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    • 5. 发明申请
    • Enhanced stability of proteins immobilized on nanoparticles
    • 增强固定在纳米粒子上的蛋白质的稳定性
    • US20090143487A1
    • 2009-06-04
    • US11663040
    • 2005-09-07
    • Jonathan S. DordickRavindra S. KanePrashanth AsuriSandeep S. Karajanagi
    • Jonathan S. DordickRavindra S. KanePrashanth AsuriSandeep S. Karajanagi
    • A61K47/42C12Q1/00C12Q1/58A61P43/00
    • G01N33/54346B82Y15/00C12Q1/001G01N33/587G01N33/588
    • This invention is directed to the application of a previously unknown property of nanomaterials—its ability to enhance protein activity and stability at high temperatures, in organic solvents, and in polymer composites. Nanomaterials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can significantly enhance enzyme function and stability in strongly denaturing environments. Experimental results and theoretical analysis reveal that the enhancement in stability is a result of the curvature of these nanoscale materials, which suppresses unfavorable protein-protein interactions. The enhanced stability is also exploited in the preparation of highly stable and active nanocomposite films that resist nonspecific protein absorption, i.e., inhibit fouling of the films. The protein-nanoparticles conjugates represent a new generation of highly selective, active, and stable catalytic materials. Furthermore, the ability to enhance protein function by interfacing them with nanomaterials has a profound impact on applications ranging from biosensing, diagnostics, vaccines, drug delivery, and biochips, to novel hybrid materials that integrate biotic and abiotic components.
    • 本发明涉及以前未知的纳米材料性质的应用 - 其在高温下,有机溶剂和聚合物复合材料中增强蛋白质活性和稳定性的能力。 纳米材料如单壁碳纳米管(SWNT)可以显着增强强力变性环境中的酶功能和稳定性。 实验结果和理论分析表明,稳定性的提高是这些纳米材料的曲率的结果,其抑制不利的蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用。 增强的稳定性也被用于制备高度稳定和活性的纳米复合膜,其抵抗非特异性蛋白质吸收,即抑制膜的结垢。 蛋白质 - 纳米颗粒共轭体代表新一代高选择性,活性和稳定的催化材料。 此外,通过与纳米材料接口来增强蛋白质功能的能力对从生物传感,诊断,疫苗,药物递送和生物芯片到包含生物和非生物成分的新型杂交材料的应用具有深远的影响。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Polyelectrolyte nanolayers as diffusion barriers in semiconductor devices
    • 聚电解质纳米粒子作为半导体器件中的扩散阻挡层
    • US07081674B2
    • 2006-07-25
    • US10866005
    • 2004-06-11
    • Ramanath GanapathiramanRavindra S. KaneGopal Ganesan Pethuraja
    • Ramanath GanapathiramanRavindra S. KaneGopal Ganesan Pethuraja
    • H01L23/48
    • H01L21/02118H01L21/02282H01L21/288H01L21/312H01L21/32051H01L21/76829H01L21/76832H01L21/76841H01L23/53238H01L23/5329H01L23/53295H01L2221/1078H01L2924/0002H01L2924/00
    • The present invention provides a diffusion barrier useful in an integrated circuit, which serves to prevent the migration of material from a conductive layer to the underlying substrate and further provides improved adhesion of the conductive layer to the substrate. The diffusion barrier comprises a polymer which is a polyelectrolyte, having both cationic and anionic groups along its backbone chain. Preferred polyelectolyte barriers are polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyacrylic acid (PAA). Other polyelectrolytes may be used, such as those that contain SH—OH— aromatic groups, or those that can interact with either the metal or the adjacent layers via covalent interactions and cross-linking (e.g., POMA, PSMA). The polymeric layer may be applied in two coatings, so that the amine side chains contact the dielectric (e.g. silicon) substrate and the acidic groups are adjacent to the overlying metallic interconnect (e.g. copper). The diffusion barrier may be made thin, preferably less than 5 nm thick, which is advantageous in devices having high aspect ratios.
    • 本发明提供了在集成电路中有用的扩散阻挡层,其用于防止材料从导电层迁移到下面的衬底,并进一步提供导电层与衬底的改善的粘合性。 扩散阻挡层包括聚合物,其是聚电解质,沿其主链具有阳离子和阴离子基团。 优选的聚电解质屏障是聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和聚丙烯酸(PAA)。 可以使用其它聚电解质,例如含有SH-OH-芳族基团的聚电解质,或可以通过共价相互作用和交联(例如,POMA,PSMA)与金属或相邻层相互作用的那些。 聚合物层可以施加在两个涂层中,使得胺侧链接触电介质(例如硅)衬底,并且酸性基团与上覆的金属互连(例如铜)相邻。 可以使扩散阻挡层变薄,优选小于5nm厚,这在具有高纵横比的器件中是有利的。