数光增强器
    • US20070016294A1
    • 2007-01-18
    • US11522001
    • 2006-09-14
    • Robert GreenbergAbraham SeidmanJoseph Schulman
    • Robert GreenbergAbraham SeidmanJoseph Schulman
    • A61F2/16
    • A61N1/36046A61F9/08
    • This invention is for directly modulating a beam of photons onto the retinas of patients who have extreme vision impairment or blindness. Its purpose is to supply enough imaging energy to retinal prosthetics implanted in the eye which operate essentially by having light (external to the eye) activating photoreceptors, or photoelectrical material. The invention provides sufficient light amplification and does it logarithmically. While it has sufficient output light power, the output light level still remains at a safe level. Most preferred embodiments of this invention provide balanced biphasic stimulation with no net charge injection into the eye. Both optical and electronic magnification for the image, as for example, using an optical zoom lens, is incorporated. Otherwise, it would not be feasible to zoom in on items of particular interest or necessity. Without proper adjustment, improper threshold amplitudes would obtain, as well as uncomfortable maximum thresholds. Therefore, to adjust for these, a way of proper adjustment for the threshold amplitudes and maximum comfortable thresholds is provided. Furthermore, to the extent that the individual stimulation sites in the retina give different color perceptions, upon stimulation, then colors of the viewed scene is correlated with specific stimulation sites to provide a certain amount of color vision.
    • 本发明用于将光束束直接调制到具有极端视力障碍或失明的患者的视网膜上。 其目的是为植入眼睛的视网膜假体提供足够的成像能量,其基本上通过使光(外部的眼睛)激活光感受器或光电材料。 本发明提供足够的光放大,并且它是对数的。 虽然它具有足够的输出光功率,但输出光级仍然保持在一个安全的水平。 本发明最优选的实施方案提供平衡的双相刺激,而没有净电荷注入眼睛。 包括用于图像的光学和电子倍率,例如使用光学变焦透镜。 否则,放大特别感兴趣或必要的项目是不可行的。 没有适当的调整,不正确的阈值振幅将获得,以及不舒适的最大阈值。 因此,为了适应这些,提供了适当调整阈值振幅和最大舒适阈值的方法。 此外,在视网膜中的个别刺激部位产生不同的颜色感觉的情况下,在刺激时,所观看场景的颜色与特定刺激部位相关,以提供一定量的色觉。
    • 6. 发明申请
    • Video processing methods for improving visual acuity and/or perceived image resolution
    • 用于改善视力和/或感知图像分辨率的视频处理方法
    • US20070299484A1
    • 2007-12-27
    • US11880045
    • 2007-07-19
    • Robert GreenbergRichard WilliamsonJoseph SchulmanReza RassolLee MandellAbraham Seidman
    • Robert GreenbergRichard WilliamsonJoseph SchulmanReza RassolLee MandellAbraham Seidman
    • A61N1/00
    • A61N1/36046
    • A method and apparatus for improving visual acuity when providing a visual image from a “high” resolution input device to a “low” resolution output device. The described invention is of particular use when the output device is an array of electrodes as part of a retinal prosthesis used to restore vision to a visually-impaired patient. In that various limitations may, within the foreseeable future, limit the density of such an electrode array (and thus the resolution of the output image), the present invention teaches techniques to assign processed pixel subsets of a higher resolution image to a single electrode. By varying the pixel subsets, e.g., by jittering, and/or altering the processing criteria, the perceived visual acuity may be further improved. Alternatively and additionally, such processing may be further extended to drive neighboring electrodes in combination to thus stimulate virtual electrode sites and thus further enhance visual acuity.
    • 当从“高”分辨率输入装置向“低”分辨率输出装置提供视觉图像时,用于提高视力的方法和装置。 当输出设备是用作将视力恢复到视觉障碍患者的视网膜假体的一部分的电极阵列时,所描述的本发明是特别有用的。 因此,在可预见的将来可能会限制这种电极阵列的密度(因此输出图像的分辨率)的各种限制,本发明教导了将更高分辨率图像的经处理的像素子集分配给单个电极的技术。 通过例如通过抖动和/或改变处理标准来改变像素子集,可以进一步改善感知的视敏度。 另外地和另外地,这样的处理可以进一步延伸以组合驱动相邻电极,从而刺激虚拟电极位置,从而进一步提高视敏度。