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1. 发明申请

US20080252602A1 DYNAMICALLY RECONFIGURABLE PIXEL ARRAY FOR OPTICAL NAVIGATION 有权
标题翻译：用于光学导航的动态可重构像素阵列
公开(公告)号：US20080252602A1
公开(公告)日：2008-10-16
申请号：US11734244
申请日：2007-04-11
申请人： Ramakrishna Kakarala , Annette C. Grot , David W. Dolfi
发明人： Ramakrishna Kakarala , Annette C. Grot , David W. Dolfi
IPC分类号： G09G5/08
CPC分类号： G06F3/0383 , G06F3/0317 , G06F3/03543
摘要： Embodiments of an apparatus are described. In one embodiment, the apparatus is an optical navigation circuit. In particular, the optical navigation circuit may be part of an optical navigation device. The optical navigation circuit includes an image sensor, dynamic reconfiguration logic, and a digital signal processor. The image sensor includes a pixel array to generate a plurality of electrical signals corresponding to incident light at the pixel array. The dynamic reconfiguration logic is coupled to the image sensor. The dynamic reconfiguration logic is configured to receive the plurality of electrical signals from the pixel array and to generate a plurality of reconfigured electrical signals based on the plurality of electrical signals from the pixel array. The digital signal processor is coupled to the dynamic reconfiguration logic. The digital signal processor is configured to receive the plurality of reconfigured electrical signals from the dynamic reconfiguration logic.
摘要翻译：描述装置的实施例。在一个实施例中，该装置是光学导航电路。特别地，光学导航电路可以是光学导航装置的一部分。光学导航电路包括图像传感器，动态重构逻辑和数字信号处理器。图像传感器包括像素阵列，以产生对应于像素阵列处的入射光的多个电信号。动态重构逻辑耦合到图像传感器。动态重配置逻辑被配置为从像素阵列接收多个电信号，并且基于来自像素阵列的多个电信号来生成多个重新配置的电信号。数字信号处理器耦合到动态重配置逻辑。数字信号处理器被配置为从动态重新配置逻辑接收多个重新配置的电信号。

2. 发明授权

US09052759B2 Dynamically reconfigurable pixel array for optical navigation 有权
标题翻译：用于光学导航的动态可重构像素阵列
公开(公告)号：US09052759B2
公开(公告)日：2015-06-09
申请号：US11734244
申请日：2007-04-11
申请人： Ramakrishna Kakarala , Annette C. Grot , David W. Dolfi
发明人： Ramakrishna Kakarala , Annette C. Grot , David W. Dolfi
IPC分类号： G09G5/08 , G06F3/038 , G06F3/03 , G06F3/0354
CPC分类号： G06F3/0383 , G06F3/0317 , G06F3/03543
摘要： Embodiments of an apparatus are described. In one embodiment, the apparatus is an optical navigation circuit. In particular, the optical navigation circuit may be part of an optical navigation device. The optical navigation circuit includes an image sensor, dynamic reconfiguration logic, and a digital signal processor. The image sensor includes a pixel array to generate a plurality of electrical signals corresponding to incident light at the pixel array. The dynamic reconfiguration logic is coupled to the image sensor. The dynamic reconfiguration logic is configured to receive the plurality of electrical signals from the pixel array and to generate a plurality of reconfigured electrical signals based on the plurality of electrical signals from the pixel array. The digital signal processor is coupled to the dynamic reconfiguration logic. The digital signal processor is configured to receive the plurality of reconfigured electrical signals from the dynamic reconfiguration logic.
摘要翻译：描述装置的实施例。在一个实施例中，该装置是光学导航电路。特别地，光学导航电路可以是光学导航装置的一部分。光学导航电路包括图像传感器，动态重构逻辑和数字信号处理器。图像传感器包括像素阵列，以产生对应于像素阵列处的入射光的多个电信号。动态重构逻辑耦合到图像传感器。动态重配置逻辑被配置为从像素阵列接收多个电信号，并且基于来自像素阵列的多个电信号来生成多个重新配置的电信号。数字信号处理器耦合到动态重配置逻辑。数字信号处理器被配置为从动态重新配置逻辑接收多个重新配置的电信号。

3. 发明授权

US07567341B2 Optical navigation device adapted for navigation on a transparent structure 有权
标题翻译：适用于透明结构导航的光学导航装置
公开(公告)号：US07567341B2
公开(公告)日：2009-07-28
申请号：US11864301
申请日：2007-09-28
申请人： David W. Dolfi , Ramakrishna Kakarala , Annette Claire Grot
发明人： David W. Dolfi , Ramakrishna Kakarala , Annette Claire Grot
IPC分类号： G01P3/36
CPC分类号： G06F3/0317 , G06F3/03543
摘要： A technique for adapting an optical navigation device for navigation on a transparent structure such as a glass plate involves establishing a navigation window for navigation tracking, detecting reflected light within the navigation window, generating an output signal in response to the detected light, and adjusting a characteristic of the navigation window in response to the output signal. An optical navigation device includes an illumination system configured to output light, an image sensor configured to generate an output signal related to a detected portion of the light, and a transparent structure adapter module configured to adjust a navigation window of the image sensor in response to the output signal to adapt the optical navigation device for use directly on an opaque surface or for use on a transparent structure that is located between the optical navigation device and the opaque surface.
摘要翻译：适用于玻璃板等透明结构的导航用光学导航装置的技术包括建立导航跟踪用导航窗口，检测导航窗内的反射光，响应检测到的光产生输出信号，调整响应于输出信号的导航窗口的特性。光学导航装置包括被配置为输出光的照明系统，被配置为产生与被检测部分相关的输出信号的图像传感器;以及透明结构适配器模块，被配置为响应于图像传感器的导航窗口该输出信号使光学导航装置能够直接在不透明表面上使用，或者用于位于光学导航装置和不透明表面之间的透明结构上。

4. 发明申请

US20080158540A1 OPTICAL NAVIGATION DEVICE ADAPTED FOR NAVIGATION ON A TRANSPARENT STRUCTURE 有权
标题翻译：适用于透明结构导航的光学导航装置
公开(公告)号：US20080158540A1
公开(公告)日：2008-07-03
申请号：US11864301
申请日：2007-09-28
申请人： David W. Dolfi , Ramakrishna Kakarala , Annette Claire Grot
发明人： David W. Dolfi , Ramakrishna Kakarala , Annette Claire Grot
IPC分类号： G01P3/38
CPC分类号： G06F3/0317 , G06F3/03543
摘要： A technique for adapting an optical navigation device for navigation on a transparent structure such as a glass plate involves establishing a navigation window for navigation tracking, detecting reflected light within the navigation window, generating an output signal in response to the detected light, and adjusting a characteristic of the navigation window in response to the output signal. An optical navigation device includes an illumination system configured to output light, an image sensor configured to generate an output signal related to a detected portion of the light, and a transparent structure adapter module configured to adjust a navigation window of the image sensor in response to the output signal to adapt the optical navigation device for use directly on an opaque surface or for use on a transparent structure that is located between the optical navigation device and the opaque surface.
摘要翻译：适用于玻璃板等透明结构的导航用光学导航装置的技术包括建立导航跟踪用导航窗口，检测导航窗内的反射光，响应检测到的光产生输出信号，调整响应于输出信号的导航窗口的特性。光学导航装置包括被配置为输出光的照明系统，被配置为产生与被检测部分相关的输出信号的图像传感器;以及透明结构适配器模块，被配置为响应于图像传感器的导航窗口该输出信号使光学导航装置能够直接在不透明表面上使用，或者用于位于光学导航装置和不透明表面之间的透明结构上。

5. 发明授权

US07974489B2 Buffer management for an adaptive buffer value using accumulation and averaging 有权
标题翻译：使用累加和平均的自适应缓冲区值的缓冲区管理
公开(公告)号：US07974489B2
公开(公告)日：2011-07-05
申请号：US11755646
申请日：2007-05-30
申请人： Ramakrishna Kakarala , Alexander C. Schneider
发明人： Ramakrishna Kakarala , Alexander C. Schneider
IPC分类号： G06K9/40 , G06K9/20
CPC分类号： H04N5/772 , H04N5/23245 , H04N5/23248 , H04N5/907
摘要： An optical imaging system with dynamic buffer management is described. Embodiments of the optical imaging system include an image sensor, a buffer, and a buffer mode controller. The image sensor includes a pixel array to read out a plurality of pixel lines for a frame of an image. The buffer is configured to store a plurality of buffer values corresponding to a plurality of pixel values for each of the pixel lines. The buffer mode controller is configured to dynamically switch between an accumulation mode and an averaging mode. The accumulation mode facilitates a computation of each buffer value according to a sum value of the corresponding pixel value and a corresponding previous buffer value. The averaging mode facilitates a computation of each buffer value according to an average value of a normalized value of the corresponding pixel value and the corresponding previous buffer value.
摘要翻译：描述了具有动态缓冲器管理的光学成像系统。光学成像系统的实施例包括图像传感器，缓冲器和缓冲模式控制器。图像传感器包括用于读出用于图像帧的多个像素线的像素阵列。缓冲器被配置为存储与每个像素线对应的多个像素值的多个缓冲器值。缓冲模式控制器被配置为在累加模式和平均模式之间动态切换。累加模式有助于根据相应像素值和对应的先前缓冲器值的和值来计算每个缓冲器值。平均模式有助于根据对应的像素值和对应的先前缓冲器值的归一化值的平均值来计算每个缓冲器值。

6. 发明授权

US07969410B2 Optically detecting click events 有权
标题翻译：光学检测点击事件
公开(公告)号：US07969410B2
公开(公告)日：2011-06-28
申请号：US11508685
申请日：2006-08-23
申请人： Ramakrishna Kakarala
发明人： Ramakrishna Kakarala
IPC分类号： G09G5/00
CPC分类号： G06F3/042
摘要： Apparatus and method of optically detecting click events are described. Images of a contact surface are captured at respective capture times. The captured images are convolved with a two-dimensional circularly symmetric spatial bandpass filter to produce corresponding filtered images each including a set of pixels with respective pixel value magnitudes. Based on the pixel value magnitudes of the corresponding filtered images, each of the capture times is assigned to one of an in-contact time class during which the contact surface is determined to be in-contact with a user's finger and an out-of-contact time class during which the contact surface is determined to be out-of-contact with the user's finger. A select signal indicating that the contact surface has been touched to make a selection is generated based on a click event predicate defining at least one condition on the time classes respectively assigned to successive ones of the capture times.
摘要翻译：描述了光学检测点击事件的装置和方法。在各自的捕获时间捕获接触表面的图像。捕获的图像与二维圆形对称空间带通滤波器卷积以产生相应的滤波图像，每个滤波图像包括具有相应像素值幅度的一组像素。基于对应的滤波图像的像素值大小，将每个捕获时间分配给接触时间等级中的一个，在此期间接触表面被确定为与用户的手指接触，接触时间等级，其中确定接触表面与使用者的手指不接触。基于点分割事件谓词生成指示接触面已经被触摸以进行选择的选择信号，所述点击事件谓词定义了分配给相继捕获时间的时间类上的至少一个条件。

7. 发明授权

US07446756B2 Apparatus for controlling the position of a screen pointer with low sensitivity to particle contamination 有权
标题翻译：用于控制对微粒污染的低灵敏度的屏幕指针的位置的装置
公开(公告)号：US07446756B2
公开(公告)日：2008-11-04
申请号：US10805814
申请日：2004-03-22
申请人： Michael J. Brosnan , Ramakrishna Kakarala , Roopinder Singh Grewal , Mark M. Butterworth , Vincent C. Moyer , Tong Xie , Marshall T. Depue
发明人： Michael J. Brosnan , Ramakrishna Kakarala , Roopinder Singh Grewal , Mark M. Butterworth , Vincent C. Moyer , Tong Xie , Marshall T. Depue
IPC分类号： G09G5/08 , G01P3/36
CPC分类号： G01M11/00 , G06F3/0317
摘要： An apparatus for controlling the position of a screen pointer includes an at least partially coherent light source for illuminating an imaging surface, thereby generating reflected images. The apparatus includes a navigation sensor for generating digital images based on the reflected images, performing a movement computation based on the digital images, generating movement data based on the movement computation that is indicative of relative motion between the imaging surface and the apparatus, wherein the movement computation has a low sensitivity to effects in the digital images caused by particle contamination.
摘要翻译：用于控制屏幕指针的位置的装置包括用于照射成像表面的至少部分相干的光源，从而产生反射的图像。该装置包括：导航传感器，用于基于反射图像生成数字图像，基于数字图像执行移动计算;基于指示成像表面和装置之间的相对运动的运动计算产生移动数据;其中，运动计算对由颗粒污染引起的数字图像的影响具有低的灵敏度。

8. 发明授权

US07399953B2 Light source control in optical pointing device 有权
标题翻译：光学指向装置中的光源控制
公开(公告)号：US07399953B2
公开(公告)日：2008-07-15
申请号：US11123814
申请日：2005-05-06
申请人： Tong Xie , Ramakrishna Kakarala , Vincent C. Moyer
发明人： Tong Xie , Ramakrishna Kakarala , Vincent C. Moyer
IPC分类号： G06M7/00 , H01J40/14
CPC分类号： G06F3/0317 , G06F3/0383
摘要： An optical pointing device includes a light source configured to respond to a drive current to provide at least partially coherent light to illuminate an imaging surface to thereby generate reflected images. A navigation sensor is configured to generate digital images based on the reflected images, and generate movement data based on the digital images that are indicative of relative motion between the imaging surface and the optical pointing device. A light source driver is configured to provide the drive current to the light source. A drive current controller is configured to calibrate the drive current based on selected digital images.
摘要翻译：光学指向装置包括被配置为响应驱动电流以提供至少部分相干光以照射成像表面从而产生反射图像的光源。导航传感器被配置为基于反射图像产生数字图像，并且基于指示成像表面和光学指向装置之间的相对运动的数字图像生成运动数据。光源驱动器被配置为向光源提供驱动电流。驱动电流控制器被配置为基于所选择的数字图像校准驱动电流。

9. 发明授权

US07283164B2 Method for detecting and correcting defective pixels in a digital image sensor 有权
标题翻译：用于检测和校正数字图像传感器中的有缺陷的像素的方法
公开(公告)号：US07283164B2
公开(公告)日：2007-10-16
申请号：US10246124
申请日：2002-09-18
申请人： Ramakrishna Kakarala , Xuemei Zhang , Bond Yu-Pong Ying , John H. Stanback
发明人： Ramakrishna Kakarala , Xuemei Zhang , Bond Yu-Pong Ying , John H. Stanback
IPC分类号： H04N9/64 , H04N3/14
CPC分类号： H04N5/367 , H04N2209/045
摘要： A bad pixel correction (BPC) algorithm that can be implemented on the image sensor chip is provided for detecting and correcting defective pixels in a digital color image sensor. Gradients of neighboring pixels in at least one other color plane than the color plane of a current pixel and a range of sensor values from neighboring pixels in the same color plane as the current pixel are determined. If the sensor value of the current pixel is outside of the range by a threshold amount that is calculated using one or more of the gradients, the current pixel is determined to be a defective pixel, and replaced using the sensor values of the neighboring pixels in the same color plane.
摘要翻译：可以在图像传感器芯片上实现的坏像素校正（BPC）算法被提供用于检测和校正数字彩色图像传感器中的有缺陷的像素。确定与当前像素的颜色平面相比至少一个其它颜色平面中的相邻像素的渐变和来自与当前像素相同颜色平面中的相邻像素的传感器值的范围。如果当前像素的传感器值超出了使用一个或多个梯度计算的阈值的范围，则将当前像素确定为缺陷像素，并使用相邻像素的传感器值进行替换相同的颜色飞机。

10. 发明授权

US07155066B2 System and method for demosaicing raw data images with compression considerations 失效
公开(公告)号：US07155066B2
公开(公告)日：2006-12-26
申请号：US09871408
申请日：2001-05-31
申请人： Izhak Baharav , Ramakrishna Kakarala
发明人： Izhak Baharav , Ramakrishna Kakarala
IPC分类号： G06K9/46
CPC分类号： H04N9/045 , G06T3/4015 , G06T9/007 , H04N2209/046
摘要： A system and method for processing mosaiced images utilizes a compression-aware demosaicing process that takes into consideration a subsequent compression process. The compression-aware demosaicing process is performed using a compression-considered demosaicing operator that incorporates a color space conversion operator and a frequency-based transformation operator, which are typically associated with the compression process. Consequently, the overall efficiency of the system and method is significantly increased. Furthermore, the compression-aware demosaicing process produces artifacts that complement the artifacts produced by the subsequent compression process such that the artifacts are less visible in the final color images, which increases the quality of the final color images.

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