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1. 发明授权

US06470389B1 Hosting a network service on a cluster of servers using a single-address image 失效
标题翻译：使用单一地址映像在服务器集群上托管网络服务
公开(公告)号：US06470389B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-22
申请号：US08818989
申请日：1997-03-14
申请人： Pi-Yu Chung , Om P. Damani , Yennun Huang , Chandra M. Kintala , Yi-Min Wang
发明人： Pi-Yu Chung , Om P. Damani , Yennun Huang , Chandra M. Kintala , Yi-Min Wang
IPC分类号： G06F1516
CPC分类号： H04L29/06 , G06F2209/462 , H04L29/12047 , H04L29/12292 , H04L29/12783 , H04L61/15 , H04L61/2069 , H04L61/35 , H04L67/1002 , H04L67/1023 , H04L67/1034 , H04L67/42 , H04L69/16
摘要： Methods and apparatus for hosting a network service on a cluster of servers, each including a primary and a secondary Internet Protocol (IP) address. A common cluster address is assigned as the secondary address to each of the servers in the cluster. The cluster address may be assigned in UNIX-based servers using an ifconfig alias option, and may be a ghost IP address that is not used as a primary address by any server in the cluster. Client requests directed to the cluster address are dispatched such that only one of the servers of the cluster responds to a given client request. The dispatching may use a routing-based technique, in which all client requests directed to the cluster address are routed to a dispatcher connected to the local network of the server cluster. The dispatcher then applies a hash function to the client IP address in order to select one of the servers to process the request. The dispatching may alternatively use a broadcast-based technique, in which a router broadcasts client requests having the cluster address to all of the servers of the cluster over a local network. The servers then each provide a filtering routine, which may involve comparing a server identifier with a hash value generated from a client address, in order to ensure that only one server responds to each request broadcast by the router.
摘要翻译：在服务器集群上托管网络服务的方法和装置，每个服务器包括主要和辅助因特网协议（IP）地址。将通用群集地址分配给群集中的每个服务器的辅助地址。可以使用ifconfig别名选项在基于UNIX的服务器中分配群集地址，并且可能是群集中的任何服务器未被用作主地址的ghost IP地址。调度定向到集群地址的客户端请求，使得只有一个集群的服务器响应给定的客户端请求。调度可以使用基于路由的技术，其中指向集群地址的所有客户端请求被路由到连接到服务器集群的本地网络的分派器。调度员然后将哈希函数应用于客户端IP地址，以便选择其中一个服务器来处理该请求。调度可以替代地使用基于广播的技术，其中路由器通过本地网络向群集的所有服务器广播具有簇地址的客户端请求。然后，服务器每个提供过滤例程，其可以涉及将服务器标识符与从客户端地址生成的散列值进行比较，以便确保只有一个服务器响应路由器广播的每个请求。

2. 发明授权

US5440726A Progressive retry method and apparatus having reusable software modules for software failure recovery in multi-process message-passing applications 失效
标题翻译：具有用于多进程消息传递应用程序中的软件故障恢复的可重复使用的软件模块的逐行重试方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5440726A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-08
申请号：US263916
申请日：1994-06-22
申请人： Wesley K. Fuchs , Yennun Huang , Chandra M. Kintala , Yi-Min Wang
发明人： Wesley K. Fuchs , Yennun Huang , Chandra M. Kintala , Yi-Min Wang
IPC分类号： G06F11/14 , G06F15/00 , G06F11/18
CPC分类号： G06F11/1402
摘要： A progressive retry recovery system based on checkpointing, message logging, rollback, message replaying and message reordering is disclosed. The disclosed progressive retry system minimizes the number of involved processes as well as the total rollback distance. The progressive retry recovery system includes a fault tolerant software library which provides a number of functions which may be invoked by application processes to implement fault tolerance. Fault tolerant functions are provided for allowing an application process to generate a heartbeat message at specified intervals indicating that the application process is still active. In addition, fault tolerance implementation functions are provided for specifying critical memory, for executing checkpoints to store backup copies of critical data, and for restoring critical data during a recovery. In addition, functions are provided which process messages that are sent or received by an application process and maintain logs of the sent and received messages. The progressive retry recovery method consists of a number of retry steps which gradually increase the scope of the rollback when a previous retry step fails.
摘要翻译：公开了一种基于检查点，消息记录，回滚，消息重放和消息重新排序的逐行重试恢复系统。所公开的逐行重试系统使涉及的进程的数量以及总的回滚距离最小化。逐行重试恢复系统包括容错软件库，其提供可由应用进程调用以实现容错的多个功能。提供了容错功能，允许应用程序在指定的时间间隔内产生心跳消息，指示应用进程仍处于活动状态。此外，提供了容错实现功能，用于指定关键内存，执行检查点以存储关键数据的备份副本，以及在恢复期间恢复关键数据。此外，提供了处理由应用进程发送或接收的消息并维护发送和接收消息的日志的功能。渐进式重试恢复方法由多个重试步骤组成，当之前的重试步骤失败时，该重试步骤会逐渐增加回滚的范围。

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