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    • 2. 发明授权
    • Efficiency based arbiter
    • 基于效率的仲裁者
    • US07603503B1
    • 2009-10-13
    • US11642791
    • 2006-12-19
    • Brian D. HutsellJames M. Van Dyke
    • Brian D. HutsellJames M. Van Dyke
    • G06F13/18G06F13/362
    • G06F13/364
    • An arbiter decides to grant access from multiple clients to a shared resource (e.g. memory) using efficiency and/or urgency terms. Urgency for a client may be determined based on an “in-band” request identifier transmitted from the client to the resource along with the request, and an “out-of-band” request identifier that is buffered by the client. A difference between the out-of-band request identifier and the in-band request identifier indicates the location of the request in the client buffer. A small difference indicates that the request is near the end of the buffer (high urgency), and a large difference indicates that the request is far back in the buffer (low urgency). Efficiency terms include metrics on resource overhead, such as time needed to switch between reading/writing data from/to memory via a shared memory bus, or bank management overhead such as time for switching between DRAM banks.
    • 仲裁者决定使用效率和/或紧急项来允许从多个客户机访问共享资源(例如存储器)。 可以基于从客户端发送到资源的“带内”请求标识,以及客户端缓冲的“带外”请求标识符来确定客户端的紧急度。 带外请求标识符和带内请求标识符之间的区别表示请求在客户端缓冲器中的位置。 一个小的差异表示请求接近缓冲区的结尾(高紧急度),并且大的差异表示请求远远超过缓冲区(低紧急性)。 效率术语包括资源开销的度量,例如在经由共享存储器总线从/从存储器读取/写入数据之间切换所需的时间,或者诸如在DRAM存储体之间切换的时间的银行管理开销。
    • 3. 发明授权
    • Tiering of linear clients
    • 线性客户端的分层
    • US08271746B1
    • 2012-09-18
    • US11612145
    • 2006-12-18
    • Brian D. HutsellJames M. Van Dyke
    • Brian D. HutsellJames M. Van Dyke
    • G06F12/00G06F13/00G06F13/28
    • G06F13/1642
    • Efficient memory management can be performed using a computer system that includes a client which requests access to a memory, a memory interface coupled to the client and to the memory, wherein the memory interface comprises an arbiter to arbitrate requests received from the client to access data stored in the memory, a look ahead structure for managing the memory, a request queue for queuing memory access requests, and wherein the look ahead structure is located before the arbiter so that the look ahead structure communicates with the memory through the arbiter. Efficient memory management can also be performed by sending a memory access request from a client to a look ahead structure and to a request queue, wherein the look ahead structure comprises a row bank direction queue and a tiering logic, checking state of memory being requested using the tiering logic, prioritizing memory requests according to the memory state, selecting a location to be precharged with a precharge arbiter, selecting a location to be activated using an activate arbiter, selecting a location to read or write using a read/write arbiter, and precharging, activating and reading or writing according the selections according to availability of the memory.
    • 可以使用包括请求访问存储器的客户机,耦合到客户机和存储器的存储器接口的计算机系统来执行高效存储器管理,其中存储器接口包括仲裁器,以仲裁从客户端接收的请求以访问数据 存储在存储器中,用于管理存储器的前瞻结构,用于排队存储器访问请求的请求队列,并且其中前瞻结构位于仲裁器之前,使得前瞻性结构通过仲裁器与存储器通信。 还可以通过从客户端发送存储器访问请求到前瞻结构和请求队列来执行高效的存储器管理,其中前瞻结构包括行组方向队列和分层逻辑,使用 分级逻辑,根据存储器状态对存储器请求进行优先级排序,选择要用预充电仲裁器预先充电的位置,使用激活仲裁器选择要激活的位置,使用读/写仲裁器选择要读取或写入的位置,以及 根据存储器的可用性,根据选择预充电,激活和读取或写入。
    • 5. 发明授权
    • Compression tag state interlock
    • 压缩标签状态互锁
    • US08441495B1
    • 2013-05-14
    • US12649196
    • 2009-12-29
    • James M. Van DykeJohn H. EdmondsonBrian D. HutsellMichael F. Harris
    • James M. Van DykeJohn H. EdmondsonBrian D. HutsellMichael F. Harris
    • G09G5/36G06T1/60
    • G09G5/001G09G5/39G09G2340/02
    • Systems and methods for determining a compression tag state prior to memory client arbitration may reduce the latency for memory accesses. A compression tag is associated with each portion of a surface stored in memory and indicates whether or not the data stored in each portion is compressed or not. A client uses the compression tags to construct memory access requests and the size of each request is based on whether or not the portion of the surface to be accessed is compressed or not. When multiple clients access the same surface the compression tag reads are interlocked with the pending memory access requests to ensure that the compression tags provided to each client are accurate. This mechanism allows for memory bandwidth optimizations including reordering memory access requests for efficient access.
    • 用于在存储器客户端仲裁之前确定压缩标签状态的系统和方法可以减少存储器访问的延迟。 压缩标签与存储在存储器中的表面的每个部分相关联,并指示存储在每个部分中的数据是否被压缩。 客户端使用压缩标签来构造存储器访问请求,并且每个请求的大小基于被访问的表面的部分是否被压缩。 当多个客户端访问相同的表面时,压缩标签读取与待处理的存储器访问请求互锁,以确保提供给每个客户端的压缩标签是准确的。 这种机制允许内存带宽优化,包括重新排序存储器访问请求以进行有效的访问。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Urgency based arbiter
    • 基于紧急程度的仲裁者
    • US07882292B1
    • 2011-02-01
    • US12551254
    • 2009-08-31
    • James M. Van DykeBrian D. Hutsell
    • James M. Van DykeBrian D. Hutsell
    • G06F13/362G06F13/36
    • G06F13/364
    • An arbiter decides to grant access from multiple clients to a shared resource (e.g. memory) using efficiency and/or urgency terms. Urgency for a client may be determined based on an “in-band” request identifier transmitted from the client to the resource along with the request, and an “out-of-band” request identifier that is buffered by the client. A difference between the out-of-band request identifier and the in-band request identifier indicates the location of the request in the client buffer. A small difference indicates that the request is near the end of the buffer (high urgency), and a large difference indicates that the request is far back in the buffer (low urgency). Efficiency terms include metrics on resource overhead, such as time needed to switch between reading/writing data from/to memory via a shared memory bus, or bank management overhead such as time for switching between DRAM banks.
    • 仲裁者决定使用效率和/或紧急项来允许从多个客户机访问共享资源(例如存储器)。 可以基于从客户端发送到资源的“带内”请求标识,以及客户端缓冲的“带外”请求标识符来确定客户端的紧急度。 带外请求标识符和带内请求标识符之间的区别表示请求在客户端缓冲器中的位置。 一个小的差异表示请求接近缓冲区的结尾(高紧急度),并且大的差异表示请求远远超过缓冲区(低紧急性)。 效率术语包括资源开销的度量,例如在经由共享存储器总线从/从存储器读取/写入数据之间切换所需的时间,或者诸如在DRAM存储体之间切换的时间的银行管理开销。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Tuning DRAM I/O parameters on the fly
    • 即时调整DRAM I / O参数
    • US07647467B1
    • 2010-01-12
    • US11642368
    • 2006-12-19
    • Brian D. HutsellSameer M. GauriaPhilip R. ManelaJohn A. Robinson
    • Brian D. HutsellSameer M. GauriaPhilip R. ManelaJohn A. Robinson
    • G06F12/00
    • G06F13/4239
    • On the fly tuning of parameters used in an interface between a memory (e.g. high speed memory such as DRAM) and a processor requesting access to the memory. In an operational mode, a memory controller couples the processor to the memory. The memory controller can also inhibit the operational mode to initiate a training mode. In the training mode, the memory controller tunes one or more parameters (voltage references, timing skews, etc.) used in an upcoming operational mode. The access to the memory may be from an isochronous process running on a graphics processor. The memory controller determines whether the isochronous process may be inhibited before entering the training mode. If memory buffers for the isochronous process are such that the training mode will not impact the isochronous process, then the memory controller can enter the training mode to tune the interface parameters without negatively impacting the process.
    • 在用于存储器(例如,诸如DRAM的高速存储器)和请求访问存储器的处理器之间的接口中使用的参数的飞行调谐。 在操作模式中,存储器控制器将处理器耦合到存储器。 存储器控制器还可以禁止操作模式启动训练模式。 在训练模式下,存储器控制器调节在即将到来的操作模式中使用的一个或多个参数(电压参考,时序偏移等)。 对存储器的访问可以来自在图形处理器上运行的同步进程。 存储器控制器确定在进入训练模式之前是否可以禁止同步过程。 如果同步过程的存储器缓冲器使得训练模式不会影响同步过程,则存储器控制器可以进入训练模式以调整接口参数而不会不利地影响该过程。