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1. 发明授权

US5729527A Fault management in a multichannel transmission system 失效
标题翻译：多通道传输系统中的故障管理
公开(公告)号：US5729527A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-17
申请号：US618652
申请日：1996-03-19
申请人： Ornan Alexander Gerstel , William Eric Hall , Rajiv Ramaswami , Galen Hajime Sasaki
发明人： Ornan Alexander Gerstel , William Eric Hall , Rajiv Ramaswami , Galen Hajime Sasaki
IPC分类号： H04Q11/00 , H04L12/50
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0001 , H04J14/0297 , H04J14/0278 , H04J14/0282
摘要： Efficient methods for rerouting failed channels on to spare channels in a multichannel transmission system are described. One method uses a minimal amount of rerouting to reroute all the channels if one or two line cards fail. Another set of methods reroute up to two failed channels on to spare channels in the event of channel failures. With this method only the failed channels are rerouted. However the failed channels may have to be routed through a slightly larger, but minimal, number of additional hops than with the first method.
摘要翻译：描述了在多信道传输系统中重新路由故障信道到备用信道的有效方法。如果一个或两个线卡出现故障，一种方法使用最少量的重新路由重新路由所有通道。在发生频道故障的情况下，另一组方法可重新路由多达两个故障通道以备用通道。使用此方法，只有失败的通道被重新路由。然而，与第一种方法相比，故障通道可能必须通过稍大，但最小的额外跳数来路由。

2. 发明授权

US06256293B1 Fault management in a multichannel transmission system 失效
标题翻译：多通道传输系统中的故障管理
公开(公告)号：US06256293B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-03
申请号：US09039665
申请日：1998-03-16
申请人： Ornan Alexander Gerstel , William Eric Hall , Rajiv Ramaswami , Galen Hajime Sasaki
发明人： Ornan Alexander Gerstel , William Eric Hall , Rajiv Ramaswami , Galen Hajime Sasaki
IPC分类号： G01R3108
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0001 , H04J14/0278 , H04J14/0282 , H04J14/0297
摘要： Efficient methods for rerouting failed channels on to spare channels in a multichannel transmission system are described. One method uses a minimal amount of rerouting to reroute all the channels if one or two line cards fail. Another set of methods reroute up to two failed channels on to spare channels in the event of channel failures. With this method only the failed channels are rerouted. However the failed channels may have to be routed through a slightly larger, but minimal, number of additional hops than with the first method.
摘要翻译：描述了在多信道传输系统中重新路由故障信道到备用信道的有效方法。一种方法使用最少量的重新路由来重新路由所有通道，如果一个或两个线卡故障。另一组方法在通道故障的情况下重新路由多达两个故障通道到备用通道。使用此方法，只有失败的通道被重新路由。然而，与第一种方法相比，故障通道可能必须通过稍大，但最小的额外跳数来路由。

3. 发明授权

US5867289A Fault detection for all-optical add-drop multiplexer 失效
标题翻译：全光分插复用器故障检测
公开(公告)号：US5867289A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-02
申请号：US772789
申请日：1996-12-24
申请人： Ornan Alexander Gerstel , Chung-Sheng Li , Rajiv Ramaswami , Chaoyu Yue
发明人： Ornan Alexander Gerstel , Chung-Sheng Li , Rajiv Ramaswami , Chaoyu Yue
IPC分类号： H04B10/02 , H04B10/08 , H04J14/02 , H04Q11/00
CPC分类号： H04B10/038 , H04B10/07 , H04B10/077 , H04B10/0773 , H04J14/0212 , H04J14/0226 , H04J14/0246 , H04J14/025 , H04J14/0283 , H04Q11/0005 , H04B2210/078 , H04J14/028 , H04J14/0282 , H04J14/0284 , H04Q2011/0016 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0083
摘要： A fault detecting apparatus and method for a network node of an optical transmission system receives a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical signal which includes a group of optical channels. The network node includes an optical demultiplexer, optical switch, optical multiplexer, and an optical channel add/drop device. Supervisory optical signals having a different wavelength than the wavelengths of the group of optical channels are generated and spliced with each optical channel by the optical demultiplexer. The supervisory channel optical power is tapped off at various points in the network node, such as the output optical channels of the demultiplexer, dropped optical channel outputs, output optical channels from the optical switch, and the output WDM optical signal of the multiplexer. The supervisory channels are monitored by a wavemeter for bypass lightpaths and dropped lightpaths. Added optical channels are monitored by monitoring a portion of the signal power in the added lightpath of the added optical channel. If the wavemeter detects the absence of the supervisory signal, or the portion of the added optical channel, this indicates a fault condition and the network control is notified to effect correction of the fault.
摘要翻译：用于光传输系统的网络节点的故障检测装置和方法接收包括一组光信道的波分复用（WDM）光信号。网络节点包括光解复用器，光开关，光复用器和光信道分插装置。通过光解复用器产生与各光信道的波长不同的波长的监控光信号，并与每个光信道拼接。监控信道光功率在网络节点的各个点被分路，例如解复用器的输出光信道，丢弃光信道输出，从光开关输出光信道，以及多路复用器的输出WDM光信号。监控通道由波导计监测，用于旁路光路和掉落的光路。通过监视添加的光通道的增加的光路中的信号功率的一部分来监视添加的光通道。如果波分计检测到监控信号不存在，或者所添加的光信道的部分，则表示故障状况，通知网络控制以进行故障校正。

4. 发明授权

US5793746A Fault-tolerant multichannel multiplexer ring configuration 失效
标题翻译：容错多通道多路复用器环配置
公开(公告)号：US5793746A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-11
申请号：US639454
申请日：1996-04-29
申请人： Ornan Alexander Gerstel , Rajiv Ramaswami
发明人： Ornan Alexander Gerstel , Rajiv Ramaswami
IPC分类号： H04L1/22 , H04L12/437 , H04Q11/04
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0478 , H04J14/0283 , H04J14/0295 , H04L1/22 , H04L12/437 , H04J2203/0042 , H04J2203/006
摘要： A wiring scheme for providing loop-back capability for individual failed channels around a ring network composed of nodes with limited space-switching. With this invention each node has a switch for interconnecting channels between incident links of the node. Each secure channel i has a backup channel B(i). In the normal mode of operation, the switch is configured so that the ports for channel B(i) of the incident links are connected to each other. Upon failure of channel i in one of the incident links of the node, the port for channel i of the failed link is connected to the port for channel B(i) on the other incident link of the node. With this invention when there is a failure of channel i on one of the links, the connection using this failed channel can be restored by switch configurations at only two nodes of the ring since the backup channels at the other nodes are already connected to each other.
摘要翻译：一种用于为环形网络周围的单个故障通道提供环回功能的布线方案，该环网由具有有限空间切换的节点组成。利用本发明，每个节点具有用于互连节点的事件链路之间的信道的交换机。每个安全通道i具有备用通道B（i）。在正常操作模式下，开关被配置为使得入口链路的通道B（i）的端口彼此连接。在节点的一个事件链路中的信道i发生故障时，故障链路的信道i的端口连接到节点的另一个事件链路上的信道B（i）的端口。利用本发明，当在其中一个链路上存在信道i的故障时，使用该故障信道的连接可以通过仅在环的两个节点处的交换机配置来恢复，因为其他节点处的备用信道已经彼此连接。

5. 发明授权

US5825949A Optical wavelength division multiplexer for coupling to data sources and sinks, wherein at least two data sources and sinks operate with different communication protocols 失效
标题翻译：用于耦合到数据源和接收器的光波分复用器，其中至少两个数据源和接收器以不同的通信协议进行操作
公开(公告)号：US5825949A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-20
申请号：US832093
申请日：1997-04-03
申请人： Michael M. Choy , Paul Eliot Green, Jr. , William Eric Hall , Frank James Janniello , Jeff Kenneth Kravitz , Karen Liu , Rajiv Ramaswami , Franklin Fuk-Kay Tong
发明人： Michael M. Choy , Paul Eliot Green, Jr. , William Eric Hall , Frank James Janniello , Jeff Kenneth Kravitz , Karen Liu , Rajiv Ramaswami , Franklin Fuk-Kay Tong
IPC分类号： H04J14/00 , H04B10/155 , H04B10/24 , H04J14/02 , G02B6/28
CPC分类号： H04J14/02 , H04B10/506 , H04B10/572
摘要： A wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) unit (12) includes a plurality of Input/Output cards (IOCs 14). Each IOC is bidirectionally coupled to I/O specific media (fiber or copper) and to two coaxial cables. Also bidirectionally coupled to the coaxial cables are a plurality of Laser/Receiver Cards (LRC 20). The interface between the IOCs and the LRCs is an Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL) electrical interface that is conveyed over the coaxial cables. Each LRC is bidirectionally coupled by two single mode fibers to an optical multiplexer and demultiplexer, embodied within a grating (24). An input/output port of the grating is coupled to a fiber link (28) that enables bidirectional, full duplex data communications with a second WDM. Each WDM also includes a Diagnostic Processor Card (DPC 28) that receives status signals from the IOCs and LRCs, that forwards the status signals on to an external processor, and which generates control information for the IOCs and LRCs. Each IOC is associated with one of a plurality of communications channels and includes an I/O specific media connector (30) that is coupled to an appropriate transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx). The I/O specific media connector, Tx and Rx are constructed and operated in accordance with the specific data stream type that is input to and output from the associated channel of the WDM. By example, a first data stream may be conveyed through an optical (fiber) conductor in accordance with an ESCON protocol at 200 Mb/s, and a second data stream may be conveyed through an electrical (copper) conductor in accordance with an ECL non-specific protocol at up to 622 MB/s.
摘要翻译：波分复用器（WDM）单元（12）包括多个输入/输出卡（IOC 14）。每个IOC双向耦合到I / O特定介质（光纤或铜）和两根同轴电缆。还双向耦合到同轴电缆的是多个激光/接收卡（LRC 20）。 IOC和LRC之间的接口是通过同轴电缆传送的发射极耦合逻辑（ECL）电接口。每个LRC通过两个单模光纤双向耦合到光学多路复用器和解复用器中，体现在光栅（24）内。光栅的输入/输出端口耦合到能够与第二WDM进行双向全双工数据通信的光纤链路（28）。每个WDM还包括诊断处理器卡（DPC 28），其接收来自IOC和LRC的状态信号，将状态信号转发到外部处理器，并且产生IOC和LRC的控制信息。每个IOC与多个通信信道中的一个相关联，并且包括耦合到适当的发射机（Tx）和接收机（Rx）的I / O特定媒体连接器（30）。 I / O特定媒体连接器Tx和Rx根据输入到WDM的相关信道并从其输出的特定数据流类型被构造和操作。例如，可以根据ESCON协议以200Mb / s的速度将第一数据流传送通过光（光纤）导体，并且可以根据ECL非传输第二数据流通过电（铜）导体传送第二数据流，特定协议高达622 MB / s。

6. 发明授权

US07606180B2 Multichannel ring and star networks with limited channel conversion 有权
标题翻译：具有有限信道转换的多通道环和星形网络
公开(公告)号：US07606180B2
公开(公告)日：2009-10-20
申请号：US11131056
申请日：2005-05-16
申请人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Galen Sasaki
发明人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Galen Sasaki
IPC分类号： H04L12/42 , H04J14/00 , G06F15/16
CPC分类号： H04L12/42 , H04J14/02 , H04L12/44 , H04Q11/0062 , H04Q2011/0086 , H04Q2011/0092
摘要： A ring communication network according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of nodes in which a single one of the nodes is configured for full channel conversion and the remaining nodes, other than the single node, are configured for no channel conversion. Links with no more than W channels couple the nodes. The ring communication network may include N nodes and links connecting the nodes for carrying data in W channels such that N≧2 log2 W−1, where W is a power of 2. Each of the N nodes includes switches connected such that each channel of a first one of the links adjacent to any one of the N nodes can be switched to no more than W−1 channels of another one of the links adjacent to any one node.
摘要翻译：根据本发明的实施例的环通信网络包括多个节点，其中单个节点被配置用于全频道转换，而除单个节点之外的其余节点被配置为不进行频道转换。链接不超过W个通道耦合节点。环通信网络可以包括N个节点和连接节点的链路，用于在W个信道中携带数据，使得N≥2log2W-1，其中W是2的幂.N个节点中的每一个包括连接的开关，使得每个信道可以将与N个节点中的任一个相邻的第一个链路切换到与任何一个节点相邻的另一个链路的不超过W-1个信道。

7. 发明申请

US20080219666A1 OPTICAL LINE TERMINAL ARRANGEMENT, APPARATUS AND METHODS 有权
标题翻译：光线终端装置，装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US20080219666A1
公开(公告)日：2008-09-11
申请号：US12042793
申请日：2008-03-05
申请人： Ornan A. Gerstel , Rajiv Ramaswami
发明人： Ornan A. Gerstel , Rajiv Ramaswami
IPC分类号： H04J14/02
CPC分类号： H04J14/022 , H04J14/0201 , H04J14/0206 , H04J14/0212 , H04J14/0216 , H04J14/0278 , H04J14/0282 , H04J14/0286
摘要： A wavelength division multiplexed optical communication system includes a plurality of optical line terminals which may be part of separate in service networks, each having a line interface and an all-optical pass-through interface including a plurality of pass-through optical ports, and each also including a plurality of local optical ports which are connectable to client equipment and an optical multiplexer/demultiplexer for multiplexing/demultiplexing optical wavelengths. The optical multiplexer/demultiplexer may include one or more stages for inputting/outputting individual wavelengths or bands of a predetermined number of wavelengths, or a combination of bands and individual wavelengths. At least one of the pass-through optical ports of an optical line terminal of one network may be connected to at least one of the pass-through optical ports of an optical line terminal of another network to form an optical path from the line interface of the optical line terminal of the one network to the line interface of the optical line terminal of the another network to form a merged network. The use of such optical line terminals allows the upgrading and merging of the separate networks while in service.
摘要翻译：波分多路复用光通信系统包括多个光线路终端，其可以是服务网络中分离的一部分，每个具有线路接口和包括多个通过光端口的全光通过接口，并且每个还包括可连接到客户设备的多个本地光端口和用于复用/解复用光波长的光复用器/解复用器。光复用器/解复用器可以包括一个或多个级，用于输入/输出预定数量的波长的各个波长或波段，或波段和各波长的组合。一个网络的光线路终端的至少一个直通光端口可以连接到另一网络的光线路终端的至少一个直通光端口，以形成从一个网络的光线路终端到另一个网络的光线路终端的线路接口，形成一个合并网络。使用这种光线路终端允许在使用中升级和合并分离的网络。

8. 发明申请

US20070104483A1 METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR OPTICAL NETWORK MANAGEMENT USING PILOT TONES 失效
标题翻译：使用PILOT TONES进行光网络管理的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20070104483A1
公开(公告)日：2007-05-10
申请号：US11532903
申请日：2006-09-18
申请人： John Carrick , Mark Oppenheimer , Rajiv Ramaswami , Ornan Gerstel
发明人： John Carrick , Mark Oppenheimer , Rajiv Ramaswami , Ornan Gerstel
IPC分类号： H04B10/08
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0062 , H04B10/0773 , H04B10/0793 , H04B2210/075 , H04Q2011/0083 , H04Q2011/0088
摘要： Methods and apparatus for managing an optical network using pilot tones are provided. One method includes selecting an optical path having a plurality of nodes from a database defining an expected optical network. A detected list of pilot tones associated with each node of the selected optical path is generated. An expected list of pilot tones associated with each node of the selected optical path is generated. The detected and expected lists are compared to identify any mismatched nodes.
摘要翻译：提供了使用导频音来管理光网络的方法和装置。一种方法包括从定义预期光网络的数据库中选择具有多个节点的光路。产生与所选光路的每个节点相关联的检测到的导频音的列表。生成与所选光路的每个节点相关联的导频音调的预期列表。将检测到的和预期的列表进行比较以识别任何不匹配的节点。

9. 发明授权

US06650803B1 Method and apparatus for optical to electrical to optical conversion in an optical cross-connect switch 有权
标题翻译：用于光交叉连接开关中的光电转换的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06650803B1
公开(公告)日：2003-11-18
申请号：US09704439
申请日：2000-11-01
申请人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Robert R. Ward
发明人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Robert R. Ward
IPC分类号： G02B626
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0062 , G02B6/43 , H04J14/0293 , H04J14/0297 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0009 , H04Q2011/0015 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0026 , H04Q2011/0035 , H04Q2011/0041 , H04Q2011/0043 , H04Q2011/005 , H04Q2011/0058 , H04Q2011/0073 , H04Q2011/0081 , H04Q2011/0083 , H04Q2011/0088
摘要： Methods, apparatus and systems for regenerating, monitoring and bridging optical signals through an optical cross-connect switch to provide increased reliability. A self testing method, apparatus and system for an optical cross-connect switch. An optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter (O/E/O) is provided in an optical cross-connect switch to provide optical-electrical-optical conversion. I/O port cards having an optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter are referred to as smart port cards while I/O port cards without an optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter are referred to as passive port cards. Test port/monitor cards are also provided for testing optical cross-connect switches. Methods, apparatus and systems for performing bridging, test access, and supporting redundant optical switch fabrics are also disclosed.
摘要翻译：通过光交叉连接开关再生，监测和桥接光信号的方法，装置和系统，以提供更高的可靠性。一种用于光交叉连接开关的自检方法，装置和系统。在光交叉开关中提供光 - 电 - 光转换器（O / E / O）以提供光 - 电 - 光转换。具有光 - 电 - 光转换器的I / O端口卡被称为智能端口卡，而没有光对电转换器的I / O端口卡被称为被动端口卡。还提供测试端口/监视器卡，用于测试光交叉连接交换机。还公开了用于执行桥接，测试访问和支持冗余光交换结构的方法，装置和系统。

10. 发明授权

US06597826B1 Optical cross-connect switching system with bridging, test access and redundancy 有权
标题翻译：具有桥接，测试访问和冗余的光交叉连接交换系统
公开(公告)号：US06597826B1
公开(公告)日：2003-07-22
申请号：US09704444
申请日：2000-11-01
申请人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Steven Clark , Robert R. Ward
发明人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Steven Clark , Robert R. Ward
IPC分类号： G02B642
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0062 , G02B6/43 , H04J14/0293 , H04J14/0297 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0015 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0026 , H04Q2011/0041 , H04Q2011/0043 , H04Q2011/0049 , H04Q2011/005 , H04Q2011/0073 , H04Q2011/0081 , H04Q2011/0083
摘要： In one embodiment, a scalable cross-connect switching system and its corresponding method perform a bridging operation by splitting the incoming light signal into at least a first bridged light signal and a second bridged light signal. The first bridged light signal has a power level equal to or substantially greater than a power level of the second bridged light signal. The disproportionate power levels provide low-loss bridging. Light signals based on these bridged light signals are routed through multiple switch fabrics which provide redundancy in case of failure by switching within the switch fabric. To detect failures, a test access port is configured for monitoring multiple optical paths.
摘要翻译：在一个实施例中，可扩展交叉连接交换系统及其对应方法通过将入射光信号分成至少第一桥接光信号和第二桥接光信号来执行桥接操作。第一桥接光信号具有等于或基本上大于第二桥接光信号的功率电平的功率电平。不相称的权力水平提供低损失桥梁。基于这些桥接光信号的光信号通过多个交换结构进行路由，这些交换结构在交换结构内切换时在故障的情况下提供冗余。为了检测到故障，测试接入端口被配置为监视多个光路。

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