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1. 发明申请

US20120115312A1 THIN FILMS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS 审中-公开
标题翻译：光伏电池薄膜
公开(公告)号：US20120115312A1
公开(公告)日：2012-05-10
申请号：US13321834
申请日：2010-05-26
申请人： Rakesh Agrawal , Hugh W. Hillhouse , Qijie Guo , Mahaprasad Kar
发明人： Rakesh Agrawal , Hugh W. Hillhouse , Qijie Guo , Mahaprasad Kar
IPC分类号： H01L21/20
CPC分类号： H01L31/0322 , B82Y30/00 , C09D11/36 , H01L21/02485 , H01L21/02568 , H01L21/02601 , H01L21/02614 , H01L21/02628 , H01L31/0749 , H01L31/1864 , Y02E10/541 , Y02P70/521
摘要： In one aspect, a method for forming CIGSSe-based thin films includes depositing at least two layers of particles on a substrate. At least one layer includes a CIGSSe particle having a chemical composition denoted by Cu(InI-xGax)(S1-ySey)2 where 0≦x ≦1 and 0≦y≦1. The particle layers are annealed individually or in combination to form a CIGSSe thin film having a composition profile along the depth of the film In addition, one or more of the particle layers may be also deposited on a pre-existing absorber and annealed to form a film having a composition profile along the depth of the film After depositing thin film precursor layers containing CIGSSe nanoparticles (and/or any other particles) on a suitable substrate in accordance with a desired concentration profile, a subsequent treatment under an Se and/or S containing atmosphere at elevated temperature may be used to convert the precursor layers into a CIGSSe absorber film In a further aspect, a method for forming multinary metal chalcogenide semiconductor layers directly on a substrate from a solution of precursors, includes depositing a plurality of metal chalcogenide particles onto a substrate to form a precursor film A species containing a metal, chalcogen, or combination thereof is dissolved in a solution containing one or more solvents to form a liquid chalcogen medium. The precursor film is contacted with the liquid chalcogen medium at a temperature of at least 50 C to form a multinary metal chalcogenide thin film
摘要翻译：一方面，用于形成CIGSSe的薄膜的方法包括在衬底上沉积至少两层颗粒。至少一层包括具有由Cu（InI-xGax）（S1-ySey）2表示的化学组成的CIGSSe颗粒，其中0和nlE; x和nlE; 1和0＆amp; nlE; y＆nlE; 1。颗粒层单独地或组合地退火以形成具有沿着膜的深度的组成分布的CIGSSe薄膜。此外，一个或多个颗粒层也可以沉积在预先存在的吸收体上并退火以形成具有沿着膜深度的组成轮廓的膜根据期望的浓度分布，在合适的底物上沉积含有CIGSSe纳米颗粒（和/或任何其它颗粒）的薄膜前体层，然后在Se和/或S 可以使用高温下的含氮气氛将前体层转化为CIGSSe吸收膜。在另一方面，从前体溶液直接在基底上形成多金属硫族化物半导体层的方法包括沉积多个金属硫族化物颗粒在基材上形成前体膜A含有金属，硫族元素或其组合的物质是溶解的在含有一种或多种溶剂以形成液体硫属培养基的溶液中。前体膜与液态硫属培养基在至少50℃的温度下接触以形成多元金属硫族化物薄膜

2. 发明授权

US09093190B2 Synthesis of multinary chalcogenide nanoparticles comprising Cu, Zn, Sn, S, and Se 有权
标题翻译：包含Cu，Zn，Sn，S和Se的多元硫族元素纳米颗粒的合成
公开(公告)号：US09093190B2
公开(公告)日：2015-07-28
申请号：US13321835
申请日：2010-05-26
申请人： Rakesh Agrawal , Hugh W. Hillhouse , Qijie Guo
发明人： Rakesh Agrawal , Hugh W. Hillhouse , Qijie Guo
IPC分类号： H01B1/10 , H01L31/00 , C01B19/00 , C23C18/12 , H01L21/02 , H01L31/032
CPC分类号： H01B1/10 , C01B19/002 , C23C18/127 , H01L21/0256 , H01L21/02568 , H01L21/02601 , H01L21/02614 , H01L21/02628 , H01L31/0322 , H01L31/0324 , Y02E10/541
摘要： Nanoparticle compositions and methods for synthesizing multinary chalcogenide CZTSSe nanoparticles containing Cu, Zn, and Sn in combination with S, Se or both are described. The nanoparticles may be incorporated into one or more ink solutions alone or in combination with other chalcogenide-based particles to make thin films useful for photovoltaic applications, including thin films from multilayer particle films having a composition profile. The composition and stoichiometry of the thin films may be further modified by subjecting the particle films to gas or liquid phase chalcogen exchange reactions.
摘要翻译：描述了纳米颗粒组合物和合成多元硫属化物CZTSSe纳米颗粒的方法，所述CZTSSe纳米颗粒含有Cu，Zn和Sn与S，Se或两者的组合。纳米颗粒可以单独地或与其它基于硫族化物的颗粒组合在一个或多个油墨溶液中以制备用于光伏应用的薄膜，包括具有组成轮廓的多层颗粒膜的薄膜。薄膜的组成和化学计量可以通过使颗粒膜经历气相或液相硫属元素交换反应进一步改变。

3. 发明授权

US07829059B2 Rapid synthesis of ternary, binary and multinary chalcogenide nanoparticles 有权
标题翻译：三元，二元和多元硫族化物纳米粒子的快速合成
公开(公告)号：US07829059B2
公开(公告)日：2010-11-09
申请号：US12301317
申请日：2007-05-21
申请人： Qijie Guo , Rakesh Agrawal , Hugh W. Hillhouse
发明人： Qijie Guo , Rakesh Agrawal , Hugh W. Hillhouse
IPC分类号： C01B17/00 , C01B19/00
CPC分类号： C01G1/02 , B82Y30/00 , C01B19/002 , C01B19/007 , C01G1/12 , C01P2002/72 , C01P2002/84 , C01P2004/03 , C01P2004/04 , C01P2004/24 , C01P2004/64 , Y10S977/773 , Y10S977/774
摘要： A method for synthesizing a chalcogenide nanoparticle is provided. The method comprises reacting a metal component with an elemental chalcogen precursor in the presence of an organic solvent. The chalcogenide nanoparticles include ternary, binary and/or multinary chalcogenide nanoparticles and the metal component comprises metal halides or elemental metal precursors. The alkylamine solvent has a normal boiling temperature of above about 220° C. and an average particle size of from about 5 nm to about 1000 nm.
摘要翻译：提供了一种合成硫族化物纳米颗粒的方法。该方法包括在有机溶剂存在下使金属组分与元素硫族前体反应。硫族化物纳米颗粒包括三元，二元和/或多元硫族化物纳米颗粒，金属组分包括金属卤化物或元素金属前体。烷基胺溶剂的正常沸腾温度高于约220℃，平均粒度为约5nm至约1000nm。

4. 发明申请

US20120138866A1 SYNTHESIS OF MULTINARY CHALCOGENIDE NANOPARTICLES COMPRISING Cu, Zn, Sn, S, AND Se 有权
标题翻译：包含Cu，Zn，Sn，S和Se的多元氯化铝纳米粒子的合成
公开(公告)号：US20120138866A1
公开(公告)日：2012-06-07
申请号：US13321835
申请日：2010-05-26
申请人： Rakesh Agrawal , Hugh W. Hillhouse , Qijie Guo
发明人： Rakesh Agrawal , Hugh W. Hillhouse , Qijie Guo
IPC分类号： H01L31/0328 , C01G19/00 , C01B19/00 , B82Y30/00
CPC分类号： H01B1/10 , C01B19/002 , C23C18/127 , H01L21/0256 , H01L21/02568 , H01L21/02601 , H01L21/02614 , H01L21/02628 , H01L31/0322 , H01L31/0324 , Y02E10/541
摘要： Nanoparticle compositions and methods for synthesizing multinary chalcogenide CZTSSe nanoparticles containing Cu, Zn, and Sn in combination with S, Se or both are described. The nanoparticles may be incorporated into one or more ink solutions alone or in combination with other chalcogenide-based particles to make thin films useful for photovoltaic applications, including thin films from multilayer particle films having a composition profile. The composition and stoichiometry of the thin films may be further modified by subjecting the particle films to gas or liquid phase chalcogen exchange reactions.
摘要翻译：描述了纳米颗粒组合物和合成多元硫属化物CZTSSe纳米颗粒的方法，所述CZTSSe纳米颗粒含有Cu，Zn和Sn与S，Se或两者的组合。纳米颗粒可以单独地或与其它基于硫族化物的颗粒组合在一个或多个油墨溶液中以制备用于光伏应用的薄膜，包括具有组成轮廓的多层颗粒膜的薄膜。薄膜的组成和化学计量可以通过使颗粒膜经历气相或液相硫属元素交换反应进一步改变。

5. 发明授权

US08722447B2 Selenization of precursor layer containing CulnS2 nanoparticles 失效
标题翻译：含有CulnS2纳米颗粒的前体层的硒化
公开(公告)号：US08722447B2
公开(公告)日：2014-05-13
申请号：US13145016
申请日：2010-01-21
申请人： Rakesh Agrawal , Hugh Hillhouse , Qijie Guo
发明人： Rakesh Agrawal , Hugh Hillhouse , Qijie Guo
IPC分类号： H01L21/00 , H01L31/00
CPC分类号： H01L31/186 , H01L21/02491 , H01L21/02568 , H01L21/02601 , H01L21/02614 , H01L21/02628 , H01L31/0322 , Y02E10/50 , Y02P70/521
摘要： A method of fabrication of thin films for photovoltaic or electronic applications is provided. The method includes fabricating a nanocrystal precursor layer and selenizing the nanocrystal precursor layer in a selenium containing atmosphere. The nanocrystal precursor layer includes one of CuInS2, CuIn(Sy,Se1-y)2, CuGaS2, CuGa(Sy, Se1-y)2, Cu(InxGa1-x)S2, and Cu(InxGa1-x)(Sy, Se1-y)2 nanoparticles and combinations thereof, wherein 0≦x≦1 and 0≦y≦1.
摘要翻译：提供了制造用于光伏或电子应用的薄膜的方法。该方法包括制造纳米晶体前体层并在含硒气氛中硒化纳米晶体前体层。纳米晶体前体层包括CuInS2，CuIn（Sy，Se1-y）2，CuGaS2，CuGa（Sy，Se1-y）2，Cu（InxGa1-x）S2和Cu（InxGa1-x）（Sy，Se1 -y）2纳米颗粒及其组合，其中0＆lt; lE; x＆nlE; 1和0＆nlE; y＆nlE;

6. 发明申请

US20100003187A1 RAPID SYNTHESIS OF TERNARY, BINARY AND MULTINARY CHALCOGENIDE NANOPARTICLES 有权
标题翻译：二次，二次和多次氯化钠纳米粒子的快速合成
公开(公告)号：US20100003187A1
公开(公告)日：2010-01-07
申请号：US12301317
申请日：2007-05-21
申请人： Qijie Guo , Rakesh Agrawal , Hugh W. Lane
发明人： Qijie Guo , Rakesh Agrawal , Hugh W. Lane
IPC分类号： C01B19/04 , C01B19/00
CPC分类号： C01G1/02 , B82Y30/00 , C01B19/002 , C01B19/007 , C01G1/12 , C01P2002/72 , C01P2002/84 , C01P2004/03 , C01P2004/04 , C01P2004/24 , C01P2004/64 , Y10S977/773 , Y10S977/774
摘要： A method for synthesizing a chalcogenide nanoparticle is provided. The method comprises reacting a metal component with an elemental chalcogen precursor in the presence of an organic solvent. The chalcogenide nanoparticles include ternary, binary and/or multinary chalcogenide nanoparticles and the metal component comprises metal halides or elemental metal precursors. The alkylamine solvent has a normal boiling temperature of above about 220° C. and an average particle size of from about 5 nm to about 1000 nm.
摘要翻译：提供了一种合成硫族化物纳米颗粒的方法。该方法包括在有机溶剂存在下使金属组分与元素硫族前体反应。硫族化物纳米颗粒包括三元，二元和/或多元硫族化物纳米颗粒，金属组分包括金属卤化物或元素金属前体。烷基胺溶剂的正常沸腾温度高于约220℃，平均粒度为约5nm至约1000nm。

7. 发明申请

US20120122268A1 SELENIZATION OF PRECURSOR LAYER CONTAINING CULNS2 NANOPARTICLES 失效
标题翻译：含有CULNS2纳米粒子的前驱体层的释放
公开(公告)号：US20120122268A1
公开(公告)日：2012-05-17
申请号：US13145016
申请日：2010-01-21
申请人： Rakesh Agrawal , Hugh Hillhouse , Qijie Guo
发明人： Rakesh Agrawal , Hugh Hillhouse , Qijie Guo
IPC分类号： H01L31/18 , H01L21/36
CPC分类号： H01L31/186 , H01L21/02491 , H01L21/02568 , H01L21/02601 , H01L21/02614 , H01L21/02628 , H01L31/0322 , Y02E10/50 , Y02P70/521
摘要： A method of fabrication of thin films for photovoltaic or electronic applications is provided. The method includes fabricating a nanocrystal precursor layer and selenizing the nanocrystal precursor layer in a selenium containing atmosphere. The nanocrystal precursor layer includes one of CuInS2, CuIn(Sy,Se1−y)2, CuGaS2, CuGa(Sy,Se1−y)2, Cu(InxGa1−x)S2, and Cu(InxGa1−x)(Sy,Se1−y)2 nanoparticles and combinations thereof, wherein 0≦x≦1 and 1≦y≦0.
摘要翻译：提供了制造用于光伏或电子应用的薄膜的方法。该方法包括制造纳米晶体前体层并在含硒气氛中硒化纳米晶体前体层。纳米晶体前体层包括CuInS2，CuIn（Sy，Se1-y）2，CuGaS2，CuGa（Sy，Se1-y）2，Cu（InxGa1-x）S2和Cu（InxGa1-x）（Sy，Se1 -y）2纳米颗粒及其组合，其中0＆lt; lE; x＆nlE; 1和1＆nlE; y＆nlE;

8. 发明授权

US08612432B2 Determining query intent 有权
标题翻译：确定查询意图
公开(公告)号：US08612432B2
公开(公告)日：2013-12-17
申请号：US12816389
申请日：2010-06-16
申请人： Krishnaram N. G. Kenthapadi , Panayiotis Tsaparas , Sreenivas Gollapudi , Rakesh Agrawal
发明人： Krishnaram N. G. Kenthapadi , Panayiotis Tsaparas , Sreenivas Gollapudi , Rakesh Agrawal
IPC分类号： G06F7/00 , G06F17/30 , G06F15/18
CPC分类号： G06F17/30979
摘要： A tree structure has a node associated with each category of a hierarchy of item categories. Child nodes of the tree are associated with sub-categories of the categories associated with parent nodes. Training data including received queries and indicators of a selected item category for each received query is combined with the tree structure by associating each query with the node corresponding to the selected category of the query. When a query is received, a classifier is applied to the nodes to generate a probability that the query is intended to match an item of the category associated with the node. The classifier is applied until the probability is below a threshold. One or more categories associated with the nodes that are closest to the intent of the received query are selected and indicators of items of those categories that match the received query are output.
摘要翻译：树结构具有与项目类别的层次结构的每个类别相关联的节点。树的子节点与与父节点相关联的类别的子类别相关联。通过将每个查询与对应于所选择的查询类别的节点相关联，将包括接收到的查询和针对每个接收到的查询的所选项目类别的指示符的训练数据与树结构组合。当接收到查询时，分类器被应用于节点以产生查询旨在匹配与节点相关联的类别的项目的概率。应用分类器直到概率低于阈值。选择与接收到的查询的意图最接近的节点相关联的一个或多个类别，并输出与接收到的查询匹配的那些类别的项目的指示符。

9. 发明授权

US08413060B1 Methods and systems for visually distinguishing user attribute similarities and differences 有权
标题翻译：用于视觉区分用户属性相似性和差异的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US08413060B1
公开(公告)日：2013-04-02
申请号：US12000846
申请日：2007-12-18
申请人： Rakesh Agrawal
发明人： Rakesh Agrawal
IPC分类号： G06F3/00 , G06F15/16
CPC分类号： H04L51/04
摘要： Methods, computer-readable storage media, and systems are provided to facilitate visually distinguishing common attributes of users an electronic communication network or messaging service. In particular, user profile attributes are compared between a first and second user, and similar attributes are visually highlighted by assigning, for example, a distinct font, font size, color, font effect, and/or other visual effect to the user's screen name to designate which attributes are similar. In addition, or alternatively, when the first user views a user profile of the second user, common user attributes are visually highlighted. In one embodiment, the font, font size, color, and/or font effect assigned to the highlighted attribute indicates a degree of similarity of the attribute. Such implementations may allow users to more easily recognize and interact with others that have similar interests and attributes.
摘要翻译：提供方法，计算机可读存储介质和系统以便于在电视通信网络或消息服务的视觉上区分用户的公共属性。特别地，在第一和第二用户之间比较用户简档属性，并且通过向用户的屏幕名称分配例如不同的字体，字体大小，颜色，字体效果和/或其他视觉效果来视觉突出类似的属性指定哪些属性相似。另外或替代地，当第一用户查看第二用户的用户简档时，公共用户属性被视觉上突出显示。在一个实施例中，分配给突出显示的属性的字体，字体大小，颜色和/或字体效果指示属性的相似程度。这样的实现可以允许用户更容易地识别和与具有相似兴趣和属性的其他人交互。

10. 发明授权

US08244747B2 Middleware for query processing across a network of RFID databases 失效
标题翻译：用于RFID数据库网络查询处理的中间件
公开(公告)号：US08244747B2
公开(公告)日：2012-08-14
申请号：US11566931
申请日：2006-12-05
申请人： Rakesh Agrawal , Alvin K. Cheung , Karin Kailing , Stefan Schoenauer
发明人： Rakesh Agrawal , Alvin K. Cheung , Karin Kailing , Stefan Schoenauer
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30448 , G06F17/30557
摘要： An implementation wherein RFID data is shared across independent organizations has been addressed. RFID data is usually spread across different parties, e.g. enterprises in a supply chain and thus, efficient query processing across all parties is required. Traceability is emerging as one of the key applications of RFID technology. A generic data model is introduced for querying RFID data across a network of independently operated data sources. The model can be used to facilitate traceability query processing and give a set of representative traceability queries. A newly designed process-and-forward approach is implemented for executing traceability queries.
摘要翻译：解决了RFID数据在独立组织之间共享的实现。 RFID数据通常分布在不同方面，例如供应链中的企业，因此需要各方有效的查询处理。可追溯性正在成为RFID技术的关键应用之一。引入了通用数据模型，用于通过独立运行的数据源网络查询RFID数据。该模型可用于促进可追溯性查询处理，并提供一组具有代表性的可追溯性查询。实施新设计的进程和转发方法来执行可追溯性查询。

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