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1. 发明授权

US06972841B2 Method and apparatus for determining the non-volatile component of aerosol particles in a gas sample 失效
标题翻译：用于测定气体样品中气溶胶颗粒的非挥发性成分的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06972841B2
公开(公告)日：2005-12-06
申请号：US10302980
申请日：2002-11-25
申请人： Peter W. Krempl , Christian Reiter , Wolfgang Schindler , Wolfgang Singer
发明人： Peter W. Krempl , Christian Reiter , Wolfgang Schindler , Wolfgang Singer
IPC分类号： G01N1/22 , G01N27/00 , G01N15/02
CPC分类号： G01N29/036 , G01N1/2202 , G01N1/2252 , G01N2001/2223 , G01N2001/2264 , G01N2291/0217 , G01N2291/0256 , G01N2291/0422
摘要： The invention relates to a method for determining the non-volatile component of aerosol particles in a gas sample, especially in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines, where the aerosol particles are deposited on an oscillating sensor (2) of at least one crystal microbalance (3), and the change in at least one oscillation parameter of the oscillating sensor is employed as measurement variable. According to the invention the oscillating sensor (2) of at least one crystal microbalance (3) is maintained at a temperature of more than 200° C. during deposition of the aerosol particles, and preferably between 250° C. and 350° C.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种用于确定气体样品中的气溶胶颗粒的非挥发性组分的方法，特别是在内燃机的废气中，其中气溶胶颗粒沉积在至少一个晶体微量天平的振荡传感器（2）上（3），并且使用振荡传感器的至少一个振荡参数的变化作为测量变量。根据本发明，至少一种晶体微量天平（3）的振荡传感器（2）在气溶胶颗粒沉积期间保持在大于200℃的温度，优选在250℃和350℃之间。

2. 发明授权

US4953390A Method and a device for measuring the air/fuel ratio of an internal combustion engine 失效
标题翻译：用于测量内燃机的空燃比的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4953390A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-04
申请号：US351215
申请日：1989-05-15
申请人： Peter W. Krempl , Wolfgang Schindler , Erich J. Schiefer
发明人： Peter W. Krempl , Wolfgang Schindler , Erich J. Schiefer
IPC分类号： G01M15/10 , G01N21/3504 , G01N21/3554 , G01N21/3563
CPC分类号： G01M15/108 , G01N21/3504 , G01N21/3554 , G01N21/3563 , G01N2201/128
摘要： A method and device for delay-free measurement of the air/fuel ratio of combustion systems, especially internal combustion engines, by measuring individual components of the fuel, the ambient air used for fuel combustion, and the exhaust gas, wherein the water vapor concentrations of the exhaust gas and, preferably, the ambient air or the gas supplied for fuel combustion are measured, and wherein the air/fuel ratio are computed by the obtained values and data on fuel composition.
摘要翻译：一种用于通过测量燃料的单独部件，用于燃料燃烧的环境空气和废气来对燃烧系统，特别是内燃机的空气/燃料比进行无时间测量的方法和装置，其中水蒸汽浓度并且优选地，测量用于燃料燃烧供给的环境空气或气体，并且其中通过获得的值和关于燃料组成的数据来计算空气/燃料比。

3. 发明授权

US4525627A Method and device for continuous measurement of the mass of aerosol particles in gaseous samples 失效
标题翻译：用于连续测量气态样品中气溶胶粒子质量的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4525627A
公开(公告)日：1985-06-25
申请号：US491553
申请日：1983-05-04
申请人： Peter W. Krempl , Wolfgang Schindler
发明人： Peter W. Krempl , Wolfgang Schindler
IPC分类号： G01N21/59 , G01N15/06 , G01N21/3504 , G01N21/53 , G01J3/42 , G01N21/21
CPC分类号： G01N21/3504 , G01N21/534 , G01N15/06
摘要： A gaseous sample and a reference volume are traversed by electromagnetic iation and the absorption caused by the sample, as given by the difference between the radiation intensities after passage through the sample and the reference volume, is measured and used as a measurement value.By means of radiation of a wavelength in the range between 3.8 and 4.15 .mu.m, the specific mass of particles characterized by broadband absorption--especially graphitic particles--is determined; by means of radiation of a frequency band centered in the wavelength range of 3.35 to 3.5 .mu.m, whose 3 dB bandwidth does not exceed 0.3 .mu.m, the specific total mass of aerosol particles is determined, and by the additional measurement of the resonance absorption at a wavelength in the range of 3.35 to 3.5 .mu.m the percentages of both graphitic and organically soluble particles are determined separately.In a device for the implementation of the method a beam splitter transmits the radiation of a common radiation source to the sample and the reference volume; by means of a deflection unit the partial beams are reunited and transmitted to an evaluation unit in front of a common detector. With the aid of two transparent plates with parallel faces which are inclined against the incident beam at the Brewster angle, and are inserted in the beam splitter and in the deflection unit, the partial beams are polarized differently; as selector unit a rotatable polarization analyzer is used.
摘要翻译：气体样品和参考体积通过电磁辐射穿过，并且由样品引起的吸收（通过样品通过后的辐射强度与参考体积之间的差）给出的吸收被测量并用作测量值。通过在3.8和4.15μm之间的波长的辐射，确定特征为宽带吸收的特定质量 - 特别是石墨颗粒 - 通过以3.35〜3.5μm的波长范围为中心的频带的辐射，其3dB带宽不超过0.3μm，确定气溶胶颗粒的特定总质量，并且通过附加测量共振吸收在3.35〜3.5μm的波长范围内分别测定石墨和有机可溶性颗粒的百分比。在用于实现该方法的装置中，分束器将普通辐射源的辐射传递到样品和参考体积; 通过偏转单元，部分光束被聚合并传送到在公共检测器前面的评估单元。借助于具有平行面的两个透明板，它们以布鲁斯特角倾斜入射光束，并插入分束器和偏转单元中，部分光束被不同地极化; 作为选择器单元，使用可旋转偏振分析器。

4. 发明授权

US06786075B2 Method for the measurement of aerosol particles in gaseous samples 失效
标题翻译：气态样品中气溶胶颗粒测量方法
公开(公告)号：US06786075B2
公开(公告)日：2004-09-07
申请号：US10124677
申请日：2002-04-17
申请人： Friedrich Radke , Peter W. Krempl , Christian Reiter
发明人： Friedrich Radke , Peter W. Krempl , Christian Reiter
IPC分类号： G01N2902
CPC分类号： G01N29/222 , G01N1/2202 , G01N1/2214 , G01N1/2252 , G01N5/02 , G01N15/0656 , G01N29/036 , G01N2001/2833 , G01N2291/02408
摘要： A process to determine aerosol particles in gaseous samples, specifically in the exhaust of diesel motors, includes the at least indirect deposit of aerosol particles on a piezoelectric oscillating crystal and the determination of the oscillation parameters of the piezoelectrically stimulated oscillation of the crystal. In order to assure the required reproducibility reliably and independently of the type of aerosol particles, and thus to achieve a high quality of measurements, the piezoelectric crystal is charged to oscillation during less than half the period of deposit of aerosol particles.
摘要翻译：确定气态样品中气溶胶颗粒（特别是柴油发动机排气）中的气溶胶颗粒的方法包括将气溶胶颗粒至少间接沉积在压电振荡晶体上，以及确定晶体的压电激发振荡的振荡参数。为了可靠地且独立于气溶胶颗粒的类型确保所需的再现性，并且因此为了获得高质量的测量，压电晶体在不到一小部分气溶胶颗粒沉积期间被充电至振荡。

5. 发明授权

US4771176A Method for quantitative analysis of hydrocarbon 失效
标题翻译：碳氢化合物定量分析方法
公开(公告)号：US4771176A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-13
申请号：US937612
申请日：1986-12-03
申请人： Erich J. Schiefer , Wolfgang Schindler , Peter W. Krempl
发明人： Erich J. Schiefer , Wolfgang Schindler , Peter W. Krempl
IPC分类号： G01N21/3504 , G01J3/42
CPC分类号： G01N21/3504
摘要： In conventional methods of quantitative hydrocarbon analysis in gaseous sles by means of infrared transmission, systematic inaccuracies may be found which are caused by changes in the composition of the components contained in the sample. Such inaccuracies typically amount to 10 to 30% of the measured value, with occasional rises of up to 100%. In order to eliminate this disadvantage the invention proposes that for determining the total mass of gaseous and condensed hydrocarbons radiation be used with a frequency band whose integral infrared absorption has approximately the same value for each of the main hydrocarbons present.
摘要翻译：在通过红外透射的气体样品中定量烃分析的常规方法中，可能发现由样品中包含的组分的组成变化引起的系统不准确性。这种不准确率通常为测量值的10至30％，偶尔上升至100％。为了消除这种缺点，本发明提出，为了确定气体和冷凝烃辐射的总质量，使用其整体红外吸收对于存在的主要烃存在大致相同的频带。

6. 发明授权

US4577105A Method of determining masses of absorbing components of a sample in a test volume and a device for implementation of this method 失效
标题翻译：确定测试体积中样品的吸收组分质量的方法和用于实施该方法的装置
公开(公告)号：US4577105A
公开(公告)日：1986-03-18
申请号：US602391
申请日：1984-04-20
申请人： Peter W. Krempl , Wolfgang Schindler
发明人： Peter W. Krempl , Wolfgang Schindler
IPC分类号： G01N21/35 , G01N21/53 , G01J1/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/534
摘要： A test volume and a reference volume are irradiated by separate beams of an infrared source, and the two beams are subsequently fed to a detector in periodical alternation. The time constant of the detector is small compared to the period of this alternation. From the measured differences in intensity the masses of the absorbing components of a sample in the test volume are determined. During each period the value of the detector signal is sampled by an evaluation unit at least once while either the test beam or the reference beam is being present at the detector. For separate determination of different sample components, radiation of different defined frequency bands is fed to the detector during each period, and the intensity of the test beam is determined at each of the different frequencies whereas that of the reference beam is determined at one of these frequencies at least.
摘要翻译：测试体积和参考体积由红外源的分开的束照射，并且两个光束随后被周期性地交替地馈送到检测器。检测器的时间常数与此交替的周期相比较小。根据测量的强度差异，确定测试体积中样品的吸收组分的质量。在每个周期期间，检测器信号的值由评估单元至少一次采样，而检测器或参考光束存在于检测器处。对于不同样本分量的单独确定，在每个周期期间将不同定义频带的辐射馈送到检测器，并且在每个不同频率处确定测试光束的强度，而在其中之一处确定参考光束的强度频率至少。

7. 发明授权

US4518861A Method for the continuous measurement of the mass of aerosol particles in gaseous samples and a device for the implementation of the method 失效
标题翻译：用于连续测量气态样品中气溶胶颗粒物质的方法和用于实施该方法的装置
公开(公告)号：US4518861A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-21
申请号：US439596
申请日：1982-11-05
申请人： Peter W. Krempl , Wolfgang Schindler , Leopold Faschingleitner
发明人： Peter W. Krempl , Wolfgang Schindler , Leopold Faschingleitner
IPC分类号： G01N21/21 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/53 , G01J1/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/534 , G01N21/53 , G01N21/21 , G01N21/314 , G01N2201/127
摘要： For a continuous measurement of the mass of absorbing particles in a gaseous sample, the sample is traversed by electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength greater than the mean radius of the particles. The difference in absorption for at least two frequencies is determined and appointed to the particle mass sought after.
摘要翻译：为了连续测量气态样品中吸收颗粒的质量，样品通过波长大于颗粒平均半径的电磁辐射穿过。确定至少两个频率的吸收差异，并指定给追求的粒子质量。

8. 发明授权

US4737652A Method for the periodic determination of a quantity to be measured, using a reference signal 失效
标题翻译：使用参考信号周期性地确定待测量的方法
公开(公告)号：US4737652A
公开(公告)日：1988-04-12
申请号：US847454
申请日：1986-04-03
申请人： Leopold Faschingleitner , Peter W. Krempl , Wolfgang Schindler
发明人： Leopold Faschingleitner , Peter W. Krempl , Wolfgang Schindler
IPC分类号： G01J1/16 , G01N15/06 , G01N21/31 , G01R17/02 , G01N21/49
CPC分类号： G01N21/314 , G01J1/16 , G01R17/02 , G01J2001/1673 , G01N15/06 , G01N2201/127
摘要： In order to eliminate equipment-generated fluctuations during the periodic determination of a quantity to be measured which is effected by forming the difference between a measuring signal which has been altered relative to a source signal by the measurement variable and a reference signal which has remained unaffected relative to the source signal by the measurement variable, a base signal level is determined for each measuring cycle as the difference between the reference level and a zero level in the absence of a source signal, subsequent to which each actual reference signal level and each measuring signal level is compensated with the previously determined reference signal level. By amplifying the compensated reference signals prior to difference formation and standardizing the signal difference to the base signal level, a high degree of accuracy may be achieved even if the attenuations of the measuring signal caused by the quantity to be measured are very small.
摘要翻译：为了消除设备产生的波动，在通过形成相对于源信号被测量变量改变的测量信号与保持不受影响的参考信号之间的差异来定期测量待测量时通过测量变量相对于源信号，将每个测量周期确定基准信号电平作为在没有源信号的基准电平和零电平之间的差值，随后每个实际参考信号电平和每个测量信号电平用先前确定的参考信号电平进行补偿。通过在差分形成之前放大补偿参考信号并将信号差标准化为基本信号电平，即使由待测量引起的测量信号的衰减非常小，也可以实现高精度。

9. 发明授权

US5440188A Piezoelectric crystal element 失效
标题翻译：压电晶体元件
公开(公告)号：US5440188A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-08
申请号：US276353
申请日：1994-07-15
申请人： Peter W. Krempl , Wolfgang Wallnofer
发明人： Peter W. Krempl , Wolfgang Wallnofer
IPC分类号： H04R17/00 , H01L41/08 , H03H9/02 , H03H9/25 , H01L41/04
CPC分类号： H03H9/02574
摘要： A piezoelectric crystal element for surface acoustic wave applications with a quartz substrate with at least one substantially planar quartz surface, the planar quartz surface having an epitaxially grown layer of a quartz-isomorphous crystal with the total molecular formula ABO.sub.4, A standing for Al or Ga, and B for P or As, and the quartz surface and the epitaxial layer having approximately the same crystallographic orientation.
摘要翻译：一种用于表面声波应用的压电晶体元件，其具有至少一个基本上平面的石英表面的石英衬底，所述平面石英表面具有总共分子式ABO4，A表示Al或Ga的石英同晶体的外延生长层，B为P或As，石英表面和外延层具有大致相同的晶体取向。

10. 发明授权

US5220836A Method and arrangement for piezoelectric measurement 失效
标题翻译：压电测量的方法和布置
公开(公告)号：US5220836A
公开(公告)日：1993-06-22
申请号：US613806
申请日：1990-12-26
申请人： Klaus-Christoph Harms , Peter W. Krempl , Joseph Moik
发明人： Klaus-Christoph Harms , Peter W. Krempl , Joseph Moik
IPC分类号： G01D5/243 , G01L1/10 , G01L1/16 , G01L9/00 , G01L9/08
CPC分类号： G01L1/162 , G01L1/16 , G01L9/0022 , G01L9/08 , Y10S73/04
摘要： A sensor containing at least one piezoelectric transducer element is operated via a common, single signal line in both possible operating modes--first, at low frequencies as a measuring element for a mechanical quantity upon utilization of the direct piezoeffect and, second, at higher frequencies as a piezoelectric resonator upon utilization of the inverse piezoeffect for electrical excitation of mechanical oscillations and of the direct piezoeffect for generating the piezoelectric reaction. A high-frequency signal (u.sup.HF, u.sub.F) that describes the resonant characteristic and a lower-frequency signal (u.sub.NF, u.sub.Q) that describes the mechanical influence are generated from the measured signal on the signal line. The faultless function of the sensor together with the appertaining measuring amplifier, for example, can thus be monitored immediately during a measurement with the sensor or a simultaneous measurement of two different quantities can be undertaken.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / AT90 / 00033 Sec。 371日期1990年12月26日第 102（e）日期1990年12月26日PCT 1990年4月18日提交PCT公布。 WO90 / 13010PC PCT出版物日期：1990年11月1日。包含至少一个压电换能器元件的传感器在两种可能的操作模式中通过公共的单个信号线进行操作 - 首先在低频下作为用于直接压电效应时机械量的测量元件以及第二，在利用用于机械振荡的电激发的反向压电效应和用于产生压电反应的直接压电效应的压电谐振器的较高频率下。从信号线上的测量信号产生描述谐振特性的高频信号（uHF，uF）和描述机械影响的低频信号（uNF，uQ）。因此，可以在使用传感器进行测量期间立即监测传感器与相关测量放大器的无故障功能，或者可以进行两个不同数量的同时测量。

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